Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science Term 2 History Solutions Chapter 3 Pdf
Tamilnadu Board Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science Term 2 History Solutions Chapter 3: Tamilnadu State Board Solution Class 6 Social Science Term 2 History Chapter 3 – From chiefdoms to empires.
Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science History Solutions Chapter 3: Overview
Board |
Samacheer Kalvi |
Class |
6 |
Subject |
Social Science History |
Term |
2 |
Chapter Name |
From chiefdoms to empires |
Multiple choice questions: (marks: 1)
1.) Among the mahajanapadas which was emerged as an empire:
A.) Magadha
B.) Kashi
C.) Gandhara
Ans: magadha.
2.) Which one is the India’s first empire:
A.) The Haryanka dynasty
B.) The Nanda dynasty
C.) The Maurya dynasty
Ans: The Maurya dynasty.
3.) Who established the Mauryan empire in magadha:
A.) Ashoka
B.) Chandragupta Maurya
C.) Bindusara
Ans: Chandragupta maurya.
4.) Who was the most famous Maurya king:
A.) Ashoka
B.) Chandragupta Maurya
C.) Bindusara
Ans: Ashoka.
Answer the following questions: (marks: 1)
(1) Who were India’s first empire builders?
Ans: The Nandas were India’s first empire builders.
(2) ‘Indica’ was written by whom?
Ans: ‘Indica’ was written by Megasthenes.
(3) Who were the important kings of the Maurya empire?
Ans: Chandragupta Maurya, Bindusara and Ashoka were the important kings of the Mauryan empire.
(4) What was the real name of Bindusara?
Ans: The real name of Bindusara was simhasena.
(5) Who was known as ‘Devanam piya’?
Ans: King Ashoka was known as ‘Devanam piya’.
(6) Where is the lion capital situated?
Ans: The lion capital situated in Sarnath.
(7) What is an edict?
Ans: An Edict is an official order or proclamation issued by a person in authority or a king.
(8) Who is an egalitarian?
Ans: Egalitarian is a person who advocates the principles of equality for all.
(9) Where did the first Buddhist council held?
Ans: The first Buddhist council was held in Rajagriha.
(10) Who was the first Nanda ruler?
Ans: The first Nanda ruler was Mahapadma.
(11) Who was the last king of the Maurya empire? Ans: The last Maurya ruler was Brihadratha.
(12) Who built the great wall of China?
Ans: Qin – Shi Huang built the great wall of China.
(13) What is a stupa?
Ans: A Stupa is a semi- spherical dome like structure constructed on brick or stone. The Buddha’s relics were placed in the centre of the dome.
Answer the following questions: (marks: 2/ 3)
(1) What were the two kinds of government in North India during the 6th century BC (BCE)?
Ans: There were two kinds of government in north India during the sixth century BC (BCE) They were:
- Gana – sanghas : The term ‘gana’ means ‘people of equal status’. ‘Sangha’ means ‘assembly’. The gana – sanghas covered a small geographical area ruled by an elite group. The gana sanghas practiced egalitarian traditions.
- Kingdoms – A ‘kingdom’ means a territory ruled by a king or queen. In a kingdom, a family, which rules for a long period becomes a dynasty. Usually these kingdoms adhered to orthodox Vedic traditions.
(2) What were janapadas and mahajanapadas?
Ans: Janapadas were the earliest gathering places of men. Later, Janapadas became republics or smaller kingdoms. The widespread use of iron in the Gangetic plain created conditions for the formation of larger territorial units transforming the janapadas into Mahajanapadas.
(3) Write down the names of 16 mahajanapadas?
Ans: Sixteen Mahajanapadas dotted the Indo- Gangetic plain in the sixth century BC (BCE). 16 Mahajanapadas: Kuru, Panchala, Anga, Magadha, Vajji, Malla, Kasi, Kosala, Avanti, Chedi, Vatsa, Machcha, Surasena, Assaka, Gandhara and Kamboja.
(4) What were the four major mahajanapadas?
Ans: There were four major Mahajanapadas
They were:
✓ Magadha in Bihar
✓ Avanti in Ujjain
✓ Kosala in Eastern Uttar Pradesh and
✓ Vatsa in Kaushambi, Allahabad.
5.) Write down the causes for the rise of Magadha?
Ans: The Causes for the rise of Magadha were:
- Magadha was located on the lower part of the Gangetic plain. The plain was fertile which ensured the rich agricultural yield. This provided regular and substantial income to the state.
- The thick forests supplied timber for construction of buildings and elephants for the army.
- Abundance of natural resources, especially iron enabled them to equip themselves with weapons made of iron.
- Growing trade and commerce facilitated movement of people as well as settlement of people in centres of arts and crafts.
These conditions facilitates urbanization and rise of Magadha as an empire..
6.) What were the dynasties that ruled over Magadha?
Ans: Four dynasties ruled over Magadha Empire. They were:
✓ The Haryanka dynasty
✓ The Shishunaga dynasty
✓ The Nanda dynasty and
✓ The Maurya dynasty.
