Telangana SCERT Class 10 Biology Chapter 2 Solution – Respiration. Here in this post we provides Class 10 Biology Respiration Telangana State Board Solution. Telangana State Board English Class X Medium Students can download this Solution to Solve out Improve Your Learning Questions and Answers.
Telanagana State Board Class 10 Biology Chapter 2 Respiration Solution:
1.) Distinguish between
a) inspiration and expiration b) aerobic and anaerobic respiration
c) respiration and combustion d) photosynthesis and respiration
a) inspiration and expiration
Inspiration |
Expiration |
Inspiration is intake of air into the body. |
Expiration is expulsion of air out of the body. |
There is intake of oxygen. |
There is release of carbon dioxide. |
The air from outside rushes into the lungs. |
The air from body is expelled out through nose into external atmosphere. |
During inspiration, the diaphragm flattens. |
During expiration, the diaphragm contracts. |
The volume of chest cavity increased. |
The volume of chest cavity decreased. |
The internal pressure on lungs decreases. |
The internal pressure on lungs increases. |
b) aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration |
Anaerobic respiration |
The cellular respiration that occurs in presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration. |
The cellular respiration that occurs in absence or little availability of oxygen is called aerobic respiration. |
Occurs in mitochondria of humans. |
Occurs in muscles in humans. |
More amount of ATP produced as compared to anaerobic respiration. |
Very less ATP produced. |
End products are- CO2, H2O and energy |
End products- Lactic acid or Ethanol (fermentation), Energy |
c) respiration and combustion
Respiration |
Combustion |
Respiration occurs at normal body temperature. |
Combustion occurs at very high temperature, if occurs in cell, the cell would burn. |
The burning or breakdown of substrate of respiration i.e. glucose can be controlled in body during respiration. |
The burning of glucose during combustion cannot be stopped easily. |
Respiration in occurs in presence of water in cell. |
Water exhausts combustion. |
d) photosynthesis and respiration
Photosynthesis |
Respiration |
Photosynthesis is an anabolic process. |
Respiration is a catabolic process. |
It involves production of sugars, starch and other carbohydrates. |
It involves breakdown of photosynthetically synthesized sugars to release energy. |
It occurs in chloroplast. |
It occurs in mitochondria of eukaryotes and cell membrane of prokaryotes. |
Rate of photosynthesis is higher than respiration during day time. |
Rate of respiration is higher than photosynthesis during night time. |
Q2. State two similarities between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Ans- 1. Aerobic and anaerobic are types of cellular respiration
- Both processes use glucose as substrate for respiration process.
- Aerobic and anaerobic respiration processes produce ATP as energy source.
Q3. Food sometimes enters the wind pipe and causes choking. How does it happen?
Ans- In the respiratory system of humans, from the pharynx there are 2 passage ways with same opening but different endings, of these 2 passages one carries air and the other food. This channeling is facilitated by a flap like valve called epiglottis which is partly closed when we swallow food for proper respiration process to occur. But if sometimes it is not properly closed which happens when you talk during eating, the food particles enter the wind pipe and it causes choking.
Q4. Why does the rate of breathing increase while walking uphill at a normal pace in the mountains? Give two reasons.
Ans- At heights or uphill, the concentration of oxygen is less. Due to less oxygen, only half of available oxygen molecules will combine with haemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin. The blood cannot carry enough oxygen to cells if haemoglobin is combined with less oxygen. As the amount of oxygen decreases, the pressure increases. So as to increase the amount of oxygen availability to cells the rate of breathing increases.
Q5. Air leaves the tiny sacs in the lungs to pass into capillaries. What modification is needed in the statement?
Ans- The lungs have tiny air sacs called alveoli surrounded by blood capillaries. The gaseous exchange in lungs occurs by diffusion between alveoli to blood capillaries and vice versa. Oxygen from inhaled air is diffused from alveoli to blood capillaries.
Q6. Plants photosynthesize during daytime and respire during the night. Do you agree to this statement? Why? Why not?
Ans- Photosynthesis is a process in which plants utilize CO2, H2O and sunlight to produce sugars. The sunlight is a raw material in photosynthesis that is detrimental for this process. So plants photosynthesize during daytime. The respiration process occurs throughout the day.
Q7. Why does a deep sea diver and mountainair carry oxygen cylinder on her back?
