SCERT Maharashtra Question Bank Solution Science 2
SCERT Maharashtra Question Bank Solution Science 2 all Questions and Answers for 10th Std. Subject Science and Technology 2. Here we have given accurate answers by Mahrashtra’s Top Teachers. All Questions Answers will helpful for Maharashtra SSC Exam 2023. इयत्ता १० वी प्रश्नपेढी २०२२ – २०२३.
Question Bank Answers Choose the correct option.
1) Transfer of information from molecules of DNA to mRNA is called _____ process.
A.) Translocation
B.) Translation
C.) Transcription.
D.) Differentiation
Answer: Transcription
Solution: Information about proteins stored in DNA is synthesised through RNA. This synthesis of RNA from DNA is called Transcription.
2) Similarities in initial stages indicate the _______ evidence.
A.) Connecting links
B.) Anatomical
C.) Embryological.
D.) Palaeontological
Answer: Embryological
Solution: According to embryological evidences, embryos of all vertebrates show similarities during the initial stages of development and then with growth these similarities decreases.
3) ______ is a vestigial organ in human beings.
A.) Wisdom teeth
B.) Ear muscles
C.) Body hairs
D.) All the above
Answer: All of the above
Solution: Vestigial organs like appendix, ear muscles, body hair and wisdom teeth are all degenerated or underdeveloped useless organs present in human being. These are non-functional in humans but may be functional in other organisms.
4) Protein located in bones is ______.
A.) Myosin
B.) Melanin
C.) Haemoglobin
D.) Ossein
Answer: Ossein
Solution: The protein present in our bones are called Ossein. Proteins like Melanin is present in our skin, myosin in our muscles and haemoglobin in our blood.
5) Which of the following vitamins is necessary for synthesis of NADH2 ?
A.) Vitamin B3
B.) Vitamin C
C.) Vitamin B2
D.) Vitamin K
Answer: Vitamin B3
Solution: Nicotinamide (vitamin B3) is necessary for the production of NADH2 . This production takes place in processes like glycolysis and krebs cycle.
6) _______ cells divide by mitosis.
A.) Somatic.
B.) Gametes
C.) Stem.
D.) Both A and C
Answer: Both A and C
Solution : Mitosis is a type of cell division that takes place in the Somatic and Stem cells of the human body.
7) The first step of karyokinesis is ________.
A.) Anaphase
B.) Telophase
C.) Metaphase.
D.) Prophase.
Answer : Prophase
Solution : Prophase is the first step of karyokinesisi.e nuclear division. In this step condensation of chromosomes begins that ultimately lead to disappearance of nuclear membrane and nucleolus.
8) _________ is not a part of mitosis.
A.) Anaphase
B.) Diplatin
C.) Prophase
D.) Cytokinesis
Answer : Diplatin
Solution: Mitosis include two main steps- karyokinesis and Cytokinesis. Prophase and Anaphase are two sub- parts of karyokinesis. Thus, the part which is not present in mitosis is diplatin.
9) We get _______ energy from lipids.
A.) 4cal / gm.
B.) 9cal/ gm
C.) 9 kcal/ gm.
D.) 4 kcal/gm.
Answer : 9 kcal/gm.
Solution: Lipids are substances formed chemically through the combination of fatty acids and alcohol. Our body gets 9 kcal/ gm of energy from lipids.
10) In Humans there are ___ pairs of chromosomes.
A.) 22.
B.) 23
C.) 44
D.) 46
Answer : 23
Solution: There are 23 pairs of chromosomes present in human body. Out of these are 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosome.
11) Which of the following is not a type of asexual reproduction in multicellular Organisms?
A.) Fragmentation
B.) Regeneration
C.) Budding
D.) Binary fission
Answer : Binary fission
Solution : Binary fission is the type of asexual reproduction that occurs in unicellular organisms whereas Fragmentation, regerneration and budding all are type of asexual reproduction that takes place in multicellular Organisms.
12)Find the odd one out:
A.) Stigma
B.) Anther
C.) Style
D.) Ovary
Answer: Anthers
Solution: Anthers are the parts of stamen that are the male reproductive organ of a flower whereas the female reproductive organ of a flower called carpel includes Stigma, Style and Ovary.
13)At the time of birth , there are _________oocytes in the ovary of a female foetus.
A.) 1 to 2 million
B.) 2 to 3 million
C.) 2 to 4 million
D.) None of these
Answer: 2 to 4 million
Solution : Women have 2-4 million of immature oocytes in ovaries at their time birth. From the age of puberty to until they attain menopause, every month an oocyte gets matured and is released from their body.
14) _________ modern remedial technique is used if there is a problem in Implantation of embryo in the uterus.
A.) Surrogacy.
B.) Sperm bank
C.) In vitro fertilization.
D.) None of these.
Answer : Surrogacy
Solution : Surrogacy is a technique where oocyte from the ovary of the women having problem in Implantation of embryo in their uterus, is collected which is then fertilized in a test tube and is implanted in the uterus of another women.
15) Implantation of the embryo occurs in ________.
A.) Uterus.
B.) Ovary
C.) Oviduct.
D.) Vagina
Answer: Uterus
Solution: Oocyte when released from the ovary of women is fertilized by the male sperm to form zygote then from it, embryo is formed which is implanted in the uterus of women where it develops.
16)In humans, sperm production occurs in the organ _______.
A.) Testes
B.) Scrotum
C.) Prostate gland.
D.) Ovaries.
Answer: Testes
Solution : The production of Sperm occurs in the testes of males. It begins in maturation till death.
17) Pregnant mother supplies nourishment to her foetus through _________.
A.) Uterus.
B.) Placenta
C.) Ovary
D.) Oviduct.
Answer : Placenta
Solution : Embryo develops in the uterus and the supply of food materials for the growth of the Embryo is conducted through an organ called placenta.
18) _________ twins are formed from a single embryo.
A.) Dizygotic
B.) Monozygotic
C.) Multiple zygote.
D.) Zygote
Answer : Monozygotic
Solution : Monozygotic twins occur when an egg is fertilized by a single sperm cell leading to the formation of a zygote. This zygote when splits into two parts, during its early period of development resulting in the formation of two Embryos from a single egg.
19)Pollen grains are formed by _________ division in locules of anthers.
A.) Meiosis
B.) Mitosis
C.) Amitosis.
D.) Binary.
Answer : Meiosis
Solution : Pollen grains are male gametes which are formed by meiotic division. In this type of division, chromosomes are reduced to half of the parent cell and haploid gametes are produced.
20) Asexual reproduction occurs by _________ cell division.
A.) Mitotic
B.) Meiotic
C.) Fertilization.
D.) Double fertilization.
Answer : Mitotic
Solution : Asexual reproduction is an uniparental reproduction which does not include the involvement of gametes. Thus, it occurs by Mitotic cell division where parent cell divides into two similar daughter cells.
21)This method of asexual reproduction is seen in paramecium.
A.) Transverse binary fission.
B.) Longitudinal binary fission
C.) Simple binary fission.
D.) Regeneration
Answer: Transverse binary fission
Solution : Binary fission is a process where the parent cell divides into two similar daughter cells. Paramecium divides by transverse binary fission, amoeba by simple binary fission and Euglena by longitudinal binary fission.
22) In meiosis, the number of chromosomes becomes _______.
A.) Multiple times.
B.) Triple
C.) Half.
D.) Double
Answer: Half
Solution : In Meiotic cell division, the number of chromosomes is reduced to half of the parent cells and haploid gametes are produced.
23) Generally, every month, ______ ovum is released in the abdominal cavity Alternately from each ovary.
A.) 1
B.) 2
C.) 3
D.) 4
Answer : 1
Solution : The abdominal cavity comprises all female reproductive organs which includes a pair of ovaries, a pair of oviducts, an uterus and a vagina. An ovum is released every month from each Ovary in the abdominal cavity.
24) ________ is present in unisexual flower.
A.) Both androecium and gynoecium
B.) Only androecium
C.) Only gynoecium
D.) Androecium or gynoecium
Answer : Androecium or gynoecium
Solution: A flower is said to be unisexual when either the Androecium or gynoecium is present. In case of male flower , only Androecium is present whereas if only gynoecium is present, then it is a female flower.
25) _________ is a chemical factor of abiotic components.
A.) Air.
B.) Water.
C.) Nutrients
D.) Sunlight
Answer : Nutrients
Solution : An example of chemical factor of Abiotic components is nutrients. On the other hand, air , water and Sunlight are all examples of physical factors of Abiotic components.
26) __________ is an organic compound of abiotic components.
A.) Proteins.
B.) Iron.
C.) Sodium.
D.) Oxygen
Answer: Proteins
Solution : Proteins are an organic compound of Abiotic components whereas iron, sodium and oxygen are all inorganic compounds.
27) _______ is a rare species.
A.) Lesserflorican
B.) Tiger
C.) Giant squirrel.
D.) Musk deer
Answer : Musk deer
Solution : An example of rare species is Musk deer. Lesser Florican is an endangered species. Tiger is an example of vulnerable species and an inderterminate species is giant squirrel.
28) _________ is an indeterminate species.
A.) Red panda.
B.) Lion
C.) Lion tailed monkey
D.) Giant squirrel
Answer : Giant squirrel
Solution : Giant squirrel is an inderterminate species. Others such as lion , lion tailed monkey and red panda are examples of vulnerable, endangered and rare species respectively.
29) Occurrence of diversity among the organisms of the same species is called _______ diversity.
A.) Species.
B.) Genetic
C.) Ecosystem.
D.) Animal
Answer : Generic
Solution : The existence of the same species of organisms in a diversity is called generic diversity. In Species diversity, different types of species exist in the nature . The ecosystem diversity refers to the interaction between plants and animals that occur in a particular region.
