Telangana SCERT Class 10 Physical Science Chapter 12 Solution – Carbon And Its Compounds. Here in this post we provides Class 10 Physical Science Carbon And Its Compounds Telangana State Board Solution. Telangana State Board English Class X Medium Students can download this Solution to Solve out Improve Your Learning Questions and Answers.
Telangana State Board Class 10 Physical Science Chapter 12 Carbon And Its Compounds Solution:
CHAPTER: – 12
Carbon and its Compounds
Exercise: –
Reflections on concepts
1) What are the general molecular formulae of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes. (AS1)
Ans: – The general molecular formulae of are CnH2n+2 which is alkane, alkenes whose chemical formula is CnH2n and alkynes formula is CnH2n-2.
2) Name the product other than water formed on burning of ethanol in air. (AS1)
Ans: – Carbon dioxide or CO2 is the product that formed after burning of ethanol in air.
3) Name the simplest ketone and write its molecular formula. (AS1)
Ans: – CH3COCH3 or Propanoic acid is the simplest kenotone.
4 )Name the compound formed by heating ethanol at 443 K with excess of conc. H2SO4. (AS1)
Ans: – CH3CH2OH + conc.H2SO4 = C2H4 + H2O.
So, from the upper reaction we see that ethane will be formed after heating.
5) Name the product obtained when ethanol is oxidized by either chromic anhydride or alkalinepotassium permanganate. (AS1)
Ans: – When ethanol is being oxidized by chromium anhydride or alkaline potassium permanganate the product which will be obtained is ethanoic acid.
6) Write the homologous series of carbon compounds after CH3 OHCH2CH3 and write the IUPAC name. (AS1)
Ans: – But-2-ol is the IUPAC name of the next series compound of CH3OHCH2CH3.
7) Why does carbon form compounds mainly by covalent bonding? (AS1)
Ans: – As we all know carbon atom has 4 electrons in its outside shell which tells us that this configuration onlyelectronsharing is possible. So covalent bond is possible in this configuration.
8)Explain how sodium ethoxide is obtained from ethanol? Give chemical equations. (AS1)
Ans: – The reaction of solid sodium with the ethanol produced the gas H2 and sodium ethoxide.
2CH3CH2OH + 2Na → 2C2H5ONa + H2.
9)Explain the cleansing action of soap. (AS1)
Ans: – We known from the character of soap that soap has two end one polar and non-polar end. The non-polar end is hydrophobic in nature of soap which pull out the dirt from the cloths
10) Distinguish between esterification and saponification reactions of organic compounds. (AS1)
Ans: – The esterification reaction is betweencarboxylic acid and the alcohol in presence of conc. H2SO4 makes ester and the ester with alkali sodium hydroxide makes the alcohol and carboxylic acid black this reaction is known as saponification reaction so both are different reaction.
11) What happens when a small piece of sodium is dropped into ethanol? (AS2)
Ans: – A sodium small pieces dropped into ethanol after that we see that sodium ethoxide is formed and hydrogen is produced.
2C2H5OH + 2Na → 2C2H5ONa + H2.
12) Draw the electronic dot structure of ethane molecule (C2H6). (AS5)
Ans: –
Application of concepts
1) Explain with the help of a chemical equation, how an addition reaction is used invegetable ghee industry. (AS1)
Ans: – In vegetable ghee industrythe presence of Nickle catalyst makes the ethane to produce hydrogen gas in reaction with hydrogen vegetable oil is produce.
C2H4 + H2 —-/Ni at 15℃—>C2H6
2) a) Write the various possible structural formulae of a compound having molecular Formula C3H6O? (AS1)
b) Give the IUPAC names of the above compounds write their structures. (AS1)
c) What is the similarity in these compounds? (AS1)
Ans: –
3) Allotropy is a property shown by which class of substances: elements, compounds ormixtures? Explain allotropy with suitable examples. (AS1)
Ans: – Allotropy is a property which shown by most of elements. Allotropy is like the different from of an element which is states the presence of that elements.
Example: -The different allotropy of carbon iscoal, coke, are the amorphous form whereas graphite is a crystalline form.
4) Two carbon compounds A and B have molecular formulae C3H8 and C3H6 respectively.Which one of the two is most likely to undergo addition reactions? Justify your answer. (AS2)
Ans: – The C3H6 compound is unsaturated in nature because of that it will take part in addition reaction. The unsaturated hydrocarbon always take part in addition reaction which is proved by various example like that.
5) 1ml of glacial acetic acid and 1ml of ethanol are mixed together in a test tube. Few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid are added to the mixture and warmed in a water bath for 5 min.
Answer the following:
- Name the resultant compound formed. (AS2)
- Represent the above change by a chemical equation. (AS1)
- What name is given to such a reaction? (AS1)
- What are the special characteristics of the compound formed?
Ans: –
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS.
1.) Which of the following solution of acetic acid in water can be used as preservative?
a) 5-10% b) 10-15%
c) 15-20% d) 100%.
Ans: – option (a).
2.) The suffix used for naming an aldehyde is
a) -ol b) -al c) -one d) -ene.
Ans: – option (b).
3.) Acetic acid, when dissolved in water, it dissociates into ions reversibly because it is a:
a) Weak acid b) strong acid
c) weak base d) strong base.
Ans: – option (c).
4.) Which one of the following hydrocarbons can show isomerism?
a) C2H4 b) C2H6 c) C3H8 d. C4H10.
