Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Term 3 History Solutions Chapter 2 Pdf
Tamilnadu Board Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Term 3 History Solutions Chapter 2: Tamilnadu State Board Solution Class 7 Social Science Term 3 History Chapter 2 – Art and architecture of Tamil Nadu.
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science History Solutions Chapter 2: Overview
Board |
Samacheer Kalvi |
Class |
7 |
Subject |
Social Science History |
Term |
3 |
Chapter Name |
Art and architecture of Tamil Nadu |
Unit 2: Art and architecture of Tamil Nadu
Multiple choice questions: (marks:1)
1.) Which pallava king was a pioneer in rock cut architecture:
A.) Mahendravarman
B.) Narasimhavarman 2
C.) Nandivarman 2
Ans: mahendravarman.
2.) Rajasimha was the other name of:
A.) Mahendravarman
B.) Narasimhavarman 2
C.) Nandivarman 2
Ans: narasimhavarman 2.
3.) Nandivarman 2 built:
A.) Kanchi Kailasanathar temple
B.) The vaikuntha Perumal temple
C.) Mahabalipuram
Ans: the vaikuntha Perumal temple.
4.) Meenakshi amman temple situated in:
A.) Kazhugumalai
B.) Tirunelveli
C.) Madurai
Ans: madurai.
5.) In ……..the mamallapuram monuments and temples, including the shore temple complex,were notified as a UNESCO world heritage site.
A.) 1982
B.) 1984
C.) 1986
Ans: 1984.
6.) Corridors were a famous feature of:
A.) Pallava period
B.) Vijayanagar period
C.) Modern period
Ans: modern period.
Answer the following questions: (marks:1)
1.) What were the earliest examples of the Tamil Dravidian architecture tradition?
Ans: The earliest examples of the Tamil Dravidian architecture tradition were 7th century rock cut shrines.
2.) What is the meaning of epoch?
Ans: epoch means era or age.
3.) Who built the kanchi kailashnath temple ?
Ans: Narasimhavarman 2 built the kanchi kailashnath temple.
4.) More than …….cave temples have been found in the different parts of the Pandya empire.
Ans: 50.
5.) The later chola period was known for……………
Ans: beautiful gopurams.
6.) What are the unique features of the Vijayanagara period?
Ans: Mandapam is the unique feature of the Vijayanagara period.
7.) Which is the oldest structural temple of south india?
Ans: The Shore Temple at Mahabalipuram, also called the Seven Pagodas, was built by the Pallava king Narasimhavarman 2.
Answer the following questions: (marks:2)
1.) In tamilnadu what were the stages of temple evaluation?
Ans: In Tamil Nadu, the evolution of temple architecture took place in five stages:
- The Pallava Epoch (A.D. 600 to 850);
- Early Chola Epoch (A.D. 850 to 1100);
- Later Chola Epoch (A.D. 1100 to 1350);
- Vijayanagara/Nayak Epoch (A.D. 1350 to 1600); and
- Modern Epoch (After A.D. 1600).
2.) What is pancha pandava rathas?
Ans: The Tamil Dravida tradition is exemplified by rock-cut monuments such as Pancha Pandava Rathas, namely Draupadi ratha, Dharmaraja ratha, Bheema ratha, Arjuna ratha and Nakula Sahadeva ratha.
3.) Write down the important features of Vijayanagara epoch?
Ans: During the Vijayanagara epoch, a new form of construction emerged. It is the mandapam where the gods are carried every year. Pillared outdoor mandapams are meant for public rituals with the ones in the east serving as the waiting room for devotees, which embellished the large temples. These mandapams attract attention for its monolithic pillars. On these pillars are sculptured horses, lions and the gods.The kalyana mandapam at Kanchipuram and at Vellore the Jalagandeeswarar temple are some examples.The main features of the Vijayanagar and Nayak architecture are decorated mandapas, ornamental pillars, life-size images, gopuras, prakaras, music pillars, floral works and stone windows during the 15th to 17th centuries. Tanks are attached to the temples. Gateways to the temple are constructed from four directions with massive gopurams.
Answer the following questions: (marks:5)
1.) Write down some important temples of the chola period?
Ans: Early chola period:
The Cholas came to limelight in A.D. 850 under Vijayalaya Chola and continued to govern the region for about four hundred years. For the Early Chola epoch, the temple at Dadapuram, near Tindivanam in TamilNadu, is worth mentioning.The early Chola architecture followed the style of Sembian Mahadevi. Temples with the increased number of devakoshta figures can be classified as belonging to the Sembiyan style. Thirupurambiyam is an illustrious example of an early temple that was re-framed in the days of Sembiyan Mahadevi.