30) In modern civilization,——– has become a primary need.
A.) Food.
B.) Cloth
C.) Shelter.
D.) Energy
Answer : Energy
Solution : Food , cloth and shelter are primary human needs but with development and civilization Energy has been added to this list of primary needs. We need different forms of energy like mechanical energy, chemical energy, light energy , sound energy and heat energy .
31)Most electric power plants are based on the principle of _______.
A.) Electro induction.
B.) Magnetic induction.
C.) Electro- magnetic induction
D.) Electromagnet.
Answer : Electromagnetic induction
Solution: The principle of Electromagnetic induction was given by Michael Faraday. This principle states that changes in magnetic field of a conductor leads to generation of potential difference across the conductor.
32) Principle of Electromagnetic induction was invented by the scientist _______.
A.) Ohm.
B.) Michael Faraday
C.) Joule.
D.) Newton
Answer : Michael Faraday
Solution : The principle of Electromagnetic induction was invented by Michael Faraday. According to this principle, changes in magnetic field of a conductor leads to generation of potential difference across the conductor.
33) In the power plant based on nuclear energy _______ is used to rotate the Generator.
A.) Steam turbine.
B.) Air turbine
C.) Water turbine
D.) None of these.
Answer: Steam turbine
Solution : The use of turbine is to rotate the magnets of a generator. Steam turbines are used in power plant based on thermal and nuclear energy.
34) When a neutron is bombarded on an atom of uranium _______ neutrons Generated in this process.
A.) 1.
B.) 2.
C.) 3.
D.) 4.
Answer : 3
Solution: In this process of nuclear fission, the generation of three neutrons causes fission of three other Uranium- 235 atoms ,ultimately releasing even more energy.
35) Kinetic energy in flowing water drives _________ to generate electricity.
A.) Watermill.
B.) Windmill
C.) Turbines.
D.) Generator.
Answer : Turbines
Solution : In order to generate electricity through kinetic energy in flowing water, Turbines are used. These Turbines further help rotate the magnets of the generator to generate electricity.
36) Wind turbines with capacity are commercially available.
A.) 1 KW to 7 MW.
B.) 1 KW to 7 KW
C.) 1 KW to 7000 W
D.) 1 W to 7 MW
Answer : 1 KW to 7 MW
Solution : Wind turbines that are commercially available have capacity of 1KW to 7 MW. Wind turbines are machines that converts kinetic wind energy to electrical energy. They are installed at a site depending on the wind velocity of that area.
37) Solar photovoltaic cells convert the solar radiation energy directly into _____ Energy.
A.) Electrical
B.) Potential
C.) Kinetic
D.) Heat.
Answer : Electrical
Solution : The process of conversion of Electrical energy from solar radiation through solar photovoltaic cells are called Solar photovoltaic effect. The electrical energy generated through this process is called Direct current in nature, because it only flows in one direction.
38) A silicon solar cell of dimension 1 sq.cm. generates current of about ______.
A.) 50 mA
B.) 30 mA
C.) 50 A
D.) 30 A
Answer : 30mA
Solution : Solar cells are made of a material called semiconductor. For Example silicon. A silicon solar cell of dimension 1cm² generates electric current of about 30 mA and potential difference of 0.5V.
39) A silicon solar cell of dimension 1 sq.cm. generates ______ potential Difference .
A.) 0.1 V.
B.) 0.5 V.
C.) 0.1 mV.
D.) 0.5 mV.
Answer: 0.5V.
Solution : Solar cells are made of a material called semiconductor. For Example silicon. A silicon solar cell of dimension 1cm² generates electric current of about 30 mA and potential difference of 0.5V.
40) In nuclear power plants, neutrons are bombarded on atoms of ______.
A.) Uranium-236.
B.) Barium
C.) Krypton.
D.) Premium-235.
Answer: Uranium- 236
Solution : When neutrons are bombarded on atoms of Uranium-236 , it converts through nuclear fission into Barium and Krypton atoms. Three neutrons are generated in this process and more energy is released.
41)My body is soft and slimy, hence I am referred as ______ .
A.) Mollusca
B.) Echinodermata
C.) Annelida
D.) Arthropoda
Answer : Mollusca
Solution : Molluscs are animals with soft and slimy body. They are the second largest phylum and are unisexual. They live in water or land. Examples include Octopus, snail, bivalve etc.
42) Which of the following is a hermaphrodite animal?
A.) Doliolum
B.) Scorpion
C.) Centipede
D.) Cockroach
Answer : Doliolum
Solution : An example of hermaphrodite animal is Doliolum. Others like scorpion, centipede and cockroach are examples of Arthropoda.
43) Which of the following animals can regenerate it’s broken body parts ?
A.) Frog
B.) Starfish
C.) Sparrow
D.) Pigeon
Answer : Starfish
Solution : Starfish belongs to phylum Echinodermata. Animals in this category inhibits calcareous spines and can regenerate their body after breaking into Different parts.
44) Which of the following is a warm blooded (homeothers) animal?
A.) Bat
B.) Tortoise
C.) Wall lizard
D.) Crocodile
Answer: Bat
Solution : Bat is a warm blooded animal of the Mammalia class. On the other hand Tortoise, wall lizard and crocodile are all cold blooded animals.
45) My body is _______ shaped to minimize water resistance.
A.) Pointed
B.) Spindle
C.) Cartilaginous
D.) Flat
Answer : Spindle
Solution : Animals with spindle body shape belongs to class Pisces. These are aquatic animals and their body shape help minimize water resistance.
46) _______ animal is called a friend of farmers.
A.) Rabbit
B.) Cat
C.) Leech
D.) Earthworm
Answer: Earthworm
Solution: Earthworm also known as a friend of farmers, belongs to phylum Annelida. Animals in this class are long , cylindrical and metamerically segmented and have cuticle to cover their body.
47) Which of the following animals has a hard calcareous shell?
A.) Nereis
B.) Shark
C.) Bivalve.
D.) Herdmania
Answer : Bivalve
Solution : Bivalve is an animal with hard calcareous shell, that may be internal or external. It belongs to phylum mollusca and have soft and slimy body.
48) _________ acid is used in Production of vitamins .
A.) Citric
B.) Gluconic
C.) Lactic
D.) Itaconic
Answer : Lactic acid
Solution : Lactic acid is used in the production of B group vitamins. Citric acid is used to enhance the flavour and also act as a preservative agent. Gluconic acid adds bitterness in foods and itaconic acid is used as a flavouring agent.
49) Nowadays ,——— are used for treatment of diarrhoea and treatment of Poultry also.
A.) Yoghurt
B.) Probiotics
C.) Vinegar
D.) Cheese
Answer : Probiotics
Solution : Probiotics controls our metabolism and help in minimising the Ill effects of harmful substances formed during metabolic processes. Diarrhoea and poultry can be treated through the use of probiotics.
50) Yoghurt is a milk product produced with the help of ———.
A.) Lactobacilli
B.) Azotobacter
C.) Corynebacterium.
D.) Streptococcus.
Answer : Lactobacilli
Solution : Milk is fermented with the help of Lactobacilli. The lactose sugar inhibiting in milk is converted to Lactic acid and proteins present in milk is coagulated through Lactic acid.
51) —— is a powerful antibiotic against treatment of tuberculosis.
A.) Penicillin.
B.) Rifamycin
C.) Streptomycin.
D.) Bacitracin.
Answer : Rifamycin
Solution : Rifamycin is an effective antibiotic against tuberculosis. Antibiotics like penicillin, streptomycin and bacitracin are used for the treatment against variants of gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
52) ——– is used in the commercial bakery industry.
A.) Compressed yeast.
B.) Algae
C.) Bacteria
D.) Microbes
Answer : Compressed Yeast
Solution : In bakery industry, compressed Yeast is used for commercial use. It consists of carbohydrates, proteins, fat , vitamins and minerals.
53) ——- is a substance obtained by microbial processing that roles as Artificial sweetener.
- A) Nycin
B.) Lysine
C.) Xanthenes
D.) Xylitol
Answer : Xylitol
Solution : Xylitol plays the role of artificial sweetener obtained by microbial processing. Nycin acts as a microbial restrictor. Lysine and xanthene as protein binding and edible colours respectively.
54) At the earliest stage of development, the organism is in the form of a mass of A cell, which are almost alike, those cells are called ________.
A.) Stem cells
B.) RBC
C.) WBC
D.) None of these
Answer : Stem cells
Solution : All other types of cells present in our body arises from the stem cells. At the initial development, all cells look alike but during later development these cells form Different types of cells or tissues and carry out different functions in the body.
55) Which of the following is an important requirement in organ transplantation?
A.) Blood group of recipient
B.) Diseases of donor
C.) Age of donor
D.) All above.
Answer : All above
Solution : At the time of organ transplantation , factors like blood group of recipient, age of the donor, diseases, disorders etc are necessary requirements.
56) Availability of _____ is an important requirement in organ transplantation.
A.) Doctor
B.) Clinic
C.) Donor
D.) Ambulance.
Answer : Donor
Solution : Availability of donor is an important requirement at the time of organ transplantation along with other requirements such as age of the donor, blood group, disorders or diseases etc need to be paid attention.
57) The disease related with the synthesis of insulin is _______.
A.) Cancer
B.) Arthritis
C.) Heart disease
D.) Diabetes.
Answer : Diabetes
Solution : Diabetes is related with the synthesis of insulin. It can be treated using hormone insulin or controlled through meditation and having a healthy lifestyle.
58) Transgenic raw potatoes generate the immunity against _______ disease.
A.) Plague
B.) Cholera
C.) Leprosy
D.) TB
Answer : Cholera
Solution : With the help of biotechnology, edible vaccines are in progress and one such example is transgenic potatoes. Consumption of these helps to the body to generate immunity against diseases like E.coli and cholera.