(7) Who was Megasthenes?
Ans: Megasthenese was the ambassador of the Greek ruler, Seleucus, in the court of Chandra Gupta. He stayed in India for 14 years. His book Indica is one of the main sources for the study of the Mauryan Empire.
(8) What do you know about Nalanda?
Ans: Nalanda was a large Buddhist monastery in the ancient kingdom of Magadha. It became the most renowned seat of learning during the reign of Guptas. The word Nalanda is a Sanskrit combination of three words Na + alam + daa meaning “no stopping of the gift of knowledge”. Nalanda is declared as a world heritage site by UNESCO.
(9) Write down the divisions of Mauryan art and architecture?
Or,
Write down about the art and architecture of the Mauryan empire.
Ans: Mauryan art can be divided into two parts:
(A) Indigenous Art : It includes Statues of Yakshas and Yakshis. Yakshas were deities connected with water, fertility, trees, the forest and wilderness. Yakshis were their female counterparts.
(B) Royal Art : It includes Palaces and Public buildings ,Monolithic pillars, Rock cut architecture, Stupas.
(10) Write down the reasons behind the decline of the Maurya empire?
Ans: Reasons for the decline of the Mauryan empire were:
✓Ashoka’s successors were very weak.
✓Continuous revolts in different parts of the empire.
✓Invasion by the Bactrian Greeks weakened the empire.
✓Last Maurya ruler Brihadratha was killed by his commander Pushyamitra Sungha who established the Sunga dynasty.
Answer the following questions: (marks: 5)
(1) Who established the Mauryan empire in Magadh? What were the causes for the rise of magadh? Write down the reasons behind the decline of the Mauryan empire? (1+2+2)
Ans: Chandragupta Maurya established the Maurya empire in Magadha.
∆∆ Causes:
The Causes for the rise of Magadha were:
✓ Magadha was located on the lower part of the Gangetic plain. The plain was fertile which ensured the rich agricultural yield. This provided regular and substantial income to the state.
✓ The thick forests supplied timber for construction of buildings and elephants for the army.
✓ Abundance of natural resources, especially iron enabled them to equip themselves with weapons made of iron.
✓ Growing trade and commerce facilitated movement of people as well as settlement of people in centres of arts and crafts.
These above mentioned conditions facilitates urbanization and emergence of Magadha as an empire.
∆∆ Reasons of declining:
Reasons for the decline of the Mauryan empire were:
✓ Ashoka’s successors were very weak.
✓ Continuous revolts in different parts of the empire.
✓ Invasion by the Bactrian Greeks weakened the empire.
✓ Last Maurya ruler Brihadratha was killed by his commander Pushyamitra Sungha who established the Sunga dynasty.
(2) Briefly discuss about the Mauryan administration?
Ans: The Mauryan Empire was the first largest empire in India. Chandragupta Maurya established the empire in Magadha. We gained knowledge and information about the Maurya empire from archaeological sources, Inscriptions such as Edicts of Ashoka,Junagath Inscription; secular literature such as:
Kautilya’s Arthasastra,Visakadatta’s Mudrarakshasa; Religious Literature such as
Jain, Buddhist texts, Puranas and Foreign Notices such as Dipavamsa, Mahavamsa and Indica. Now lets discuss about the administration of Maurya empire:
(A) Centralized administration:
- King: The king was the supreme and sovereign authority of the Mauryan Empire. Council of ministers known as mantriparishad assisted the King. Assembly of ministers included a Purohit, a Senapathi, a Maha mantri and the Yuvaraja.King had an excellent spy system
(B) Revenue system: The land was the most important source of revenue for the state. Ashokan inscription at Lumbini mentions bali and bagha as taxes collected from people. The land tax (bhaga) collected was 1/6 of the total produce. Revenue from taxes on forests, mines, salt and irrigation provided additional revenue to the government. Much of the State revenue was spent on paying the army, the officials of the royal government, on charities and on different public works such as irrigation project, road construction etc.
(C) Judicial System: The king was the head of the Judiciary. He was the highest court of appeal. King appointed many judges subordinate to him. The punishments were harsh.
(D) Military Administration: The king was the supreme commander of the army. A board of 30 members divided into six committees with five members on each, monitored Navy , Armoury ( transport and supply) ,Infantry , Cavalry,the war chariots, the war elephants .
(E) Municipal Administration (Cities and Towns): Board of 30 members divided into six committees. Each had 5 members to manage the administration of the city. Town administration was under Nagarika. He was assisted by Sthanika and Gopa.
(F) Currency: Money was not only used for trade; even the government paid its officers in cash.The punch marked silver coins which carry the symbols of the peacock, and the hill and crescent copper coins called Mashakas formed the imperial currency.
(G) Trade and Urbanization: Trade flourished particularly with Greece Malaya, Ceylon and Burma. The Arthasastra refers to the regions producing specialized textiles – Kasi (Benares), Vanga(Bengal), Kamarupa (Assam) and Madurai in Tamilnadu.
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