What is meant by Ribosomes?
It is an intercellular structure that is composed of protein and RNA. This complex molecular machine is present inside the cells of living things. The ribosome forms proteins by reading messenger RNA or mRNA sequence and translating genetic code into a chain of amino acids. Both prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells contain ribosome organelle. All living cells need this organelle to produce proteins.
Explain the structure of Ribosomes along with a diagram.
The ribosome is one of the required organelles in living cells. It contains both protein and RNA which is why it is called Ribonucleoprotein. The ribosome is composed of small ribosomal and large ribosomal subunits. One of the small ribosomal subunits reads mRNA and decodes it. Another large subunit adds a string of amino acids where the protein chain grows on tRNA. This organelle is associated with protein synthesis. The two areas of the cytoplasm contain this ribosome. It is also a complex structure and is scattered in the cytoplasm. In the prokaryotes, cells have 70S type of ribosomes. In the eukaryotes, cells have 80S type of Ribosomes. RNA makes up a total of 62% of ribosomes and protein makes the rest of them. This is all about ribosome structure which mainly synthesis of proteins.
Explain the functions of Ribosomes.
Some ribosome functions are as follows:
- Ribosome is the ones that perform cellular function in organisms.
- The proteins are formed by adding amino acids in chains and this gets done with the help of ribosomes.
- The subunits of ribosome-bound around mRNA polymers and after that formation of protein takes place by tRNA.
- In the process of DNA transcription, mRNA is synthesized by the DNA.
- The process of synthesis of mRNA takes place in the nucleus. Later, the cytoplasm receives mRNA and starts the process of protein synthesis.
Frequently Asked Questions
Ribosomes are made up of what components?
There are two subunits of which the ribosome is made. The ribosome is made up of one small ribosomal subunit and one large ribosomal subunit. In these subunits, one reads mRNA, and the other forms polypeptide chains of amino acids.
How do ribosomes work?
The ribosomal subunits play an important role in protein synthesis. They mainly initiate the synthesis of protein by binding to the mRNA.
How many types of ribosomes are there?
Two types of ribosomes are there which include 70 S of prokaryotic cells and 80 S of Eukaryotic cells.
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