59) ________ have valuable contributions in the green revolution in the USA.
A.) Dr. Norman Borlaug.
B.) Dr. Swaminathan.
C.) Dr.Argiss Currian.
D.) Dr. Hargovind Khurana.
Answer : Dr. Norman Borlaug
Solution : Dr. Norman Borlaug have valuable contributions in the green revolution in the USA. In India , Dr. M.S Swaminathan have valuable contributions. It was a revolution aimed at improving the quality and quantity of food in underdeveloped and developing countries.
60) Methods like artificial insemination and embryo transplant are mainly used For _________.
A.) Animal husbandry.
B.) Wild life
C.) Pet animals.
D.) Infertile women.
Answer : Animal husbandry
Solution : Artificial insemination and embryo transplant are the two main methods involved in animal husbandry. Through this process, both the quality and quantity of animal products also gets improved.
61) _______ is the revolutionary event in biotechnology after cloning.
- A) Human genome project
B.) DNA discovery
C.) Stem cell research
D.) All the above
Answer: Stem cell research
Solution : Stem cells have the ability to produce other types of cells present in our body. They serves to repair or replace any damaged cells in the body. The treatment of numerous diseases is now possible with the help of these stem cells.
62) Biotechnology integrated the toxin which is fatal for ______, was produced in Leaves and bolls of cotton.
A.) Bollworm
B.) Caterpillar
C.) Sparrow
D.) Frog
Answer : Bollworm
Solution : For commercial purposes through its techniques, biotechnology isolated a toxic gene from bacterium bacillus thuringiensis. This toxic gene was combined with the genome of Cotton, making the leaves and bolls of the plant fatal for Bollworms.
63) Cell _______ starts from 14th day of conception.
A.) Growth.
B.) Differentiation
C.) Development
D.) Division
Answer : Differentiation
Solution : The beginning of Differentiation of cells starts from 14th day of conception. Differentiation helps in the formation of cells like osteocytes (bone cells), hepatocytes (liver cells), and neurons.
64) The Government of India has encouraged _____ for improving the Productivity by launching the program NKM-16.
A.) Aquaculture.
B.) Poultry
C.) Piggery
D.) Apiculture
Answer : Aquaculture
Solution : Blue revolution refers to the production of aquatic plants and animals for commercial purposes. Indian government has also launched program like Nil Kranti mission in 2016 to encourage people in coastal areas for engaging in pisciculture, thereby increasing the their production.
65) _____ are present in the umbilical cord by which the foetus is joined to the Uterus of the mother.
A.) Stem cells
B.) Muscle cells
C.) Neuron cells
D.) Bone cells
Answer : Stem cells
Solution : Stem cells are specialized cells. These cells have the ability to produce other types of cells present in our body. These cells are also present in the umbilical cord through which a foetus is joined to the uterus of the mother.
66) For the purpose of preservation stem cell samples are kept in ——-.
A.) Liquid oxygen
B.) Hydrogen
C.) Liquid chlorine
D.) Liquid nitrogen
Answer : Liquid nitrogen
Solution : Stem cells, taken from sources like cord blood, red bone marrow or embryo are carefully preserved in liquid nitrogen at -135°C to -190°C.
67) Phenylketonuria arises due to genetic changes in ______ cells.
A.) Liver
B.) Intestine
C.) Pancreas
D.) Heart
Answer : Liver cells
Solution : Genetic changes in hepatocytes or liver cells gave rise to a birth defect called Phenylketonuria. It can be treated with the help of gene therapy.
68) ________ organism is used as biofertilizers.
A.) Thiobacillus
B.) Nostoc
C.) Saccharomyces
D.) Ischeria
Answer : Nostoc
Solution : Nostoc is a bacteria used as biofertilizer. Other bacteria like Rhizobium, Anabaena and Azotobacter also serves as biofertilizers. Azolla is a plant which is also used for the same.
69) Alcohol consumption mainly affects the ______ system.
A.) Nervous
B.) Excretory
C.) Respiratory
D.) Digestive
Answer : Nervous
Solution : Consumption of alcohol and intoxication of plant drug frequently can severely affect our nervous system, muscle system and heart.
70) Laughter club is a remedy to drive away _______.
A.) Addictions
B.) Stress
C.) Lethargy
D.) Epidemics
Answer : Stress
Solution : Laughter club is an activity newly adopted by people where by laughing out loudly , they relieve their mental stress.
71) _______ helps to improve concentration in the studies.
A.) Hobbies
B.) Sports
C.) Meditation.
D.) Eatables
Answer : Meditation
Solution : Meditation helps increase our focus and concentration level. It relieves us from all kind of stress. Meditating on a regular basis makes us more productive and sorted.
72) _______influence is stronger in case of adolescents.
A.) Teachers.
B.) Fathers
C.) Relatives.
D.) Peer group
Answer : Peer group
Solution : Peer pressure is one of the main factor that strongly influence an adolescent behaviours and activities. Belonging to a group, can affect an adolescent’s habits both positively as well as negatively.
73) Our _______ has been changed to some extent in the age of technology.
A.) Lifestyle
B.) Habit
C.) Circumstance
D.) Passion
Answer : Lifestyle
Solution : With the advancement of technology, our lifestyle has drastically changed. People now are more self centred and lacks prosocial behaviour. Everyone now deals with both physical and mental health issues.
74) Hobbies like _______ pet animals help to create a positive mindset.
A.) Feeding
B.) Transferring
C.) Rearing
D.) Looking
Answer : Rearing
Solution : Engaging oneself in activities that include the nature like rearing pet Animals, gardening, lingering in nature, birdwatching etc can be therapeutic in nature and boosts our confidence. People experience positivity around them by indulging in such activities.
75) Continuous consumption of ______ substances causes carcinogenic especially on the mouth and lung.
A.) Hot
B.) Sweet
C.) Spicy
D.) Tobacco like
Answer : Tobacco like
Solution : Tobacco is addictive due to the presence of nicotine in it. Consumption of tobacco can lead to many types cancer including cancer of the lungs, mouth, esophagus etc.
76) Alcoholic person lacks the _____ thinking.
A.) Straight
B.) Rational
C.) Universal
D.) Spiritual
Answer : Rational
Solution : Regular consumption of alcohol impairs a person’s ability to think rationally. Such persons faces physical illnesses along with mental, social and familial illnesses.
77) _____ may arise due to excessive use of mobile phones.
A.) Headache
B.) Problem in vision
C.) Joint pains
D.) All above
Answer : All above
Solution : Excessive use of mobile phones can cause different kind of physical problems such as headache, problem in vision, insomnia, forgetfulness, Joint pain etc . These problems mainly occurs due to the emission of radiation from mobile phones.
78) Liquor is produced from ______.
A.) Alcohol
B.) Glucose
C.) Acid
D.) Salt
Answer : Alcohol
Solution : Alcohol which is obtained through fermentation of substances produces liquor. This process needs to be carefully performed as any mistake can lead to production of poisonous liquor and its consumption can be fatal for the person.
79) Salaam Mumbai Foundation runs programs for _______ in a slum area.
A.) Education
B.) Tobacco
C.) Cyber crimes
D.) Domestic violence
Answer : Education
Solution : Salaam Mumbai Foundation is an organisation that encourages and empower children living in slums for education, sports, arts etc. Through this they run programs to help these children in improving their lifestyle and way of living conditions. This foundation has a long term goal of making a tobacco free society.
1 B) I) Find an odd one out.
1.) Transcription, Translation, Translocation, Mutation
Answer:Mutation
Solution: Mutation is the odd one out here. Transcription, translation and translocation are phases involved in protein synthesis.
2.) Leaf venation, Size of seeds, Leaf petiole, Leaf shape
Answer:Size of seeds
Solution: Leaf venation, leaf petiole and leaf shape are some of the characteristics that are common in most plants and these indicate their common ancestors, whereas size of seeds varies.
3.) Position of eyes, structure of bones of hand, structure of nostrils, structure of Ear pinna
Answer: Structure of bones of hand
Solution: There are similarities such as position of eyes, structure of nostrils and ear pinna etcthat common in almost all animals. But the structure of bones of hand in all varies.
4.) Human hand, flipper of whale, cat’s foreleg, wings of birds
Answer: Wings of birds
Solution: Human hand, flippers of whale and cat’s foreleg, all these features show anatomical evidences. They share similarity in Structures of bones and joints present in each organ. Thus, wings of birds is an odd one out here.
5.) Carrot, Raddish, Potato, Sweet potato
Answer: Potato
Solution: Carrot, raddish and sweet potato all are root vegetables or root tubers. But potato is a stem vegetable or stem Tuber.
6.) Budding, Regeneration, Binary fission, Fragmentation
Answer: Binary fission
Solution: Budding, regeneration and fragmentation are types of asexual reproduction that occurs in multicellular organisms whereas binary fission is usually performed by unicellular organisms.
7.) Vas efferens, Prostate gland, Epididymis, Vas deferens
Answer: Prostate gland
Solution: Vas efferents, epididymis and vas deferens are tubules present in testes of human male reproductive system.
8.) Prostate glands, Bartholin glands, Cowper’s gland, Seminal vesicle
Answer: Bartholin glands
Solution: Bartholin glands are present in the female reproductive system, located on the left and right side of the vaginal opening. Prostate gland, Cowper’s gland and seminal vesicles are organs of the male reproductive system.
9.) Stigma, Style, Pollens, Ovary
Answer: Pollens
Solution: The female reproductive part of the flower called carpel comprises the stigma, style and ovary. On the other hand, pollen consists of pollen grains that producesmale gametes.
