Rajasthan Board Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Solution Human System RBSE Class 10 Science Solution for Chapter 2.
Objective Type Questions
(1) What controls the movement of food, digested food juice and waste at different levels?
a) Sphincter b) mucosa
C) mucus epithelium d) both a) & c)
Ans –a) sphincter
(2) Which of the following teeth are most developed in carnivore animals?
a) incisors b) canines
c) premolars d)molars
ans –b) canines
(3) The main function of epiglottis is
a) To direct the food into the trachea
b) Preventing the food from entering the trachea
c) To direct the food to the esophagous
d) None of the above
Ans –b) preventing the food from entering the trachea
(4) Maximum enzyamatic digestion of offd akes place in
a) Jejunum
b) Ileum
c) Duodenum
d) Colon
Ans –c) duodenum
(5) Which of the following enzymes is not secreated by the pancreas?
a) Parotid gland
b) Submandibular gland
c) Sublingual gland
d) Pituitary gland
Ans-d) pituitary gland
(6) Which of the following enzymes is not secreated by the pancreas?
a) Amylase
b) Trypsin
c) Rennin
d) Lipase
Ans- c) rennin
(7) Which of the following is secondary respiratory organ?
a) Mouth
b) Nose
c) Nasopharynx
d) Larynx
Ans – a) mouth
(8) The number of lobes found in the left lungs is?
a) 3
b) 4
c) 2
d) 1
Ans – c) 2
(9) ——- is found in the left lungs is?
a) Sqamous epithelium
b) Epithelium
c) Cartilage rings
d) None of the above
Ans- a) sqamous epithelium
(10) What is the liquid portion of blood cells takes place?
a) Spleen
b) Red bone marrow
c) Lymph node
d) None of the above
Ans – c) lymph node
(11) Where the development of red lood cells takes place?
a) Spleen
b) Lymph node
c) Red bone marrow
d) None of the above
Ans –a) spleen
(12) Which of the following cells is not a white blood cell?
a) B- lymphocytes
b) Platelet
c) Basophil
d) Monocyte
Ans-b) platelet
(13) Red blood cells of which of the following blood groups contains both A and B antigens?
a) O
b) A
c) B
d) AB
Ans – d) AB
(14) How many times does the blood pass through the heart during circulation?
a) One
b) Three
c) Two
d) Four
Ans-c) two
(15) The main excreatory product of the human body is——
a) Ammonia
b) Uric acid
c) Urea
d) Both A) and C)
Ans- c) urea
(16) Where is glomerulus found?
a) Bowman’s capsule
b) Reneal duct
c) Henley-loop
d) None of the above
Ans- bowman’s capsule
(17) The main human male hormone is
a) Estrogen
b) Progesterone
c) Testosterone
d) Both A) and C)
Ans- testosterone
(19) The motor nerves deliver the stimuli
a) From CNS to organs
b) From organs to CNS
c) Both A) and B) correct
d) Both A) and B) wrong
Ans- from CNS to organs
(20) The corpora quadrigemina is found
a) Fore brain
b) Hind brain
c) Mid brain
d) Both A) and B)
Ans- mid brain
(22) Which is responsible for the internal clock of the body
a) Thyroid gland
b) Pancreas
c) Adrenal gland
d) Pineal gland
Ans- d) pineal gland
Very Short Type Questions
(1.) Write the name of the basic structural and functional unit of the body.
Ans- cell
(2.) Define digestive system.
Ans- the process of the intake of food to defection a system comprising of various organs and glands functions in close coordination system is called the digestive system.
(3.) What is the work of sphincter muscles?
Ans-
(4.) Write the names of glands involved in the digestive system?
Ans- a) salivary glands, b) liver, c) pancreas
(5.) What is the function of incisor teeth?
Ans- to carry and out nibbling and cutting of food
(6.) How many parts of stomach are there?
Ans- three parts of stomach
(7.) Were does the maximum absorption of digested food takes place?
Ans- small intestine
(8.) write the name of the largest gland found in the human body.
Ans- liver
(9.) which gland secrets the ptyalin enzymes?
Ans- salivary glands
(10.) how many cartilages are found in the larynx?
Ans- nine
(11.) the mucous in the trachea is produced by ——
ans- epiglottis
(12.) how much blood is found in the normal person?
Ans- approximately five liters of the blood.
(13) What is the life span of platelets?
Ans- about ten days
(14.) Name the vessel in which impure blood flows?
Ans-veins
(15.) What is pericardium?
Ans- it is a double walled membrane
(16.) What is the work of arota?
Ans-to carry blood away from to heart to the rest of the body.
(17.) What is the process of excretion of ammonia called?
Ans- aminotelic
(18.) Which is the main excretory organ in human beings?
Ans- kidneys
(19.) Write the name of the oragn that produces ovum.
Ans-ovaries
(20.) Write the name of the major female sex hormone.
Ans-esrogen and progesterone
(21.) Where does the name placenta implants in mother?