Ans- On Mountains or in deep sea, the concentration of oxygen is less. Due to less oxygen, only half of available oxygen molecules will combine with haemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin. The blood cannot carry enough oxygen to cells if haemoglobin is combined with less oxygen. As the amount of oxygen decreases, the pressure increases. So as to increase the amount of oxygen availability to cells and maintain constant rate of breathing deep sea diver and mountainair carry oxygen cylinder on her back.
Q8. How are alveoli designed to maximize the exchange of gases?
Ans- Alveoli are thinly walled sac like structure in the lungs. The thin wall reduces the space occupied in lungs while the sac like structure increases the surface area of alveoli. The alveoli and their surrounding blood capillaries increase the surface area and maximize the exchange of gases.
Q9. Where will the release of energy from glucose in respiration take place? Mala writes lungs while Raziya writes muscles. Who is correct and why?
Ans- Raziya is correct because in lungs only gaseous exchange takes place not respiration. The oxygen from lungs is transported to muscles via blood capillaries. In the muscles, the glucose stored is oxidized to release energy in the form of ATP.
Q10. What is the role of epiglottis and diaphragm in respiration?
Ans- Role of epiglottis:
- Epiglottis is flap like valve that arrests entry of food into the wind pipe that reaches the lungs.
- It allows the proper passage of air through the larynx to the lungs.
Role of diaphragm:
- Diaphragm is a flattend muscles that helps movement of air into and out of the lungs.
- It seperates chest and abdomen.
- When diaphragm is flattened and the volume of chest cavity is increased, the internal pressure decreases and air from outside rushes into the lungs.
- When diaphragm is contracted and the volume of chest cavity is decreased, the internal pressure increases and air is expelled out from the lungs into surrounding environment.
Q11. How does gaseous exchange takes place at blood level (or) cellular level?
Ans- Alveoli are thin walled sac like structure surrounded by blood capillaries in the lungs. The alveoli and their surrounding blood capillaries increase the surface area and maximize the exchange of gases by diffusion process. The CO2 in blood is exchanged for oxygen in alveoli due to difference in concentration at both the sites.
Q12. Explain the mechanism of gaseous exchange at branchiole level.
Ans- In lungs the traches divides into brochi and bronchi into bronchioles. The bronchioles in lungs are further divided into number of thin walled sac like structure called alveoli. These alveoli are surrounded by blood capillaries. This increase the surface area and maximize the exchange of gases by diffusion process. The exchange of CO2 and oxygen occurs due to concentration difference. The concentration of oxygen in alveolar air is more than in blood capillaries, so the oxygen diffuses from alveoli to capillaries. While the concentration of CO2 in blood capillaries is higher than alveoli so carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries to alveolar air in alveoli and is expelled out of body.
Q13. After a vigorous excercise or work we feel pain in muscles. What is the relationship between pain and respiration?
Ans- The energy ATP is produced by respiration and used to do work. The ATP present in muscles is converted to ADP when you vigorous exercise or work is done. But the muscles carry ATP that only lasts about half a second when vigorous exercise is done. To meet the energy requirement during the exercise, body also performs anaerobic respiration alongwith aerobic respiration. The anaerobic respiration produces ATP and lactic acid from sugars in muscles. The accumulation of lactic acid in muscles leads to muscular pain after vigorous exercise or work until it is removed from blood after exercise.
Q14. Raju said stem also respire along with leaves in plants. Can you support this statement? Give your reasons.
Ans- Yes, the stems also respire along with leaves in plants. The leaves carry out respiration through opening of stomata for gaseous exchange. The young stems also contain some stomata to carry out respiration for gaseous exchange. The older stems contain lenticels instead of stomata to carry out the respiration process for gaseous exchange.
Q15. What happen if diaphragm is not there in the body?
Ans- Diaphragm is a flattend muscles that seperates chest and abdomen. It helps movement of air into and out of the lungs by its contraction and relaxation respectively. In absence of diaphragm the normal process of inspiration and expiration will be affected and we would fall short of breath which would lead to death.
16) If you have a chance to meet pulmonologist what questions are you doing to ask about pulmonary respiration?
Ans – If I have a chance to meet pulmonologist following are questions I would like to ask.
- What are the role of pulmonary respiration?
- How pulmonary respiration takes place?
- What is the capillaries and what are the functions of capillaries?
- What is mechanism of gas exchange in human body?
- The pulmonary exchange with artificial pulmonary? is it possible?
17) What procedure do you follow to understand anaerobic respiration in your school laboratory?
Ans – following are the procedure follow to understand a anaerobic respiration.
- For understand anaerobic respiration We do the experiment on yeast.