10.) Hibiscus, Papaya, Sun-flower, Rose, Mango
Answer: Papaya
Solution: Papaya is a unisexual flower as it contain either male reproductive part or female reproductive part whereas hibiscus, sunflower, rose and mango are bisexual flower.
11.) Conservation, Pollution, Prevention, Control
Answer: Pollution
Solution: Conservation, pollution and control are steps involved in conserving the environment whereas pollution is an environmental problem.
12.) Hydroelectric energy, Solar energy, Atomic energy, Wind Energy
Answer: Atomic energy
Solution: Hydroelectric energy, solar energy and wind energy all can generate electricity but through atomic energy it is not possible.
13.) Silicon, Uranium, Petrol, Coal
Answer: Silicon
Solution: Generation of electricity based on coal, petroleum and uranium lead to environmental degradation. Burning of these causes air pollution. On the other hand electricity produced by using silicon does not results in Air or water pollution.
14.) Solar Photovoltaic cell, Electricity generation using wind energy, Hydroelectric Power plant , Solar thermal power plant
Answer: Solar photovoltaic cell
Solution: Electricity can be generated through wind energy, Hydroelectric power plant and solar energy. A solar photovoltaic cell is a device that converts energy of sunlight into Electrical energy.
15.) Water, Wind, Natural gas, Fossil fuel
Answer: Fossil fuels
Solution: Wind, water and natural gas are found in the nature in its natural states,whereasfossil fuelsare formed after the decomposition of plants and animals and are found in the earth’s crust.
16.) Edible oil, LPG, CNG, Crude oil
Answer: Edible oil
Solution: Unlike Fossil fuels like LPG, CNG and crude oil which are non renewable energy resources and harmful to the environment, edible oil is renewable and biodegradable.
17.) Coal, Natural gas, Plutonium, Crude oil
Answer: Plutonium
Solution: Crude oil, natural gases and coal is formed from the decomposition or remains of dead organisms whereas plutonium is produced in nuclear reactors.
18.) Tortoise, Crow, Lizard, Snake
Answer: Crow
Solution: Tortoise, lizard and snake belong to class reptiliaof the animal kingdom whereas Crow belongs to class aves.
19.) Peacock, Parrot, Kangaroo, Duck
Answer: Kangaroo
Solution: Kangaroo is from the Mammalia class whereas others belong to class aves.
20.) Human, Dolphin, Bat, Lizard
Answer: Lizard
Solution: Human, dolphin and bat are mammals but Lizard is a reptile.
21.) Cockroach, Butterfly, spider, honey bee
Answer: Spider
Solution: All of them are organisms belonging to phylum anthropodaof the animal kingdom but unlike cockroach, butterfly and honey bee , spider doesn’t possess wings.
22.) Star fish, Sea-urchin, Neris, Sea-cucumber
Answer: Nereis
Solution: Star fish , sea-urchin, sea cucumber are all echinoderms whereas Nereisbelongs to phylum Annelida.
23.) Tube -feet, Setae, Parapodia, Sucker
Answer: Tube feet
Solution: Animals in phylum Annelida have setae, parapodia and suckers for locomotion whereas Echinoderms perform locomotionthrough tube feet.
24.) Penicillin, Neomycin, Isomerase, Rifamycin
Answer: Isomerase
Solution: Penicillin, neomycin and Rifamycin are antibiotics but Isomerase is a microbial enzyme.
25.) Hydrolases, Lyases, Pepsin, Ligases
Answer: Pepsin
Solution: Pepsin is a digestive enzyme whereas hydrolase, lyases and ligases are microbial enzymes.
26.) Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Plants
Answer: Plants
Solution: Bacteria, viruses and fungi are useful to produce biopesticides. Thus, plant is a odd one out here.
27.) Khoa, Yoghurt, Butter, Cheese
Answer: Khoa
Solution: Dairy products like yoghurt, butter and cheese are formed with the help of microbes but khoa is formed from thickening of milk by heating.
28.) Lactobacillus, Acidophilus , Lactobacillus casei, Clostridium
Answer: Clostridium
Solution: Lactobacillus, Acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei are probiotics but clostridium is a type of harmful microbe.
29.) Frog, Earthworm, Pink bollworm, Insectivorous birds
Answer: Pink Bollworm
Solution: Earthworm, frog and insectivorous birds are called farmer’s friends as they helps in increasing the fertility of the soil.Thus, pink bollworm is an odd one out here.
30.) DDT, Urea, Malathion, Choloropyriphos
Answer: Urea
Solution: DDT, malathion and chloropyriphos are all pesticides. On the other hand urea is an organic fertilizer.
31.) Diabetes, Anemia, Leukemia, Thalassemia
Answer: Diabetes
Solution: In diabetes, cell therapy is used to replace dead cells with the help of stem cells present in the body. While in conditions like anaemia, leukaemia and thalassemia, stem cells are used to provide required blood cells.
32) Drying, Salting, Soaking with sugar, Cooking
Answer: Cooking
Solution: Drying, salting and soaking with sugar are all fruit processing methods, used to preserve them for a longer periodbut cooking is a method of preparing food by heatingto eat.
33.) D.D.T. Malathion, Chloropyriphos, Humus
Answer: Humus
Solution: Humus is an organic matter formed through the decomposition of organisms whereas DDT, malathion and chloropyriphos all are pesticides used to increase soil yields.
34.) Green revolution, Industrial revolution, Blue revolution, White revolution
Answer: Industrial revolution
Solution: Green revolution, blue revolution and white revolution are all related to agricultural development. Industrial revolution refers to development in manufacturing goods.
35.) Sodium, Aluminium, Phosphorus, Potassium
Answer: Aluminium
Solution: Phosphorus and potassium are macronutrient , primarily required for plants growth. Sodium is also a necessary nutrient required by few plants. Other than these nutrients,elements necessary for plant growth are water, Sunlight, microbes and biopesticides.
36.) Cheese, Curd, Ice-cream, Buttermilk
Answer: Ice cream
Solution: Cheese, curd and buttermilk are all dairy products, solely made out of milk. Ice cream is made up of more ingredients like milk, cream, sugar, flavouring agents etc.
37.) Pterisvitata, Rice, Indian Mustard, Sun-flower
Answer: Rice
Solution: Pterisvitata, Indian mustard and sun flower are useful in the formation of phyto-remediation but rice isn’t used for such purposes.
38.) Transport facilities, Social security, Counselling, Toilets
Answer: Counselling
Solution: Counselling helps people to deal with everyday problems. On the other hand transport facilities, social security and toilets are factors that can impact our social health.
39.) Tobacco, Laughter club, Alcohol consumption, Drugs
Answer: Laughter club
Solution: In a Laughter club, people try to deal and get relieve of various stresses that they encounter in their daily lives, by laughing out loud.On the other hand addiction to consumption of alcohol, Tobacco and intoxication of drugs may impact a person’s Physical and mental health.
1 B) III) Relate the following:
1.) Appendix : vestigial organ : : Peripatus : ——-
Answer:Connecting links
2.) Theory of evolution : Darwin : : —————-: Lamarck
Answer:Theory of inheritance of acquired characters or Lamarckism.
3.) Changes in the nucleotide of gene : Mutation : : Changes in the place of Ribosome : ————-
Answer: Translocation
4.) Amoeba : fission :: Hydra : ————
Answer: Budding
5.) Calyx : Sepals :: Corolla : ————
Answer: Petals
6.) Bisexual : Hibiscus :: Unisexual : ————
Answer: Papaya
7.) Follicle stimulating hormone : Development of oocyte :: Luteinizing hormone : ______________
Answer: Ovulation
8.) Accessory whorls : Calyx and corolla :: essential whorls: ————–
Answer: Androecium and gynoecium
9.) Earthquake : Natural factor : : Industrialization :: ____________
Answer:Man-made factor
10.) Hydroelectric power station : Water stored in dams :: Atomic power station :_________
Answer: Uranium
11.) Stove : Thermal energy :: Sewing machine : _____
Answer: Mechanical energy
12.) Power available from solar cells : DC :: power require to run domestic Equipments : ______
Answer: AC
13.) Thermal power generation : Air pollution :: Atomic power generation : ______
Answer:Radioactive pollution
14.) Tapeworm: Phylum Platyhelminthes :: Intestinal worms ______
Answer: Phylum- Aschelminthes
15.) Mammals : Breathing through lungs :: Pisces : ______
Answer: Breathing through gills
16.) Flat worms : Bisexual :: Round worms _______
Answer: Unisexual
17.) Porifera : Asymmetrical :: Cnidaria ______
Answer: Symmetrical
18.) Arthropoda : Largest phylum :: Mollusca: ______
Answer:Second largest phylum
19.) Lactobacillus :Yoghurt : : Baker’s yeast: _____
Answer: Saccharomyces cerevisiae
20.) Saccharomyces cerevisiae : Ethanol : : Aspergillusoryzae : _____
Answer: Soya sauce
21.) Lactic acid: To impart acidity : : Beta carotene: _____
Answer: Edible colours
22.) Gaseous fuel : Coal gas : : _____: Coal
Answer: Solid fuel
23.) White revolution :Increase in Milk production : : Blue revolution : ______
Answer: Increase in production of aquatic organisms.
24.) White revolution : Milk production : : Blue revolution : ______
Answer:Production of aquatic organisms
25.) Apiculture : Honey bees : : Cultivation of medicinal plants : ______
Answer:Adhatodavasica (Adulsa) and AzadirachtaIndica (Neem)
26.) Substances leading to addiction : Drugs : : Substances leading to cancer : ____
Answer: Tobacco
27.) Control on tobacco consumption : TATA trust : : Empowering children in slumArea : ______
Answer: Salaam Mumbai Foundation
1 B) V) Write whether true or false.
1.) The decaying process of c-14 occurs continuously in dead organisms only.
