Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Term 3 Geography Solutions Chapter 3 Pdf
Tamilnadu Board Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Term 3 Geography Solutions Chapter 3: Tamilnadu State Board Solution Class 7 Social Science Term 3 Geography Chapter 3 – Natural hazards – understanding of disaster management in practice.
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Geography Solutions Chapter 3: Overview
Board |
Samacheer Kalvi |
Class |
7 |
Subject |
Social Science Geography |
Term |
3 |
Chapter Name |
Natural hazards – understanding of disaster management in practice |
Unit 3 : Natural hazards – understanding of disaster management in practice.
Multiple choice questions: (marks:1)
1.) Sudden overflow of water due to many reasons is called:
A.) Flood
B.) Tsunami
C.) Cyclone
Ans: flood.
2.) Destructive sea waves due to earthquake or sudden dislocation of the sea bed is called:
A.) Cyclone
B.) Tsunami
C.) Flood
Ans: tsunami.
3.) A sudden vibration of the earth’s crust is called as:
A.) Tsunami
B.) Cyclone
C.) Earthquake
Ans: earthquake.
4.) Sudden rush of a crowd of people resulting in injuries and death is called:
A.) Stampede
B.) Earthquake
C.) Cyclone
Ans: stampede.
5.) ‘ Tsunami ‘ is a :
A.) Japanese word
B.) Chinese word
C.) French word
Ans: Japanese word.
6.) How many stages are present in a disaster management cycle or disaster cycle:
A.) 4
B.) 5
C.) 6
Ans: 6.
7.) Meteorology means:
A.) Study of Earth
B.) Study of weather forecast
C.) Study of soil
Ans: study of weather forecast.
Answer the following questions: (Marks:1)
1.) When was the National Disaster Management Authority established?
Ans: NDMA established on 23rd December 2005.
2.) Write down the full form of the followings: (1×5)
A.) NDRF: National Disaster Response Force.
B.) NIDM: National Institute of Disaster Management.
C.) DDMA: District Disaster Management Authority.
D.) SDRF: State Disaster Response Force.
E.) TNSDMA: Tamil Nadu State Disaster Management Authority.
F.) DST: Department of Science and Technology.
G.) DOS: Department of Space.
Answer the following questions: (marks:2/3)
1.) What is a hazard?
Ans: A hazard is a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury, health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods, services, social and economic disruption or environmental damage. Natural hazards are natural phenomena that might have a negative impact on humans or the environment.
2.) What is a Disaster?
Ans: A disaster can be generally defined as a serious disruption in the society causing widespread material, economic, social or environmental losses which exceed the ability of the affected society to cope using its own resources.
3.) Write down the difference between a hazard and a disaster.
Ans: Hazard:
- A hazard is a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury, health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods, services, social and economic disruption or environmental damage. Natural hazards are natural phenomena that might have a negative impact on humans or the environment.
- Less serious.
- Less loss of life and property.
- Types: geographical and biological.
Disaster:
- A disaster can be generally defined as a serious disruption in the society causing widespread material, economic, social or environmental losses which exceed the ability of the affected society to cope using its own resources.
- More serious.
- More loss of life and property.
- Types: natural and man-made.
4.) What is an earthquake? Write down the effects of it? (1+2)
Ans: A sudden movement (or) trembling of the earth’s crust is called an earthquake.
Effects:
Due to a strong earthquake, loss of lives, buildings, roads, bridges and dams are damaged.
Earthquake cause floods,tsunamis,landslides, fires, break down of water supply and electrical lines. It may change the course of a river too.
5.) What do you mean by flood? Write down the effects of flood. (1+2)
Ans: Sudden overflow of water in a large amount caused due to heavy rainfall, cyclone, melting of snow, Tsunami or a dam burst. Effects:
- Loss of life and property
- Displacement of people
- Spread of contagious diseases such as Cholera and Malaria etc
6.) What is a Tsunami? Write down the effects of a Tsunami. (1+2)
Ans: When earthquake jolts the ocean floor, the sudden dislocation of the sea bed occurs and the resulting displacement of water can produce one or more huge, destructive waves, known collectively as a Tsunami. The sea waves rise to several meters and may reach the coast within a few minutes. Effects:
- It causes flooding and disrupts transportation, power communication and water supply.
- loss of life and property.
7.) What is a cyclone? Write down the effect of a cyclone.(1+2)
Ans: A low-pressure area which is encircled by a high pressure wind is called a cyclone. Effects of cyclone:
- The main effects of tropical cyclone include heavy rain, strong wind, large storm surges near landfall and tornadoes.
- flood
- loss of life and property.
8.) What is disaster management?
Ans: The systematic process of applying administrative directives, organizations, and operational skills and capacities to implement strategies, policies and improved coping capacities in order to lessen the adverse impacts of hazards and the possibility of disaster is called Disaster Management.
9.) What is NDMA?
Ans: National Disaster Management Authority or NDMA, is an agency of the Ministry of Home Affairs whose primary purpose is to coordinate response to natural or man-made disasters and for capacity-building in disaster resiliency and crisis response. NDMA was established through the Disaster Management Act enacted by the Government of India on 23rd December 2005.
10.) What is NDRF?