- To detect anaerobic respiration take a observation of rise in the temperature and production of carbon dioxide . when living Organism kept away in anaerobic condition means kept away from supply of oxygen.
- Arrange apparatus as show in figure.
- Remove dissolved oxygen by heating the glucose solution.
- After one minute heating cooling it without shaking.
- Put in some yeast and cut the oxygen supply from air by pouring one centimetre layer of liquid paraffin on the mixture.
- Add few drops of diazine green solution to the yeast suspension before pouring of paraffin to check the oxygen.
- Blue dye convert pink when oxygen is in short supply around it.
- Bottle containing bicarbonate attached as show in figure.
- During an aerobic process some amount of carbon dioxide released, it passes through tube and turn lime water milky and we can observe changes in temperature that indicate the presence of anaerobic respiration process.
Q18. What are your observations in combustion of sugar activity?
Ans- When sugar is heated, it first turns into black mass called char and then burns producing flames. This burning of sugar is called combustion. On combustion of sugar, it releases CO2, H2O and energy in the form of heat. Once the combustion of sugar starts it cannot be stopped easily.
21) What is the pathway taken by air in the respiratory system? in illustrate with labeled diagram?
Ans
Air enters into the body through nostril and passes to nasal cavity where the filtering of air takes place and lowered temperature of air. At pharynx the wall that is epiglottis is present and it channelize the proper movement of air, Then air pass to trachea and from trachea to bronchus.
It is lower end of trachea divides into two bronchi and each bronchi further divided into small Bronchiole from these bronchioles air passes to alveoli . Alveoli is finally terminate sack like structure where the gas exchange takes place. The blood capillaries take up the oxygen in exchange of carbon dioxide and finally oxygen enters into the blood containing capillaries and these blood circulate these oxygen to every parts of body.
22) Draw a block diagram showing events in respiration. Write that you understood about cellular respiration.
Ans
The pathway by which cell release energy by breaking the glucose molecule this process is called as cellular respiration . The cellular respiration takes place in the presence of oxygen hence it is called as aerobic respiration and when it takes place in the absence of oxygen it is called as anaerobic respiration, at the end of an aerobic respiration the lactic acid form in animals and production of ATP molecules. In prokaryotic Organism cellular respiration occurs in cytoplasm and in eukaryotic Organism it occurs into the cytoplasm and mitochondria. The production of ATP in a Eukaryote stored in the mitochondria hence mitochondria called as the powerhouse of cell . In both the type of respiration energy stored in the form of ATP.
Q23. How you appreciate the mechanism of respiration in our body?
Ans- Respiratory system in humans is designed for intake of oxygen and expelling of carbon dioxide out of the body. This released carbon dioxide is used by plants for photosynthesis, thus recycling the CO2 produced by us. The cellular respiration produces the energy molecules i.e. ATP by aerobic or anaerobic respiration that are necessary for us to do work, thus helping our survival and day to day activities.
24) Prepare an article on anaerobic respiration to present school symposium.
Ans- Respiration is the process of intake of oxygen and explanation of carbon dioxide and release of energy to do work. There are two types of respiration first is anaerobic respiration and second is aerobic respiration. The aerobic respiration takes place in the presence of oxygen and anaerobic respiration takes place in the absence of oxygen. Anaerobic respiration leads to the production of lactic acid from glucose and few molecule of energy are produced , and this energy stored in the form of ATP . During
the anaerobic respirations some amount of carbon dioxide release. The produced lactic acid accumulate at muscles and results in the muscular pain when we do hard work or Vigorous exercise.
25) Prepare the cartoon on discussion between haemoglobin and chlorophyll about respiration.
Ans –
Fill in the blanks
(1) Exhaled air contains __carobon dioxide__ and __water vapours__.
(2) A flap like muscular valve controls movement of air and food is __epiglottis__.
(3) Energy currency of the cell is called ___ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)__.
(4) Lenticels are the respiratory organs exists in __stem__ part of plant.
(5) Mangroove trees respire with their __aerial roots (breathing roots)__.