Answer:True
Solution:The decomposition of c-14 takes placecontinuously only in dead plants and animals, but in the case of living organisms c-14 or radiocarbon decays at a slow pace.
2.) Prokaryotic cells divide through mitosis or meiosis.
Answer:False
Solution:Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms without the nucleus, thus cells divide through the process of binary fission.
3.) Pollen tube reaches the embryo sac via style.
Answer: True
Solution: Pollen tubecarries the male gamete and releases into the Embryo sac for fertilization. It transfers the male gametes with the help of style.
4.) Sometimes twins are genetically different.
Answer: True
Solution: When two eggs are released from the ovary of women that are fertilized by two different male sperm , resulting in the formation of two separate zygotes. These develops into separate Embryos. Such twins are genetically different and are called Dizygotic twins.
5.) Pollen grains from anther are transferred on the stigma.
Answer: True
Solution: Pollination is a process of transferring pollen grains to the stigma from anther. This takes place with the help of biotic and abiotic agents.
6.) Environment is a broad concept.
Answer: True
Solution: Environment is a broad concept consisting of Abiotic, biotic, natural and artificial factors which affects the living organisms in any possible way residing within it.
7.) The power produced from solar cells is a DC.
Answer: True
Solution: By using the energy from sunlight, solar photovoltaic cells converts it into electrical energy. Such power generated is DC in nature.
8.) Electrical energy is generated
Answer: True
Solution: Electrical energy can be produced by using water, steam, wind, solar cells, nuclear energy, etc.
9.) While producing hydroelectric energy , there is no pollution
Answer:
Solution: Power generation using Hydroelectric energy does not involve combustion of fuels. Thus it does not lead to pollution.
10.) In a windmill, the rotating blades drive the turbine and the turbine in turn drives the generator to generate electricity.
Answer: True
Solution: The force of the wind on the blades of the windmill drives it to spin the rotor shaft of the Generator. The Generator then converts the kinetic energy to produce electricity.
11.) In nuclear power plants, the chain reaction can not be controlled.
Answer: False
Solution: In nuclear power plant, chain reactions can be controlled. This leads to release of thermal energy.
12.) The disposal of nuclear waste safely is a big challenge before scientists.
Answer: True
Solution: Nuclear wastes are formed after fission of nuclear fuel. Disposal of such waste is a challenge for scientists as they emit harmful radiation and are radioactive in nature.
13.) Efficiency of power generation plants based on energy of natural gas is higher than That of the power generation plant based on coal.
Answer: True
Solution: The calorific value of coal is less than natural gas and it produces less energy. Thus power generation plants based on natural gas has higher efficiency than plants based on coal. Also natural gas causes less Pollution than coal.
14.) In a hydroelectric power plant, the potential energy in water stored in a dam is Converted into kinetic energy.
Answer: True
Solution: Hydroelectric power is a renewable source of energy that uses dam for generating electricity. Hydroelectric power plant converts the potential energystored in water reservoir into kinetic energy.
15.) In nuclear power plants turbines working on solar panels are used.
Answer: False
Solution: Steam turbinesare used in nuclear power plant to rotate the Generator and thereby producing electricity.
16.) The potential difference available from a solar cell depends on its area.
Answer: False
Solution: The potential difference available from a solar cell is does not depend on its area. It is independent of its area.
17.) Tentacles are used for capturing the prey.
Answer: True
Solution: Tentacles in Coelenterata are useful for capturing their prey
18.) Petromyzon is an endoparasite.
Answer: False
Solution: Petromyzon is an ectoparasite which belongs to the subphylum vertebrata.
19.) Locomotion of starfish takes place through pseudopodia.
Answer: False
Solution: Locomotion in starfish takes place with the help of tube feet which is also helpful in capturing their prey.
20.) Classification of animals makes it easy to study the vast variety of animals.
Answer: True
Solution: Classification of animalsmakes it convenient to understand the vast variety of animals, their evolution, habitats, along with their relationship with other organisms.
21.) Shelf life of yogurt can be increased by pasteurization.
Answer:True
Solution: Pasteurisation is a process where milk or milk productsare heated to destroy unwanted microbes present in it , thereby increasing it’s shelf life and probiotic properties.
22.) Vinegar is used to bring sweetness in food products.
Answer: False
Solution: Vinegar is used to impart tart taste in food products. It is also used as a preservative agent.
23.) Methane gas is produced by microbial oxidation of industrial waste.
Answer: False
Solution: Methane is formed from the decomposition ofmicrobes that occurs in the absence of atmospheric oxygen.
24.) Spinosad is a biopesticide.
Answer: True
Solution: Spinosad is a by-product of fermentation, which is used as a biopesticideto protect a wide range of crops from pests.
25.) Sulphuric acid is a source of energy for some species of bacteria like Acidophilum.
Answer: True
Solution: Bacteria like Acidophilum uses sulphuricacid as a source of energy and utilizesto reduce itsconcentration, thereby controlling soil pollution caused by acid rain.
26.) Microbes have the natural ability of decomposing the man made chemicals.
Answer: True
Solution: Microbes are natural decomposers. They inhibit the ability to produce complex products from simple substance and to decompose such complex materials including man made chemicals.
27.) Antibiotics cannot be obtained from a variety of bacteria and fungi.
Answer: False
Solution: Antibiotics for various human and animal diseases are obtained from a variety of bacteria and fungi like penicillin, cephalosporins, monobactam, bacitracin, erythromycin, gentamycin, neomycin etc.
28.) Non-genetic technology involves mutations in cell genes.
Answer: False
Solution: When cell’s gene changes, it can be Non-genetic or genetic. Mutation can takes place through parents and any other chemicals.
29.) Earlier insulin was being collected from the pancreas of horses.
Answer: True
Solution: Insulin is a hormone that is used in the treatment of diseases like diabetes. Earlierit was obtained from the pancreas of horses.
30.) Various essential elements like N, P, K are made available to crop by earthworms And fungi.
Answer: True
Solution: The upper layer of the soil is formed by humus formation which consists of essential elements like N,P,K that are available due to the presence of earthworms And fungi in soil.
31.) We don’t have any tradition of curing disease with the help of natural resources.
Answer: False
Solution: In India, we have since earlier times collected medicinal plants to cure various kinds of diseases. This tradition of Ayurveda is still very prevalent and recently people are engaged in cultivation of medicinal plants.
32.) Malaria is caused due to genetic disorder taking place in liver cells.
Answer: False
Solution: Phenylketonuria is caused due to genetic changes in hepatocytes or liver cells. Malaria on the other hand, is caused by parasites infected through mosquito bites.
33.) Pseudomonas bacteria can separate the hydrocarbon and oil pollutants from soil And water.
Answer: True
Solution: Bioremediation is a biotechnological techniques where microbes help in the destruction of harmful pollutants and toxic chemicals. Pseudomonas is one such bacteria.
34.) A gene isolated from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis and is integrated with The genome of cotton.
Answer: True
Solution: With the help of biotechnology to produce BT cotton, the gene that produces toxin is isolated from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis and it is then integrated with the gene of the cotton plant.
35.) High class of varieties of crops have been developed through the techniques of Organ transplantation.
Answer: False
Solution:Using techniques like tissue culturehas proved to be helpful in developing high varieties of crops.
36.) Genetically modified crops have low resistance for disease.
Answer: False
Solution: Genetically modified crops have been modified with certain traits like high resistance to diseases, alkalinity, environmental conditions like droughts and cold.
37.) Vaccines produced with the help of biotechnology do not remain active for a longer Duration.
Answer: False
Solution: Vaccines produced with the help of biotechnology remain active for longer Duration and hence are thermo stable in nature.
38.) Children who watch cartoon films may imitate the characters of those films.
Answer: True
Solution: Media and modern technologies have both positive and negative impact on children as well as adults. Children learn through observation or modelling others. It is quite evident that children do imitate the characters of cartoon films they watch frequently.
39.) Tobacco chewing does not cause a carcinogenic effect on mouth and lungs.
Answer: False
Solution: Consumption of Tobacco causes a carcinogenic effect on mouth and lungs of the person who consumes more often.
40.) Stress increases due to more laughing.
Answer: False
Solution: Laughter reduces the level of stress hormones. This is a reason why people nowadays join laughter clubs where they try to relieve their stress by laughing out loudly.
Q.1 B)VI) Match the following .
| 1.Column A | Column B |
| 1)Morphological evidences | a) Tail-bone or wisdom teeth |
| 2)Paleontological evidences | b) Leaf venation |
| c)Fossils |
ANSWER:
| Column A | Answer |
| 1)Morphological evidences | Leaf venation |
| 2)Paleontological evidences | Fossils |
| 2.Column A | Column B |
| 1)Polluting energy | a) smoke particles |
| 2) Environment friendly energy. | b)thermal energy |
| c)wind energy |
ANSWER:
| Column A | Answer |
| 1)Polluting energy | Thermal energy |
| 2) Environment friendly energy. | Wind energy |
| 3.Column A | Column B |
| 1)Sunlight | a)Wind energy |
| 2)Natural gas | b) Environment friendly energy. |
| c) Fossil fuel | |
| d)Atomic radiation |
ANSWER:
| Column A | Answer |
| 1)Sunlight | Environment friendly energy |
| 2)Natural gas | Fossil fuel |
| 4.Column A | Column B |
| 1.Aspartame | a. anaerobic respiration |
| 2.Fermentation | b. microbial restrictor |
| 3.Niacin | c. Vanillin |
| 4.Essence | d. sweetener |
ANSWER:
| Column A | Answer |
| 1.Aspartame | sweetener |
| 2.Fermentation | anaerobic respiration |
| 3.Niacin | microbial restrictor |
| 4.Essence | Vanillin |
| 7.Column A | Column B |
| 1.Baker’s yeast | a. Probiotics |
| 2.sauerkraut- | b. Bread |
| 3.Liasages | c. Antibiotics |
| 4.Penicillin | d. Microbial enzyme |
ANSWER:
| Column A | Answer |
| 1.Baker’s yeast | Bread |
| 2.sauerkraut- | Probiotics |
| 3.Liasages | Microbial enzyme |
| 4.Penicillin | Antibiotics |
| 8.Column A (Living organism) | Column B (substance thatabsorbs) |
| 1.Pseudomonas | a. Radaitions |
| 2.Pteris vitata | b. Hydrocarbons |
| c. Arsenic | |
| d. Uranium |
ANSWER:
| Column A | Answer |
| 1.Pseudomonas | Hydrocarbons |
| 2.Pteris vitata | Arsenic |
| 9.Column A (Living organism) | Column B(substance thatabsorbs) |
| 1.Indian mustard | a. Radaitions |
| 2.Deinococcus radiodurans | b. Selenium |
| c. Arsenic | |
| d. Uranium |
ANSWER:
| Column A (Living organism) | Column B(substance thatabsorbs) |
| 1. Indian mustard | Selenium |
| 2.Deinococcus radiodurans | Radaitions |
1) B) VII) Define.