Ans: The National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) is a specialized force constituted for the purpose of specialist response to a threatening disaster situation or disaster under the Disaster Management Act, 2005.
11.) What is NIDM?
Ans: National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM) is a premier institute for training and capacity development programs for managing natural disasters in India, on a national as well as a regional basis.
12.) What are the Disaster Managements taken by Tamilnadu?
Ans: Tamil Nadu State Disaster Management Authority or TNSDMA is responsible for all measures for mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery are undertaken under the guidance and supervision of the Authority.
- Tamil Nadu State Disaster Response Force (SDRF) has been established with a strength of 80 Police Personnel. They have been trained in disaster management and rescue operations in consultation with National Disaster Response Force (NDRF).
- District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA) is responsible for Disaster Management at district level.
Answer the following questions: (marks:5)
1.) Write down the types of disaster?
Ans: A disaster can be generally defined as a serious disruption in the society causing widespread material, economic, social or environmental losses which exceed the ability of the affected society to cope using its own resources. The types of disaster are as follows:
Natural Disasters:
- Earthquake: A sudden movement or trembling of the earth’s crust is called an earthquake.
- Flood: Sudden overflow of water in a large amount caused due to heavy rainfall, cyclone, melting of snow, Tsunami or a dam burst.
- Tsunami: When earthquake jolts the ocean floor, the sudden dislocation of the sea bed occurs and the resulting displacement of water can produce one or more huge, destructive waves, known collectively as a Tsunami. The sea waves rise to several meters and may reach the coast within a few minutes.
- Cyclone: A low-pressure area which is encircled by a high pressure wind is called a cyclone.
Man-made Disasters:
- Stampede: The term stampede is a sudden rush of a crowd of people, usually resulting in injuries and death from suffocation and trampling. Human stampedes can be prevented by organization and traffic control, such as barriers, following queues and by avoiding mass gathering.
- Fire: Fire is a disaster caused due to electrical short circuit, accidents in chemical factory, match and crackers factory.
- Industrial Disaster: Industry faces multiple risks involved with its production, transportation, storage, usage and disposal of the effluents containing residuals and hazardous materials from nuclear and chemical industries. Such as, Bhopal gas leakage.
2.) Write down the disaster management cycle.
Ans: The systematic process of applying administrative directives, organizations, and operational skills and capacities to implement strategies, policies and improved coping capacities in order to lessen the adverse impacts of hazards and the possibility of disaster is called Disaster Management.The six disaster management phases that have been used in the concept of disaster cycle are as follows:
A.) Preparedness: The process includes various measures that enable governments, communities and individuals to respond rapidly to disaster situations to cope with them effectively. Preparedness includes for example, the formulation of viable emergency plans, the development of warning systems, the maintenance of inventories, public awareness and education and the training of personnel etc.
B.) Mitigation: Mitigation means to take the actions that reduce the long term effects of natural disaster. The aim of mitigation is to reduce the physical, economic and social vulnerability to threats and the underlying causes for this vulnerability.
C.) Prevention: Reducing the risk of disasters involves activities, which either reduce or modify the scale and intensity of the threat faced or by improving the conditions of elements at risk. The use of the term reduction to describe protective or preventive actions that lessen the scale of impact is therefore preferred.
D.) Response: This refers to the first stage response to any calamity, which include setting up control rooms, putting the contingency plan in action, issue warning, action for evacuation, taking people to safer areas, rendering medical aid to the needy etc., simultaneously rendering relief to the homeless, food, drinking water, clothing etc. to the needy, restoration of communication, disbursement of assistance in cash or kind. The emergency relief activities undertaken during and immediately following a disaster, which includes immediate relief, rescue, and the damage needs assessment and debris clearance.
E.) Recovery:Recovery is used to describe the activities that encompass the three overlapping phases of emergency relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction.
F.) Development: In an evolving economy, the development process is an ongoing activity. Long-term prevention/disaster reduction measures like construction of embankments against flooding, irrigation facilities as drought proofing measures, increasing plant cover to reduce the occurrences of landslides, land use planning, construction of houses, capable of withstanding the onslaught of heavy rain/wind speed and shocks of earthquakes are some of the activities that can be taken up as part of the development plan.
3.) Write down the general Survival techniques of a disaster?
Ans: The general survival techniques of a disaster are:
- During the earthquake be under the table, chair, kneel to the floor and protect yourself. Go near a sturdy wall, sit on the floor and hold the floor strongly and protect yourself.
- Use only torch lights.
- During flood forecast, store up necessary things like first aid. Listen to the local Radio / TV for instructions. Cut off all the electrical supplies during flood and earthquake.
- In case of fire accidents dial 101 for fire service.
- If clothes are on fire, “Don’t Run; Stop, Drop and Roll”.
- Road accidents can be avoided by permitting the persons only who have license are allowed to drive. Learn, preach and practice safety rules during walking and driving along the road.
- Rail Safety Tips: Stay alert. Trains can come from either direction at any time.
- Never sit on the edge of the Station Platform.
- Cross the tracks safely.
- While on boarding the aircraft, pay attention to the flight crew safety demonstration, and read the safety briefing card available in the seat pocket carefully.