Ans- uterus
(22.) Write the name of the systems responsible for establishing the co-ordination among various organs.
Ans-endocrinal system
(23.) Where is the grey matter found?
Ans-spinal cord
(24.) Write name of a neurotransmitter.
Ans-acetylcholine, glutamine, histamine etc
(25.) Name of the hormone released by thyroid gland.
Ans- thyroxin hormone
(26.) Which gland is responsible for the secretion of the adrenalin hormone?
ans- adrenal gland
Short Type Questions
(27.) Write the names of the organs involved in the digestive system.
Ans- in the digestive system mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum etc organs are involved.
(28.) Explain the structure and function of stomach.
Ans- the portion of the alimentary canal past the esophagus is stomach. It is muscular J shaped structure which is located between the esophagus and the duodenum.it is the flexible organ that can hold one to three liter of food. The stomach can be divided into three parts:- a) cariac portion b) pylorus c) fundus portion. Two muscular sphincters are also found in the stomach.
(29.) Where is the salivary gland found? Explain its structure.
Ans- salivary gland are found in the mouth. Saliva is the mixture of a serum like fluid and a sticky mucosa. The liquid parts wet the fluids and mucous act as a lubricant.the main function of saliva is to starts the digestion of the starch present in the food. The salivary glands consist of three sub glands
a) parotid gland:- it secrets a serum like fluids and is found in the cheeks.
b) Submandibular salivary glands :- it is the mixed gland through which fluid and mucus are secreated.
c) Sublingual gland:- found benethe the tongue and secrets the mucus like liquids.
(30.) Discuss the main function of nostrils.
Ans- nostrils play main role in breathing. Breathe taken from nostrils is more pure than mouth so breathing is the main function of nostril.
(31.) How is pharynx helpful in respiration?
Ans- pharynx is the a muscular funnel type structure which extends form the posterior part of the nasal cavity to the upper portion of the esophagus. The pharynx is divided into three parts viz- nasopaharynx, oropharynx, and larygophyarynx. The first part found nasal cavity which then moves to second and then third in pharynx epiglottis is also act so pharynx is pass air thorugh larynx and it is helpful in respiration.
(32.) Write the importance of respiratory muscles.
Ans- respiratory muscles helps in gaseous exchange through lungs, helps in inhalation ans exhalation of gases,contraction of diphragram helps air passes to nostril ans enters to lungs and on relaxation of diaphragm causes the exit of air from lungs this are the importance of respiratory muscles.
(33.) Define blood and write its function.
Ans- blood is a type of liquid connective tissue present in human and other animals that transport essential nutrients and oxygen to cells and metabolic waste products and arobon dioxide from cell.
Function:- exchange of O2 and CO2 between environment and tissue
transport of nutrients to different body parts
(34.) What is the role of blood veseels in the blood circulation.
Ans- in the circulatory system blood act as a liquid medium,the bold vessels are passes oxyegenated blood from heart to body tissue and deoygenated blood from body to heart.
(35.) Explain the structure of kidney.
Ans- kidney is the main excretory organ of the human body. It excrets about 70-80% of the liquid waste from the body. It also controls all juices released in the human body.it is the dark brown cloured bean shaped structure. A pair of kidney is located on the posterior side of the abdominal cavity and below the stomach on right and left side of the spinal cord. The left kidney is slightly more superior to the right kidney. Each kidney consist of the tow corte and the inner medulla. Each kidney is made up of several million functional units called nepherons.nepheron is also divided into two type –a) bowman’s capsule and b) renal tublue.
(36.) Mention the organ of the kidney which are involved in the process of excretion.
Ans- the kidney consist of two parts , the outer cortex and inner medulla. Kidney is made f several functional unit called nephrons which is again dived into two type a) bowman’s capsule- it is the cap shape bag found in the upper portion in nephrons. Branches are found in these called glomerulus. Another type is b) renal tubule- it is the duct that starts form bottom of the bowman’s capsule. The first section of this duct is calles proximal convoluted tubule.this tube is forms hair like loop called henle loop. And terminal tube is called distal convulated tube.
(39.) What is the function of vas deferens in the human reproductive system?
Ans- it is the duct like structures which together with ureter forms a common vessel and hence sperms and urine both flow through a common route. The duct carry sperm from each if the testis and along with the seminal vesicle joins with the left and right ejaculatory duct.
(40.) What is the significance of spinal cord?
Ans- the spinal cord is the contact between the body and the brain. It is the main cord of the body.
(41.) What is the work of the forebrain? Explains its structure.
Ans- the forebrain plays a central role in the processing of information
Releated to complex activites, sensory and associative functions and voluntary motor activities. It contain cerebrum, thalamus, and hypo-thalamus together forms the fore brain. Cerebrum consist 80-85% portion of the human brain.it is the part of brain where knowledge, consciousness and thinking releated works are executed.in this contain grey matter.thalamus is the center of the sensory and motor signals. Hypothalamus makes the sense of hunguer, thirst, sleep, temperature,expression of feelings etc.