1.) Translation
Answer:A process of proteins synthesis where information in mRNA is converted into a sequence of amino acids.
2.) Translocation
Answer:During translation, when ribosomes moves withinmRNA from one place to another by a distance of one triplet codon is called the process of translocation.
3.) Mutation
Answer: Changes or alternation in the DNA sequence of the genome of an organism is called Mutation.
- Fragmentation
Answer: Fragmentation refers to a type of asexual reproduction that takes place in multicellular organisms where an organism gets divided into many fragments and each fragment later develop into
5.) Vegetative Propagation
Answer: In plants, reproduction occurs with the help of stem ,root, leaf and bud which are called vegetative parts. This type of reproduction is called vegetative reproduction.
6.) Fertilization
Answer: Fertilization is a process of zygote formation from the fusion of male and female gametes.
- Regeneration
Answer: Regeneration is a type of asexual reproduction where an organism breakinto parts and after a period of time that broken part is restored or replaced.
8.) inflorescence
Answer: Inflorescence refers to a cluster of flower that are attached to a branch system called the floral axis.
9.) Electromagnetic Induction
Answer:The principle of Electromagnetic induction was invented by Michael Faraday. According to this principle, changes in magnetic field of a conductor leads to generation of potential difference across the conductor.
10.) Nuclear fission
Answer: On bombardment when a heavy nucleus of a radioactive atom spontaneously splits into two or more nuclei thereby releasing a large amount of energy. This process of nuclear reaction iscalled nuclear fission.
11.) Vaccine
Answer: Vaccine act as an antigen, it is asubstance that is given to stimulate the production of antibiotics and form immunity against a disease.
12.) Biotechnology
Answer: Biotechnology is a branch of biology which involves utilising living organisms to produce products that are useful to mankind.
13.) Stem cells
Answer:Stem cells are specialized cells. These cells have the ability to produce other types of cells present in our body. At the initial development, all cells look alike but during later development these cells form Different types of cells or tissues and carry out different functions in the body.
14.) Cloning
Answer: Cloning is a technique that is used to produce an identical copy or replica of an organ, tissue, cell of an organism or replica of an entire organism.
15.) DNA fingerprint
Answer: DNA fingerprinting is a method that is used for identification. Using this technique, an identity of a person can be established as DNA sequence is unique in every person and so as their fingerprint.
16.) Genetic treatment
Answer: Genetic treatment or gene therapy is a technique in biotechnology which involves treatment of various generic disorders by replacing faulty genes present in our body with healthy ones.
17.) Diversity
Answer: Biological diversity or biodiversity refers to varieties of flora and fauna present in the environment.
18.) Social health
Answer:Social health refers to our ability to interact with people around us and to form interpersonal relationships with them. It involves adapting oneself to changing social circumstances.
19.) First aid
Answer: First aid refers to the primary or immediate care given to a person, in case of emergencybefore actual medical treatment is provided.
1 B) VIII) Answer in one sentence:
1.) What is gamete formation ?
Answer: Gametes are formed through meiosis where the number of chromosome is reduced to half.
2.) Write the types of twins.
Answer: Monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins are the two main types of twins.
3.) Write any two- Sexually transmitted diseases.
Answer: Two sexually transmitted diseases are syphilis and gonorrhoea.
4.) What determines whether the two organisms of a species will be exactly similar Or not?.
Answer: Reproduction method and DNA determine whether the two organisms of a species will be exactly similar or not.
5.) How are the sperms formed ?
Answer: Male testes have tiny tubes called seminiferous tubules which contain germ cells that are divided to produce sperm
6.) How is the semen produced ?
Answer: Semen is formed of Sperm and the secretions of prostate gland, Cowper’s gland and seminal vesicles.
7.) Which are the components of pollination ?
Answer: There are 2 components of pollination – abiotic agents like wind, water and biotic agents like insects and other animals.
8.) Which parts are converted into Seed and fruit respectively after fertilization ?
Answer: Ovule and Ovary are converted into seed and fruit respectively after fertilization.
9.) What does germination mean ?
Answer:Germination refers to a method in which an living organism grows from a reproductive structure or a seed.
10.) Write the name of the type of reproduction in the following figure.
Answer: The type of reproduction in the following figure is budding.
11.) How can plants and animals save themselves from extinction?
Answer: Genetic variations in living organisms help them to adjust or adapt to changing environment and increases their chances of survival.
12.) Name the three types of asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms.
Answer: The three types of asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms are binary fission, multiple fission and budding.
13.) Write the functions of-.
I)Ovary ii) sepals iii) penis iv) Seminal vesicle
Answer:
- Ovary- Organ present in female reproductive system that produces female gametes.
- Sepals- Act as defensive organ that protects the inner whorls of a flower.
- Penis- A male reproductive organ that produces and transfers spermto female reproductive part during sexual reproduction.
- Seminal vesicle- Gland present in male reproductive system that produces semen and
14.) What does ecosystem mean?
Answer: Ecosystem consists of biotic or living components like plant, animals etc and abiotic or non living components like water, wind.
15.) What is indicated by this symbol ?
Answer: This symbol indicates 3R’s this is, reduce, reuse and recycle.
16.) Write any two man made man made factors affecting the environment.
Answer: Two man-made factors affecting the environment are deforestation and fast industrialization.
17.) The animal in figure ,belongs to which endangered species?
Answer: The animal in figure is lion tailed monkey that belongs to endangered species.
18.) Write the advantages of the Hydroelectric Power project.
Answer:It is a renewable source of energy that causes no pollution and the construction of dams provides irrigation and controls flood.
19.) Write the problems associated with hydroelectric power projects.
Answer: It creates problems of forced migration of local people, submerging of villages and forests and can have adverse effects on river creatures.
20.) Write the merits of atomic energy.
Answer: It generates Electricity with zero Carbon emission and causes low pollution
21.) Write the demerits of an atomic energy plant .
Answer: It has huge risk of nuclear accidents and releases harmful radioactive waste. It is a non renewable source of energy.
22.) Draw the flowchart showing generation of electrical energy.
Answer: Source of energyto run turbine – Turbine – Generator – Electrical energy
23.) Which substance is used as fuel in nuclear power plants?
Answer: The substance which is widely used as fuel in nuclear power plants is Uranium.
24.) Energy from fossil fuels and nuclear plants are not eco friendly sources, why ?
Answer:Electricity generation based on fossil fuels and nuclear plants are not eco friendly sources as they lead to environmental degradation.
25.) Solar promoters are important, why ?
Answer: Solar promoters are important because they are clean source of energy that does not lead to environmental degradation.
26.) In fuels coal and natural gas which one is eco friendly ? why?
Answer: Natural gas is more eco friendly as upon burning it leads to less Pollution than burning coal.
27.) State the importance of inverters.
Answer: Inverters are electronic devices that help in converting DC solar power into AC power.
28.) Why are control pods used in nuclear reactors ?
Answer: Control pods are used during nuclear fission to control the chain reaction of atoms like uranium or Plutonium.
29.) What is green energy ? Which energy source can be called a green energy Source?
Answer: Energy sources that are renewable and eco friendly in nature are called green energy. Energy sources like water reservoirs, Sunlight, wind , biofuels etc can be called as green energy Sources.
30.) Explain: Fossil energy is not an example of green energy.
Answer: Fossil Energy is not an example of green energy as burning of these results inenvironmental degradation.
31.) Which animal has three pairs of legs ?
Answer: Cockroach has three pairs of legs.
32.) In how many parts is the body of Hemichordates divided ?
Answer:The body of Hemichordates is divided intothree parts called proboscis, collar & trunk.
33.) Write any one cold blooded animal you know.
Answer: Wall lizard is a cold blooded animal.
34.) Spongila bears numerous pores on their body .What are those pores called?
Answer:Spongila bears pores called‘Ostia’ and ‘Oscula’.
35.) What are the animals having vertebral columns in their body called as ?
Answer:Animals having vertebral columns in their body are called vertebrates/ vertebrata.
36.) The body of the animal in which phylum is radially symmetrical and Diploblastic?
Answer:Thebody of the animal in Phylum – Coelenterata/Cnidaria is radically symmetrical and Diploblastic.
37.) Write the name of the animal having pseudocoelom .
Answer:Ascaris(Intestinal worms), filarial worms and loa loa (eye worm) are some animals having pseudocoelom.
38.) Which animal doesn’t have a neck ?
Answer: Frog doesn’t have a neck.
39.) What is the length of a hookworm?