Ans: – option (c).
5.) Combustion of hydrocarbon is generally accompanied by the evolution of
a) Heat b) Light
c) both heat and light d) Electric current.
Ans: – option (c).
6.) 2ml of ethanoic acid was taken in each of the three test tubes A, B and C and 2ml, 4ml and 8mlof water was added to them, respectively. A clear solution is obtained in:
a) Test tube A only b) Test tubes A & B only.
c) Test tubes B and C only d) All the test tubes.
Ans: – option (d)
7.) If 2 ml of acetic acid was added slowly in drops to 5ml of water then we will notice
a) The acid forms a separate layer on the top of water.
b) Water forms a separate layer on the top of the acid.
c) Formation of a clear and homogenous solution.
d) Formation of a pink and clear solution.
Ans: – option (c).
8.) A few drops of ethanoic acid were added to solid sodium carbonate. The possible results of the reactions are:
a) A hissing sound was evolved b) Brown fumes evolved.
c) Brisk effervescence occurred. d) A pungent smelling gas evolved.
Ans: – option (a).
9.) When acetic acid reacts with ethyl alcohol, we add conc. H2SO4 , which acts as……….andthe process is called……………………
a) Oxidizing agent, saponification b) Dehydrating agent, esterification
c) Reducing agent, Esterification d) Acid & esterification.
Ans: – option (b).
More Extra Question and Answers
Q .1) MCQ.
1.) Which of the following is not a metal
a) Na
b) K
c) C
d) Al
2.) The concept of hybridization introduced by _____
a) Robert Boyle
b) Linus Pauling
c) Mendeleev
d) Newland
3.) Carbon atom undergoes_____ hybridization.
a) Sp²
b) Sp3
c) SP
d) None of the above
4.) Which of the following is not amorphous allotrope of carbon.
a) Coal
b) Coke
c) Wood
d) Graphite
5.) Which of the following is the formula of buckminsterfullerene.
a) C60
b) C20
c) C10
d) C40
6.) Who discovered nano tubes.
a) Sumio Li Jima
b) Boyle
c) Lima
d) Richard Feynman
7.) Which of the following is the material used in pencils.
a) Fullerene
b) Coal
c) Graphite
d) Nano particle
8.) Who named the organic compounds
a) Sumio Li Jima
b) J.J. Berzelius
c) Thomas
d) Richard
9.) Who produced urea in laboratory.
a) Berzelius
b) Sumio Li Jima
c) F Wohler
d) Thomas
10.) Which of the following is the functional group of alcohol
a) -OH
b) -CHO
c) -Cl
d) -COOH
11.) Which of the following is the functional group of ketones.
a) -CHO
b) -OH
c) R-CO-R
d) COOH
12.) Number of carbons in heptane
a) 4
b) 5
c) 6
d) 7
13.) Which of the following is the suffix used for ketone
a) -one
b) -ol
c) Al
d) Oic acid
Q.2) Very Short Answers Questions.
1.) Define true solution?
→ True solution is defined as solute particle dispersed in the solvent are less than 1 nanometer in diameter
2.) Define micelle.
→ A spherical aggregate of soap molecules in water is called as micelle.
3.) What is hydrocarbon and give its types?
→ Hydrocarbons are the compounds of carbon and hydrogen. Hydrocarbons are of two types saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons.
4.) What happened in the process of combustion of saturated hydrocarbons?
→ Saturated hydrocarbons on combustion give carbon dioxide and water with liberation of heat.
5.) Define isomerism.
→ The phenomena of possessing same molecular formula but different properties by compounds is called as isomerism.
6.) What is functional group?
→ The characteristic property of a molecule mainly depends on an atom or a group of atoms in its molecule is called as functional group.
7.) Define unsaturated hydrocarbons?
→ The unsaturated hydrocarbons are defined as the compound containing at least one carbon double bond or at least one carbon triple bond.
8.) Define Allotropes and give the types of allotropes of carbon?
→ The compounds having nearly same chemical properties but having different physical properties are called as Allotropes.
Carbon having two types of allotropes.
1) Crystalline allotropes, 2) Amorphous allotropes.
9.) What is hybridization?
→ The redistribution of orbitals of almost equal energy in an
individual atom to give equal number of new orbitals with identical properties like energy and shape is called as hybridization.
10.) Write examples of amorphous allotropes of carbon?
→ Coal,coke, wood charcoal, animal charcoal, lamp black, petroleum cake, gas carbon, sugar charcoal.
11.) Give the structure of ethane and butane.
12) Give the structure of ethanoic acid and methanolic acid.
Q.3) Short Answer Questions.
1.) Complete the table.
|
Alkane
|
Number of carbons |
Structure |
| 1.Propane
|
||
| 2.Butane
|
||
| 3. Pentane
|
||
| 4.methane
|
Answers:
2.) Give the structural formulas of following
1) but-2ene
2) 2-3, chloropropane
3) butan-1-ol
3.) Give addition reaction of but-1-ene.
Answers
Q.4) Long Answer Question
1.) Give the relation between combustion and oxidation? What are the oxidants and give the reaction of conversion of ethanol into ethanoic acid by oxidation?
→ Combustion is generally oxidation reaction. But all oxidation reactions are not combustion reaction. Oxidation reaction may be carried out by using oxidizing agents. Oxidants are also called as oxidizing agents are the substances which oxidize other substances while itself get reduced.