(42.) What is the role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?
Ans- the hypothalamus is the basal part of the forebrain. It mainly regulates the hormone production and secretion by pituitary gland.two types of hormones releases a) releasing hormones- which includes the pituituary gland to release its hormone.
b) inhibitory hormones- which inhibits the hormone production by the pituitary gland.
(43.) Explain the exocrine and endocrine functions of the pancreas.
Ans – pancreas secret two endocrine hormones- insulin and glycogen. The main function of insulin is to control the blood glucose level by converting glucose into glycogen. glucogen on the other hand stimulates the conversion if glycogen into glucose.
Easy type question.
(44.) Write the detailed note on the human digestive system.explain the important of enzymes in the digestive system.
Ans- the digestive system of human body contains different organs and glands. The process of digestion of food by comprising various organs and glands function is called as the digestive system. The digestive system consist of mouth, pharynx, esophagous, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum organs which are called as alimentary canal . the alimentary canal is 8-10meters long and also called digestive canal. the alimentary canal performs three major functions-
a) Digestion of food after its simplification
b) Absorption of the digested food.
c) Movement of food from mouth to anus.
The digestive juices secreted by various glands present in the digestion canal responsible for the digestion of the food. This digestive juices simplify the complex food by various chemical process and convert it to a form that could be taken by the body. Many nutrients are digested in the juices such as proteins, salts, vitamins, water etc. these nutrients are absorbed with the help of cells which is found in the alimentary canal. Digestive canal consist of the three glands salivary glands, pancreas, and liver. Liver is the largest gland in the body.
For conversion of the complex reaction into the simpler forms enzymes are important for example amylase, trypsin, pepsin, rennin, lipase, nuclease, maltose, lactose, sucrose,bile salts this are the enzymes are work at buccal cavity, stomach ,small intestine and convert complex reaction into the simple forms.
(45.) Explain the significance of the bronchioles, lungs, and respiratory muscles in human respiratory system.
Ans- the respiratory system consists of bronchioels, lungs and respiratory muscles.
A) the bronciloes are the small and divided into small size into all over the lungs.bronchiole together forms a tree like structure which remains divided into small branches. Special structure called Alveoli are found at the teriminal board of these braches. the gaseous exchange occurs this alveoli.
B) lungs- are flexible,soft and light pink cloured organs. A pair of lungs found just over the diphragm on left and right sides of the chest. Lungs are made up of numerous brochi, alveoli, blood vessels,lymphatic vessels, flexible fibers, membranes and several cells. Lungs is made up of spongy tissues, in which many capillaries and about 30 million alveoli are found which helps in the exchange of the gases from the blood flowing in the capillaries.
C) respiratory muscles- muscles are needed for gaseous exchange through the lungs. These muscles help in the inhalation and exhalation of gases. diphrgm ia primrily responsible for respiration.the diaphragm is made up of skeletal muscles found on the surface of the thoraces. Inner coastal muscles are found in the ribs which helps in the concentration and relaxation of diaphragm.
(46.) What is blood ? discuss various components of blood and explain its importance.
Ans- blood is a type of liquid connective tissue present in human and other animals that transport essential nutrients and oxygen to cells and metabolic waste products and carbon dioxide from the cells. It is slightly alkaline fluid whose ph is 7.4.blood formation occurs in red bone marrow.comonents of blood- A) red blood cell(RBC)- they comprise 99%of blood cells. These cell contains a protein called hemoglobin. They are also called as Erythrocytes.
B) white blood cells(WBC)- they are also called Leucocytes. They are clourless and called white blood cells.they are of two types granulocytes and agranulocytes.
C) platelets- these are also called as thrombocytes. The number in the blood is about 3 million per cubic millimeter. The life span of platelets is only 10 days.
They are important in blood and gives colour to the bold controlling the temperatue of the body, controlling the PH of the body.
(47.) Discuss the process of urine formation in human. Describe the structure of the kidney.
Ans- the formation of urine is carried out in three stages-the glomerular filteration, re-absorption, and secretion. All these function are carried out in different parts of the kidney.both kidney filter 1000-1200 ml blood every minute. The filtration is carried out in the nephron. Glucose,salts, amino acids, urea etc. are filtered from the blood and are collected in the bowmans capsule. Then it pass through the renal tubule. They are completely reabsorb the glucose, amino acids and other useful substances from the filter. Only the waste product like urea is not absorb. Then the waste material like urine is pass to the urinary tract/ureter.then it ones in the urinary bladder. Then CNS sends a signal to tha bladder then signal causes the contracton of the bladder muscles and relaxation in the bladder sphincter muscles.
KIDNEY- it is the main excretory organ of the human body. Two kidney are present in the body. It excess 75-80 % of the liquid waste out of the body. It controls all juices in the body.the left kidney is slightly more superior than right kidney. Kidney made up of seveals million functional units called nephrons. Each nepherons is divided into two types-a) bowmans capsule and b) renal tubule.