Choose the correct answer
(1) We will find vocal cords in
Ans- B) pharynx
(2) Cluster of air sacs in lungs are called
Ans- A) alveoli
(3) Which of the following is correct
Ans- A) i and D) iv
(4) Respiration is a catabolic process because of
Ans- A) breakdown of complex food molecules
(5) Energy is stored in
Ans- B) mitochondria
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
MCQ
1) Which part of the respiratory system makes the air warm?
a) Nasal cavity
b) Pharynx
c) Larynx
d) Trachea
Ans: (a) Nasal cavity
2) Wind pipe is also called as:
a) Nasal cavity
b) Pharynx
c) Larynx
d) Trachea
Ans: (d) Trachea
3) Where does the gas exchange take place?
a) Alveoli
b) Trachea
c) Pharynx
d) Nasal cavity
Ans: (a) Alveoli
4) From what the chest wall is made up of?
a) Ribs
b) Muscles
c) Skin
d) All of the above
Ans: (d) All of the above
5) How much % of oxygen is inhaled?
a) 50% b) 21% c) 10% d) 60%
Ans: (b) 21%
6) How much % of carbon dioxide is exhaled?
a) 10% b) 8% c) 4.4% d) 2%
Ans: (c) 4.4%
7) The total lung capacity of human being is nearly
a) 5800ml b) 4000ml c) 3000 d) 4500
Ans: (a) 5800ml
8) Carbon dioxide is
a) Usually transported as bicarbonate,
b) Some amount of it combines with hemoglobin and
c) Dissolved in blood plasma.
d) All of the above
Ans: (d) All of the above
9) ATP provides ______ calories of energy
a) 6200 b) 7200 c)8200 d)9000
Ans: (b) 7200
10) In Fermentation in oxidation of oxygen:
a) Pyruvic acid is oxidized to CO2
b) Oxygen is converted into pyruvic acid
c) Pyruvic acid is converted in to ethanol
d) All of the above
Ans: (c) Pyruvic acid is converted in to ethanol
11) _________is called “power houses of the cell”
a) Golgi apparatus
b) Lysosome
c) Mitochondria
d) All of the above
Ans: (c) mitochondria
12) In vigorous activity like running, heat is released in ________ quantity.
a) high b) low c) normal d)none
Ans: (a) high
13) Respiration through skin is called
a) Cutaneous respiration
b) Branchial respiration
c) Tracheal respiratory
d) Diffusion
Ans: (a) Cutaneous respiration
14) Fishes have which type of respiration system?
a) Cutaneous respiration
b) Branchial respiration
c) Tracheal respiratory
d) Diffusion
Ans: (b) Branchial respiration
15) Cockroach have which type of respiration system?
a) Cutaneous respiration
b) Branchial respiration
c) Tracheal respiratory
d) Diffusion
Ans: (c) Tracheal respiratory
16) Which of the following have cutaneous respiration?
a) Frog b) Fish c) Amoeba d) Cockroach
Ans: (a) Frog
17) Which organism respires by diffusion?
a) Hydra b) Planaria c) Roundworms d) All of the above
Ans: d) All of the above
18) Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast to produce
a) Sugars b) Starch c) Carbohydrates d) All of the above
Ans: (d) All of the above
19) Cellular respiration occurs in
a) Mitochondria. B) Cytoplasm c) Endoplasmic reticulum d) All of the above
Ans: (a) Mitochondria
20) Diaphragm __________ in inhalation
a) Relaxes b) Contracts c) Remains normal d) none
Ans: (b) contracts
21) Diaphragm ________in exhalation.
a) Relaxes b) Contracts c) Remain normal d) None
Ans: (a) Relaxes
22) The lung towards left is slightly ________making space for the heart
a) Larger b) Smaller c) Normal d) None
Ans: (b) Smaller
23) The __________in the blood is exchanged for oxygen in the alveoli
A) Carbon dioxide b) Nitrogen c) Both a and b none
Ans: a) carbon dioxide
24) Blood combines with the haemoglobin to form .
a) hydrohaemoglobin b) dioxyhemoglobin c) oxyhaemoglobin.
d) all of the above
Ans: (c) oxyhaemoglobin.
25) Accumulation of lactic acid results in .
a) muscular pain. B) joints pain c) both a and b d) none
Ans: (a) muscular pain
26) The excess amount of energy is released in the form of:
a) water b) vapor c) heat d) all of the above
Ans: (c) heat
27) If the ________is not sufficient during vigorous exercise muscles start anaerobic respiration
a) oxygen b) carbon dioxide c) nitrogen d) none
Ans: (a) oxygen
28) lactic acid is formed in _____
a) aerobic respiration. b) anaerobic respiration. c) cellular respiration d) all of the above
Ans: b. anaerobic respiration.
29) ________are burned to produce chemical energy to do work at the cellular level.
a) Oxygen b) Carbon dioxide c) Nitrogen d) none
Ans: (b) carbon dioxide
30) __________ appear to be opposing reactions
a) Photosynthesis b) Respiration c) Both a and b d) none
Ans: (c) both a and b
Very short answer
1) What are the steps in respiration?
