Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Term 2 History Solutions Chapter 2 Pdf
Tamilnadu Board Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Term 2 History Solutions Chapter 2: Tamilnadu State Board Solution Class 7 Social Science Term 2 History Chapter 2 – The Mughal Empire.
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science History Solutions Chapter 2: Overview
Board |
Samacheer Kalvi |
Class |
7 |
Subject |
Social Science History |
Term |
2 |
Chapter Name |
The Mughal Empire |
Unit 2: The Mughal Empire
Multiple choice questions: (marks:1)
1.) The battle of Panipat occurred in:
A.) 1524
B.) 1526
C.) 1527
Ans: 1526.
2.) The season battle of Panipat occurred in:
A.) 1526
B.) 1550
C.) 1556
Ans: 1556.
3.) Shah Jahan ruled for:
A.) 30 years
B.) 40 years
C.) 50 years
Ans: 30 years.
Answer the following questions: (marks:1)
1.) Who was the founder of the Mughal Empire?
Ans: Zahir Ud Din Muhammad Babur was the founder of Mughal Empire.
2.) During the Mughal period, what was the capital of India?
Ans: During Mughal period the vapi of India was Agra.
3.) What is the name of king Babur’s autobiography?
Ans: The name of king Babur’s autobiography is Tuzuk-I-Baburi.
4.) Who abolished the jizya/poll tax on Muslims and the tax on Hindu pilgrims?
Ans: King Akbar abolished the poll tax on Muslims and the tax on Hindu pilgrims.
5.) Who was the last king of the Mughal Empire?
Ans: Aurangzeb was the last king of the Mughal Empire.
6.) Who introduced the mansabdari system?
Ans: King Akbar introduced the mansabdari system.
7.) Who introduced the Persian style of architecture to India?
Ans: Babur introduced the Persian style of architecture to India.
8.) Who constructed the Taj Mahal?
Ans: Shah Jahan constructed the Taj Mahal.
9.) Red fort / Lal quila was constructed by whom?
Ans: Red fort was constructed by whom.
Answer the following questions: (marks:2/3)
1.) Write down the names of six great Mughal emperors?
Ans: The six great Mughal emperors were: Babur ( 1526-1530), Humayun ( 1530-1540 & 1555-1556), Akbar (1556-1605 ), Jahangir (1605-1627), Shah jahan (1627-1658) and Aurangzeb (1658-1707).
2.) Write down the names of famous poets, artists, musicians adorned in Akbar’s court?
Ans: Akbar was a great patron of learning. His personal library had more than four thousand manuscripts. He patronised scholars of all beliefs and all shades of opinions. He extended his kindness to authors such as Abul Fazl, Abul Faizi and Abdur Rahim Khan-i-Khanan, the great storyteller Birbal, competent officials like Raja Todar Mal, Raja Bhagwan Das and Raja Man Singh. The great composer and musician Tansen and artist Daswant adorned Akbar’s court as well.
3.) What is mansabdari system?
Ans: Akbar introduced the Mansabdari system. According to this system, the nobles, civil and military officials were combined to form one single service. Everyone in the service was given a mansab, meaning a position or rank. A Mansabdar was a holder of such a rank.
4.) What is Din-i-ilahi?
Ans: The Mughal emperors were the followers of Islam. Akbar was very liberal in his religious policy. In Akbar’s court, the Portuguese missionaries were great favourites. Akbar tried to include the good principles in all religions and formulated them into one single faith called DiDin-I-Ilahi.
5.) Write down the art and architecture of the Mughal Empire?
Or, Write down the contribution of different Mughal emperors in art and architecture.
Ans: The art and architecture in Mughal period is noticeable:
- Babur introduced the Persian style of architecture to India by building many structures at Agra, Biana, Dholpur, Gwalior and Kiul, but only a few of them exist today.
- The most prominent monument of Sher Shah’s reign was his mausoleum built at Sasaram in Bihar.The Diwan-i-Khas, Diwan-i-Am, Panch Mahal,Rang Mahal, Salim
- Chishti’s Tomb and Buland Darwaza was built during Akbar’s time.