Later Chola Epoch:
The maturity attained by Chola architecture is reflected in the two magnificent temples of Thanjavur and GangaikondaCholapuram.
- Thanjavur Big Temple: At the time the Big Temple of Thanjavur was constructed, it was a huge temple complex. The 216 feet vimana is notable as it is one among the tallest man-made shikaras of the world. Due to its massive height, the shikara is called the Dakshina Meru. The huge bull or nandi statue measures about 16 feet long and 13 feet height and is carved out of a single rock
- Gangaikonda Cholapuram: Gangaikonda Cholapuram served as the Chola capital for about 250 years, until the decline of the Cholas and the rise of the Pandyas. The Brihadeeshwara temple of Gangaikonda Cholapuram, built by Rajendra Chola, is undoubtedly as worthy a successor to the Brihadeeswara temple of Thanjavur. The height of the temple is 55 metres. The sanctum has two storeys as in the big temple at Thanjavur. The outer wall has many projections with niches and recesses on three sides. In the niches there are the images of Siva, Vishnu and other gods. This temple complex has the shrines of Chandeeswara, Ganesa and Mahishasura Mardhini.
- Darasuram: Darasuram, near Kumbakonam, is a Later Chola period temple, rich in architectural splendour, dedicated to Airavatesvara (Siva as god of lord Indira’s elephant). Rajaraja II constructed this temple. This temple is another landmark of the Chola architecture. The Maha Mandapamis an elaborate structure. The entire structure looks like a ratha because it has four wheels at the Maha Mandapam. The sanctum and pillars have many sculptures, which are miniatures of various mythological figures. A compound wall runs round the temple with a gopuram.
2.) Write down about the temples,art and sculptures of the Pallava Epoch?
Ans:
Temples: The Pallava epoch witnessed a transition from rock-cut to free-standing temples. Rock-cut temples were initially built by carving a rock to the required design and then rocks were cut to build temples. The Pallava king Mahendravarman was a pioneer in rock-cut architecture. Mandagapattu temple was the first rock-cut temple built by him. The rock-cut cave structure has two pillars in the front that hold it. All the cave temples have a simple sanctum cut on the rear side of the wall with a frontage-projecting mandapa.
- The Shore Temple at Mahabalipuram, also called the Seven Pagodas, was built by the Pallava king Narasimhavarman II. It is the oldest structural temple in South India. The structural temples were built using blocks of rock instead of a whole block as earlier.
- Narasimhavarman II, also known as Rajasimha, built the Kanchi Kailasanathar temple.
- The Vaikuntha Perumal temple at Kanchipuram was built by Nandivarman II. Mahabalipuram (Mamallapuram) is built of cut stones rather than carved out of caves. It has two shrines, one dedicated to Siva and the other to Vishnu.
- The Tamil Dravida tradition is exemplified by rock-cut monuments such as Pancha Pandava Rathas, namely Draupadi ratha, Dharmaraja ratha, Bheema ratha, Arjuna ratha and Nakula Sahadeva ratha.
- Unlike the Pallavas, Pandyas installed deities in the sanctums in their cave temples. More than fifty cave temples have been found in different parts of the Pandyan Empire. The most important of them are found in Malaiyadikurichi, Anaimalai, Thiruparankundram and Trichirappali.pillars have no uniform ornamentation. Rock-cut and structural temples are significant part of the Pandya architecture.
The illustrious example for rock-cut style is unfinished Kazhugumalai Vettuvan Koil temple. The Vettuvan Koil, a monolithic temple at Kazhugumalai, is hewn out of a huge boulder on four sides. Meenakshi Amman Temple in Madurai and Nellaiappar Temple in Tirunelveli represent examples of Pandyas’ architectural style.
Sculptures:
The walls of the caves are decorated with the bas relief of the gods and goddesses. In the case of structural temples, the walls of the sanctums are free from image decorations. Instead the superstructures and the pillars have sculptures. The sculptures look majestic, having elaborate shoulders, slim bodies, beautiful ornaments and high crowns. Thiruparankundram, Anaimalai and Kazhugumalai have the bas relief of many deities: Siva, Vishnu, Brahma, Parvathi, Subramanya, Ganapathi and Dakshinamoorthy. Many early Pandya images unearthed from Madurai and its surrounding areas are now in Thirumalai museum at Madurai.
Paintings:
Caves at Sittanavasal, 15 kilometres away from Pudukkottai, and at Thirumalapuram in Sankarankovil taluk, Tirunelveli district, have outstanding early Pandya paintings. The Sittanavasal paintings have similarities with the Ajantha paintings. Thirumalapuram, from where we get early Pandya paintings, is in a damaged condition.
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