Ans: Breathing →Gaseous exchange at lungs level →Gas transport by blood →
Gaseous exchange at tissue level →Cellular Respiration
2) What is the role of nasal cavity?
Ans; Air is filtered and it remove some of the tiny particles of dirt in the air.
3) What is epiglottis and its function?
Ans: The epiglottis is a muscle valve that resembles a flap that regulates the flow of air and food into their respective passageways.
4) What are alveoli?
Ans: These finally terminate in clusters of air sacs called alveoli in the lungs which are very small and numerous.
5) State the function of alveoli.
Ans: Gaseous exchange takes place here as blood capillaries take up oxygen and expel carbon dioxide
6) Explain the structure when there is inhalation.
Ans: The diaphragm forms a dome when it is relaxed, with the convex side of the dome projecting into the chest cavity when we exhale.
7) Explain the structure when there is exhalation.
The diaphragm flattens out little or the dome descends when it contracts during inhalation. Consequently, the chest cavity’s volume increases.
8) Define inhalation.
Ans: When the diaphragm flattens and the volume of the chest cavity is increased, its internal pressure decreases and the air from the outside rushes into the lungs. This is inspiration
9) Where the carbon dioxide in the blood is exchanged?
Ans: The carbon dioxide is exchanged in the alveoli of the lings.
10) What are alveoli?
Ans: These tiny air sacs in the lungs are numerous and only one cell thick. They are surrounded by many capillaries.
11) What is the composition of oxygen in inhaled and exhaled air?
Ans: The composition of oxygen in inhaled air is 21% and exhaled air is 16%.
12) Which protein does the oxygen binds to?
Ans: The oxygen binds to the haemoglobin, which is present in red blood cells.
13) How is carbon dioxide transported?
Ans: Carbon dioxide is typically carried as bicarbonate, with the rest dissolving in blood plasma and part of it combining with haemoglobin.
14) What is ATP?
Ans: Adenosine triphosphate is an energy rich molecule. It has the ability to provide energy to the cell wherever it is required.
15) How much energy the ATP molecule provide?
Ans: A molecule of ATP provides 7200 calories of energy. Phosphate bonds are the form in which this energy is stored.
16) What happens in second stage if there is inadequate oxygen in oxidation of it?
Ans: If oxygen is inadequate in second stage, pyruvic acid is converted into ethanol. This process is called fermentation
17) What is cellular respiration?
Ans: The process by which cells release energy by rupturing the chemical bonds between glucose molecules is referred to as “cellular respiration.”
18) What is formed in inadequate oxygen while vigorous activity?
Ans: When engaging in intense exercise, muscles begin anaerobic respiration if there is insufficient oxygen available. Lactic acid gets produced as a result.
19) What is Tracheal respiratory system?
Ans: Tracheal respiratory system consists of series of tubes called trachea. This is divided into fine branches called tracheoles which carry air directly to the cells in the tissues. This is seen on cockroach.
20) Describe branchial respiration.
Ans: Certain aquatic creatures, such as fish, have gills. Blood is delivered to the gills by gas-exchanging capillaries, which have thin walls. This is called as branchial respiration.
21) State the major difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Ans: Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen.
22) Which is the most commonly used sugar for deriving energy in plants, animals and in microorganisms?
Ans: Glucose is the most commonly used sugar for deriving energy in plants, animals and in microorganisms
23) Which organism respire by the process of diffusion?
Ans: organisms like Hydra, Planaria, roundworms and earthworms obtain oxygen and expel carbon dioxide by the process of diffusion.
24) From which part of plants does the respiration takes place?
Ans: An opening called stomata is used as the exchange of gases in plant respiration.
25) By which process the plant respiration takes place?
Ans: By the process of diffusion the plant respiration takes place.
26) Describe anabolic process.
Ans: the process by which light energy is transformed into chemical energy and utilised to create sugars from carbon dioxide. This is an anabolic or synthesis process that takes place in the chloroplasts.
27) What is catabolic process?
Ans: It is the breakdown of complicated food molecules or the production of chemical or potential energy through a catabolic process.
28) What are the products of photosynthesis?
Ans: Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast to produce sugars, starch and other carbohydrates
29) Where does cellular respiration occur?
Ans: The process of cellular respiration takes place in mitochondria, where these carbohydrates are mostly “burned” to provide chemical energy needed for cellular functions.
Nice