Answer: Hookworms are 8-15mm in length
40.) How does the animal in the figure protect itself ?
Answer: Sea anemone protect themselves against prey by injecting toxin in their body with the help of Cnidoblast.
41.) What are the locomotory organs of the animal given in the picture ?
Answer: The animal in the picture is starfish and it performs locomotion with the help of tube feet.
42.) Which fungus is used to make soya sauce by fermentation?
Answer: Aspergillus Answer is used to make soya sauce by fermentation.
43.) Why does the process of dirt removal occur in detergents even at low
Temperature ?
Answer: The process of dirt removal occur in detergents even at low temperature due to mixing of enzymes.
44.) What is added to impart thickness to instant soup ?
Answer: Xanthan gum is added to impart thickness to instant soup.
45.) Which chemical substances get mixed with the soil by adding chemical Pesticides and insecticides in the agricultural industry?
Answer: Chemicals like Fluoroacetamide are mixed with the soil by adding chemical Pesticides and insecticides in the agricultural industry.
- Which microbes convert uranium to its insoluble salts ?
Answer: Geobacter are microbes that converts uranium to its insoluble salts.
47.) Write the names of two chronic diseases.
Answer: AIDS and T.B are two chronic diseases.
48.) Complete the following table.
Type of disaster Effects
- A) …………… injuries, emotional and mental stress,Outbreaks of epidemics, deaths of victims.
B.) Environmental…………………………………
Answer:
Type of disasterEffects
A.) MedicalInjuries, emotional and mental stress, Outbreaks of epidemics, deaths of victims.
B.) Environmental building collapses, water sources dry out and even gets contaminated, stinky pollution of environment.
49.) Correct the given statement and rewrite it.
An effect of disaster on economic leadership is that if local leadership is not Strong enough, citizens get confused.
Answer: An effect of disaster on Social leadership is that if local leadership is not Strong enough, citizens get confused.
Q.2 A) Give Scientific reason:
- Some of the characters of the parents are seen in their offspring.
Answer:Some of the characters of parents are seen in the offspring because the genes responsible for some characters are transferred from the parents to their children. The genes from both the male and female gametes from the parents fuse to form a new individual having some characters of mother and some characters of father. This process of passing down of characters or traits from parents to offspring is referred to as heredity.
- Peripatus is said to be the connecting link between annelida and arthropoda.
Answer: Peripatus is said to be the connecting link between annelida and arthropoda because it shows the morphological characteristics of both the groups. Peripatus possesses the characteristics like segmented body, thin cuticle, and parapodia like organs similar to annelids. These also show tracheal respiration and open circulatory system similar to arthropods.
- Vertebrates have slowly originated from invertebrates.
Answer: According to the carbon dating used to estimate the age of fossils and manuscripts it was assumed that the invertebrates were present many years before the vertebrates. As stated by the palaeontological studies, invertebrates were mainly found in the Palaeozoic era while the vertebrates were more common in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic era. These evidences can be helpful in concluding that vertebrates have slowly originated from the invertebrates.
- Duckbill Platypus shows relationship with mammals.
Answer: Duckbill platypus is a connecting link between reptiles and mammals; hence it shows relationship with mammals. Duckbill platypus has some characters similar to mammals like presence of mammary glands and hair.
- We feel tired after exercising.
Answer: While heavy exercising, oxygen in the muscles decreases which leads to anaerobic respiration i.e., incomplete oxidation of glucose. Anaerobic respiration leads to accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles and less amount of energy is produced. That is why we feel tired after exercising.
- Oxygen is necessary for complete oxidation of glucose.
Answer: Oxidation of glucose starts with the process of glycolysis, which produces pyruvate. If sufficient oxygen is present the pyruvate enters the Tricarboxylic acid cycle for further oxidation. But if sufficient oxygen is not present the produced pyruvate is converted into lactic acid or ethanol by the process of fermentation. Complete oxidation of glucose also gives more energy as compared to the incomplete oxidation. Thus, oxygen is necessary for complete oxidation of glucose.
- Fibers are one of the important nutrients.
Answer: We get fibers from the food sources like leafy vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, cereals, etc. Even though our body cannot digest fibers, they usually help in the digestion of other substances and egestion of undigested substances. It is also known to maintain the body’s sugar level. Hence intake of fibers in our food is very necessary.
- Cell division is one of the very important properties of cells and living organisms.
Answer: Cell division is one of the very important properties of cells and living organisms because it helps in the growth of living organism by increasing the number of cells. When a part of tissue gets injured, new cells are formed there only because of cell division. In some organisms like amoeba, cell division is also a form of reproduction to produce new offspring. Formation of a completely new organism from a single cell for example zygote is possible only with the help of cell division.
- Some higher plants, animals and aerobic microorganisms also sometimes perform anaerobic respiration.
Answer: Even though the energy produced by anaerobic respiration is very little as compared to aerobic respiration, some higher plants, animals and aerobic microorganisms sometimes perform anaerobic respiration. They perform anaerobic respiration only when there is very less amount of oxygen present in the environment due to some kind of stressful conditions.
- Kreb’s cycle is also called as citric acid cycle.
Answer: Acetyl-CoAis derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the process of glycolysis, which enters the mitochondria to start the Kreb’s cycle. The Acetyl-CoA reacts with oxaloacetic acid to produce a six-carbon compound called citric acid. Since the first product of Kreb’s cycle is a citric acid, it is called the citric acid cycle.
- Flower is a structural unit of sexual reproduction
Answer: Flowers are the structural unit of sexual reproduction because they consist of four floral whorls namely calyx, corolla, androecium and gynaecium. All these whorls in some or the other way help in sexual reproduction. Corolla helps in attracting the bees or flies, androecium is the male reproductive part and gynaecium is the female reproductive part.
- Older women are more likely to give birth to children with some abnormalities.
Answer: In case of a female, 2-3 million immature oocytes are formed before the birth and no new oocytes are added after birth. Once the female reaches puberty, one oocyte matures and is released every month till the menopause. Therefore, in older women the number of oocytes is less and chances are there that they might have exhausted the capacity to divide properly. Improper division of the oocyte during meiosis can cause genetic abnormalities.
- Fertilisation in plants is called double fertilisation.
Answer: In plants, as the pollen grain falls upon the sticky stigma, the long pollen tube formed carries the two male gamete along the style into the embryo sac. Inside the embryo sac one of the male gamete fuses with the egg cell to form the zygote and the second male gamete fuses with the two polar nuclei to form the endosperm. Since, there are two fertilisations involved, it is called double fertilisation.
- There is a menopause when women are 45-50 years old.
Answer: Since the number of oocytes are fixed at the time of birth of female, the oocytes get exhausted by the age of 45-50 years. Along with that, at 45-50 years of age secretions of hormones controlling the functions of female reproductive system either stops or becomes irregular. Secretion levels of estrogen and progesterone changes leading to menopause.
- The new individual produced by sexual reproduction always has the recombined genes of both the parents.
Answer: In sexual reproduction, the male gamete can possibly carry either X chromosome or Y chromosome and the female gamete can carry only X chromosome. The haploid male and female gametes then fuse to form a zygote, which has one set of chromosomes from the male parent and the other set of chromosomes from the female parent. This zygote then develops into a new individual; hence it is said that the new individuals produced by sexual reproduction always has the recombined genes of both the parents.
- Pollution is a very broad concept.
Answer: Pollution is a very broad concept. We come across various kinds of pollution like air, water, soil, sound, thermal, light daily of which we are knowingly or unknowingly responsible for. But above all, the ultimate adverse effects of all kinds of pollution are on the very existence of the living organisms. Thus, we should be focusing on reducing those reckless activities that increase pollution and focus more on conservation of the environment.
- The role of human beings in environmental balance is important.
Answer: Human beings have a major role in maintaining the environmental balance. Some of the human activities can cause unnecessary and unacceptable changes in the surrounding environment, which will be eventually harmful for the humans and other innocent living organisms. Therefore, humans should be thinking about sustainable development as well start practising environmental conservation right away so that the environmental balance is well maintained.
- The various food chains in the ecosystem maintains the environmental balance.
Answer:The food chain existing in the ecosystem creates an opportunity for the interaction between the producers, consumers and the decomposers. In a normally functional food chain, the population in each level is balanced which in turn helps in the balance of the environment. Therefore, if even a little disturbance is created in the any of the trophic levels, the population of other trophic levels will either decrease or increase creating imbalance in the environment. Hence, we can say that various food chains in the ecosystem maintains the environmental balance.
- Without the existence of nature, human existence is almost impossible.
Answer: Human existence is clearly impossible without the existence of nature because humans are significantly reliant on the nature for various resources like air, water, food, fuel, and most importantly the oxygen that we inhale to stay alive. But the usage of these important resources recklessly will cause exhaustion of these resources thus becoming threat to the very existence of humans. Therefore, conserving our nature is of utmost importance to us.
- The schematic of a turbine also varies according to the type of power generation.
Answer: In the process of generation of electricity, the turbine which is connected to a proper energy source causes the magnet of the generation to rotate thus producing the electric energy. As the type of power generation varies, they type and design of the turbine also changes. For example, in case of a thermal power plant the energy in the steam drives the turbine, while in case of a hydroelectric powerplant the kinetic energy from the flowing water is used to run the turbine. The turbines are hence designed according to the different types of power stations.
- It is essential to control the process of nuclear fission in a nuclear power plant.
Answer: In the nuclear power plant, initially neutron is bombarded with Uranium 235 which gets converted into its isotope Uranium 236. Uranium 236 being extremely unstable gets converted into atoms of Barium and Krypton by the process of nuclear fission releasing three neutrons and energy. These three neutrons generated cause the fission of three other Uranium 235 atom thus releasing more energy. This nuclear fission reaction keeps on going and hence is called the chain reaction. Hence, if this is not controlled this chain reaction will keep on going.