- Jahangir completed Akbar’s tomb at Sikandra.
- Shah Jahan’s time witnessed the climax of Mughal splendour. The famous peacock throne, covered with expensive jewels, was made for the emperor to sit on. Then rose the world famous Taj Mahal, by the side of the Jumna river at Agra. Besides Taj, he built the Moti Masjid, the pearl mosque at Agra, the great Jama Masjid of Delhi and the Diwan-i-Khas and Diwan-i-Am in his palace in Delhi.
- Red Fort, also called Lal Qila, in Delhi was the residence of the Mughal emperors. Constructed in 1639 by Emperor Shah Jahan as the palace of his fortified capital Shahjahanabad.
6.) What is jagir?
Ans: The Mughal emperors enforced the old iqta system, renaming it jagir. It is a land tenure system developed during the period of Delhi Sultanate. Under the system, the collection of the revenue of an area and the power of governing it were handed over upon a military or civil official now named Jagirdar. Every Mansabdar was a Jagirdar if he was not paid in cash. The Jagirdar collected the revenue through his own officials.
Answer the following questions: (marks:5)
1.) Briefly discuss the administration of the Mughal Empire.
Ans: The administration of the Mughal Empire:
- Central Administration:
The Mughals provided a stable administration in larger parts of India. The Emperor was the supreme head of the Mughal administrative system. He was the law maker, the chief executive, the commander-in-chief of the army and the final dispenser of justice. He was assisted by a council of ministers. The most important officials were the Wakil / Prime Minister and Wazir or diwan who is in charge of the revenue and expenditure. Mir Bhakshi was incharge of the army. Mir Saman looked after the royal household. The Qazi was the Chief Judge. Sadr-us-Sudr was minister for enforcing Islamic law.
- Provincial Administration:
The empire was divided into several Subhas or provinces. Each Subha was under the control of an officer called Subedar. The Subhas were further divided into districts called Sarkars. The Sarkars were subdivided into Parganas. A group of villages formed a Pargana.
- Local Administration:
The towns and cities were administered by
Kotwals. Kotwals maintained law and order. The administration of villages was left in the hands of local village panchayats. The Panchayat Dars or jury enact justice.
- Army:
The Mughal army comprised infantry, cavalry, war elephants and artillery. The Emperor maintained a large number of trained and well-armed bodyguards and palace guards.
- Mansabdari System:
Akbar introduced the Mansabdari system. According to this system, the nobles, civil and military officials were combined to form one single service. Everyone in the service was given a mansab, meaning a position or rank. A Mansabdar was a holder of such a rank.
- Land Revenue Administration:
Land revenue administration was toned up during the reign of Akbar. Raja Todar Mal, Revenue Minister of Akbar, adopted and refined the system introduced by Sher Shah. Todar Mal’s zabti system was put in place in the north and north-western provinces. According to this system, after a survey, lands were classified according to the nature and fertility of the soil. The share of the state was fixed at one-third of the average produce for 10 years. During the reign of Shah Jahan, the zabt or zabti system was extended to the Deccan provinces.
- Jagir:
The Mughal emperors enforced the old iqta system, renaming it jagir. It is a land tenure system developed during the period of Delhi Sultanate. Under the system, the collection of the revenue of an area and the power of governing it were bestowed upon a military or civil official now named Jagirdar. Every Mansabdar was a Jagirdar if he was not paid in cash. The Jagirdar collected the revenue through his own officials.The Amal Guzar or the revenue collector of the district was assisted by subordinate officers like the Potdar, the Qanungo, the Patwari and the Muqaddams.Those appointed to collect the revenue from the landholders. They were called zamindars. Zamindars collected taxes and maintained law and order with the help of Mughal officials and soldiers. The local chieftains and little kings were also called zamindars. But at the end of the sixteenth century, the zamindars were given hereditary rights over their zamin. The zamindar was empowered to maintain troops for the purpose of collecting revenue. The emperor granted lands to scholars, holy men and religious institutions. These lands called suyurghal were tax-free.
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