- It is possible to produce energy from mW to MW using solar photovoltaic cell.
Answer:Many photovoltaic cells connected or solar panels connected in series form a solar string, and many solar strings connected in parallel form a solar array. Many solar panels are connected in series and in parallel to generate required current and potential difference. Hence it is possible to produce energy from mW to MW using solar photovoltaic cell.
- Hydropower, solar energy and wind energy are called renewable energy.
Answer: The energy that comes from the natural resources that are not depleted when used are known as renewable energy. In other words, it can also be said that the energy produced from natural resources that are in exhaustible are renewable energy. In case of hydropower energy, the energy is obtained from water and in case of solar energy, it is obtained from sunlight or solar energy and finally in case of wind energy, it is obtained from natural wind. In all these cases the resources are natural and inexhaustible. Therefore, hydropower, solar energy and wind energy are all called renewable energy.
- Energy saving is the need of the hour.
Answer: Since the resources from which energy is generated are being depleted in a very rapid rate, this will in future lead to complete exhaustion of resources if not used in a controlled and optimum manner. Hence, energy saving is the need of the hour. If proper steps are not taken immediately our future generation will have to suffer and will be left with very little resources. As the citizens, we can use these resources in an optimum manner and move towards sustainable development.
- Earthworm is said to be a farmer’s friend.
Answer: Earthworm help in the decomposition of dead organic matter present in the soil. While moving through the soil they ingest the soil and enrich the soil with their excretory products which because of its nutritional value acts as fertiliser. As they move through the soil in a wiggling movement, they tend to loosen up the soil which helps the roots of the crops to perfectly and thus providing with ample amount of oxygen. So, the earthworms are said to be the farmer’s friend
- Body temperature of reptiles is not stable.
Answer: Reptiles are cold blooded animals or poikilotherms, which means that they cannot regulate their body temperatures. Their body temperature conforms with the temperature of the environment. For example, if the environmental temperature is high their body temperature will also become high and if the environmental temperature is low their body temperature will also become low. Hence these animals tend to escape that particular environment in order to survive.
- Our body irritates if it comes in contact with a jellyfish.
Answer: Tentacles present around the mouth of the jelly fish which are useful for capturing the prey, bear cnidoblasts. Cnidoblasts contains toxins which are injected into the prey body and these are also often used in protection from predators. Hence, when the human body comes in contact with the jelly fish, it produces these toxins as a protection measure and this causes irritation to our skin.
- Though tortoise lives on land as well as in water, it cannot be included in class amphibia.
Answer: Even though the tortoise lives on land as well as in water, it is not included in amphibian class because tortoise have neck while having neck is not a characteristic of amphibians. Tortoise also are seen to have claws while amphibians don’t have claws. Exoskeleton is absent in amphibians, while its present in tortoise. Because of all of these reasons tortoise cannot be included in the amphibian class.
- Probiotics have got more importance in recent times.
Answer: Probiotics are also milk products, but they contain active bacteria. They have gained more importance in recent times because they form colonies of useful microbes in alimentary canal and control other microbes and their metabolic activities, improve resistance and lower the ill effects of harmful substances formed during metabolic activities. Probiotics make those microbes active again which were inactivated by the effect of antibiotics. Probiotics are nowadays used for the treatment of diarrhoea.
- Bread and products made using commercial yeast are nutritious.
Answer: Compressed yeast is usually used in commercial baking industries. This yeast which is available in dry granular form contains various useful contents like carbohydrates, fats, proteins, various vitamins and minerals. The nutritional yeast also contains all nine essential amino acids, which provides protein as much as the animal products. It is because of this reason, the breads and other such bakery products produced with the help of compressed yeast are nutritive.
- Microbial enzymes are eco-friendly.
Answer: Microbial enzymes are eco-friendly because they are active at low temperature, pH and pressure, due to which energy is saved. In microbial enzymatic reactions, elimination and decomposition of waste material is avoided and enzymes can be reused. The process of dirt/muck removal occur at low temperature too due to mixing of enzymes with detergents. Microbial enzymes are used in various industries like cheese, plant extracts, textile, leather, paper, etc.
- A biofuel is an important tool in renewable energy sources.
Answer: Biofuels are available in solid forms (like coal, dung, crop residue), liquid form (like vegetable oils, alcohol), and gaseous form (like gobar gas, coal gas). These fuels are easily available and are present in plenty of quantity. These Fuels due to its quite large availability can be seen be used for again and again for some amount of time. Hence, biofuel is called an important tool in renewable energy sources. These fuels are the reliable fuels of the future.
33.The landfill pit is lined with plastic sheets.
Answer: Degradable waste that are being accumulated in urban areas are disposed in land filling sites. Large pits are dug in open spaces far away from the residential area and those pits are lined with plastic sheets. Lining with plastic sheets is done as a precaution against pollution of soil due to leaching of toxic and harmful materials. The compressed waste that is dumped in the pit decompose with the help of microbes present in the soil.
- Microorganisms are used to control the effects of sea oil spills.
Answer: Oil spills can be toxic and fatal to aquatic organisms. It is not easy to remove the oil layer from the surface of water by mechanical methods. Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria (HCB) which include the bacteria like Pseudomonas spp. And Alcanovorax borkumensis have the ability to destroy the pyridines and other chemicals. These bacteria are used to clear the oil spills. The HCB decompose the hydrocarbons and bring about the reaction of carbon with oxygen. CO2 and water are formed in this process.
- Weed control plants are beneficial for agriculture.
Answer: Weeds are the unwanted plants that grow in between the crops plants and eventually affect its growth. Spraying of weedicides help reduce the growth of these weeds but at the same time they adversely affect the crop plants and also to the animals which eat these plants. The weed control plants help kill the weed and also would not allow any weed to grow nearby. Therefore, weed control plants that help keep the weeds in check are very beneficial for agriculture.
- Recently made vaccines are safe.
Answer: Recently made vaccines are safer because, nowadays the proteins which act as antigen are injected in pure form instead of injecting the killed or semi-killed pathogens. These proteins keep the person away from the diseases and also help keep the immune system active. Recent vaccines that are produced with the help of biotechnology are also more thermostable and remain active for a longer period.
- Concepts of body donation and organ donation have come forward.
Answer: Body and organ donations have come forward nowadays as the progress in science, people have realized that many organs remain functional even after death for certain period and under specific conditions. People have also started realizing that donating a body or organs can save the life of other needful persons. Awareness about organ donating is also increasing in our country and many people have started to voluntarily donate the organs. Body donation although is a little uncommon but many famous people have taken the initiative to donate their bodies for research and medical studies.
- Stem cells are extremely important in regenerative therapies.
Answer: Stem cells are special types of cells which give rise to all other types of cells in the body of multicellular organisms. Stem cells are known to be extremely important in regenerative therapies as the stem cells can be used to replace the dead cells in case of conditions like diabetes, myocardial infarction, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, etc. Stem cells are also helpful in producing blood cells required in conditions like anaemia, thalassemia, leukaemia, etc.
- Sewage should not be discharged into the water without treatment.
Answer: Sewage is a mixture of water and waste which also includes human waste and waste water from households. Sewage should not be discharged into the water without treatment because the sewage mainly contains organic matter and upon discharging it into river, the organic matter content of river will also increase. The dissolved oxygen in the river water will be utilised to oxidise the organic matter, hence reducing the dissolved oxygen level of river water. Therefore, the sewage should be first treated in which oxidation of organic matter will be done with specialised methods.
- Genetically modified crops are beneficial to farmers.
Answer: Crops developed with desired characters by integrating foreign genes with their genome are called genetically modified crops. Genetically modified crops are beneficial to farmers as it helps in high yielding varieties with resistance to diseases, alkalinity, weed, other stresses like cold and drought. For example, in case of bt cotton, a gene of Bacillus thuringiensis is integrated with the genome of cotton plant. Due to this the toxins which are fatal for bollworm are produced in leaves and cotton balls and thus help keep the bollworm in check.
- Some of the organs in the human body are precious.
Answer: Some of the organs of human body like kidney, heart, liver, pancreas, lungs and eyes and skin etc are very precious because they take part in some of the major physiological processes like digestion, excretion, respiration, etc. These organs are important for the existence of life in humans. These organs can be donated to the needy people either while we are alive or after the death of a person. Kidney and bone marrow are some organs that can be donated while we are alive. Eyes and skin can be registered to donate after our death.
- Nowadays school children have to deal with mental stress.
Answer: Nowadays school children have to deal with mental stress due to increased competition in the educational field. Children are also facing loneliness because of nuclear families and parents staying outdoors for their jobs. Girls are also victims of mental stress due to the genderinequality in their family, school, and the society.Girls also have to sometimes unnecessarily have to face the problems like teasing and molesting. Children tend to have mental stress due to higher expectations of parents as well.
- The importance of outdoor sports is incomparable.
Answer: Importance of outdoor sports is incomparable because, they tend to help you overcome stressful environment. Outdoor sports help in keeping our physical health proper and eventually keep us healthy. Outdoor sports also help develop some social values among children like leadership, team spirit and cooperation with the other teammates. It also helps in improving the qualities like concentration, alertness, fitness, flexibility, etc.
- Alcoholism is always bad.
Answer: Alcoholism is the excessive and uncontrollable intake of alcohol. Alcoholism is bad as it is a form of addiction from which recovering is very difficult. It can lead to violent behaviour and eventually lead to domestic violence. It is very dangerous to drive after having alcohol as it severely affects your brain and reduces the ability to concentrate. Alcohol consumption also leads to several health problems like problems in liver, pancreas as well as heart. It increases the blood pressure and may even cause death of the person quite early.
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