PSEB Punjab Board Class 7 Science Textbook Solution Chapter 11 Transformation in Animals and Plant Exercise Questions and Answers
Chapter 11 Transformation in Animals and Plant
Q.1 Fill in the blanks:
1. In plants, water and minerals are transported by……………
Answer:- Xylem.
2. Doctors use ……………. to listen the internal sound of the body
Answer:- Stethoscope.
3. Sweat contains water and………..
Answer:- Salts.
4. The blood vessels having thick elastic walls are called…………..
Answer:- Arteries.
5. The rhythmic contraction and expansion of heart is called…………..
Answer:- Cardiac cycle.
Q.2 True or false:
1. Phloem vessels transport food material in plants.(T/F)
Answer:- True.
2. Deoxygenated blood is carried back to the heart by veins.(T/F)
Answer:- True.
3. The veins have thick walls.(T/F)
Answer:- True.
4. Blood plasma is the solid component of blood.(T/F)
Answer:- False.
5. The red colour of blood is due to the presence of plasma.(T/F)
Answer:- False.
Q.3 Match the column:
Answers :-
1. Transport of water – b) Xylem
2. Red in colour – c) Haemoglobin
3. Exchange of gases – a) Stomata
4. Blood clotting – e) Platelets
5. Transport of food – d) Phloem
Q.4 Choose the correct option
1. Blood cells responsible for clotting are
(a) Plasma
(b) WBC’s
(c) RBC’s
(d) Platelets
Answer:- b. WBC’s.
2. The lower chambers of heart are called.
(a) Atria
(b) Valves
(c) Veins
(d) Ventricles
Answer:- d. Ventricles.
3. The excretory system consists of
(a) Kidney □
(b) Bladder □
(c) Urethra □
(d) all of these □
Answer:- d. all of these.
4. The muscular organ which beats continuously to act as a pump
(a) Auricles □
(b) Kidney □
(c) Heart □
(d) Veins □
Answer:- c. Heart.
5. Blood contains :
(a) Plasma □
(b) WBC’s □
(c) RBC’s □
(d) All of these □
Answer:- d. All of these
Q.5 Very short answer type questions
1. Why is blood red in colour?
Answer:- Red blood cells are disc-shaped cells. Nucleus is absent in the red blood cells,
This contains a red coloured pigment called haemoglobin. It is the pigment due to which the colour of the blood is red.
2. Define translocation.
Answer:- Transportation of food material from leaves to other parts of the plant is called
translocation.
3. What is dialysis?
Answer:- the process of removing waste products and excess fluids from the blood with
the help of a machine is called dialysis.
Q.6 Short answer type questions:
1. State three functions of blood.
Answer:-
Following are the functions of blood:
- It carries oxygen and food to all cells of the body.
- It transports hormones.
- It transports waste materials to the excretory organs
- It maintains fluid balance and body temperature.
- It protects against diseases.
2. Name the excretory organs in humans.
Answer:- The excretory system of human beings consists of a pair of kidneys, a pair of
uterus, a pair of urinary bladder and urethra.
3. Why do veins have valves?
Answer:- Unlike arteries, veins contain valves that ensure blood flows in only one direction. But, Arteries don’t require valves because pressure from the heart is so strong that blood is only able to flow in one direction. Valves also help blood travel back to the heart against the force of gravity.
Q.7 Long answer type questions:
1. Write and explain the components of blood.
Answer:- Following are the components of blood:-
(i) Plasma : It is the liquid part of blood. It is yellowish in colour. Its major component is water. It makes up to about 55 per cent of the body’s total blood volume.
(ii) Red Blood Cells (RBC’s): Red blood cells are disc-shaped cells. Nucleus is absent in the RBCs. These contain a red coloured pigment called haemoglobin. It is this pigment due to which the colour of the blood is red. Haemoglobin binds with oxygen to form
oxyhaemoglobin and transports it to the cells of the body.
(iii) White Blood Cells (WBC’s): They are colourless and irregular in shape. Their main job is to fight against germs and other foreign materials that enter our body.
(iv) Platelets: These are the smallest cells present in the blood. They help in clotting of
blood. So, they prevent excessive loss of blood during injuries.
2. Describe the functions of Heart.
Answer:- Heart receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs in the left auricle. Then the left auricle contracts and blood enters the left ventricle. When the left ventricle contracts, the blood is pumped out to the body. Deoxygenated blood from the body comes to the right auricle. When the right auricle contracts, it transfers blood to the right ventricle. Right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs through pulmonary arteries for oxygenation. A number of valves in the heart allow the blood to flow in one direction only and thus prevent blood from flowing back.
3.) Draw a labelled diagram of the excretory system.
4. Differentiate between Arteries and Veins.
Answer:-
5. Explain the transportation of substances in plants.
Answer:-
Transportation in plants:-
Plants prepare their food with the help of chlorophyll by taking carbon dioxide and water from the atmosphere in the presence of sunlight. Water and minerals are absorbed by the roots and then transported to the leaves where photosynthesis takes place. The food prepared in the leaves also needs to be transported to all parts of the plant.
Plants obtain water and minerals from the soil through roots. Roots have root hair, which
increase the surface area of roots and helps in the absorption of water and minerals
dissolved in water. Root hairs are in close contact with water between soil particles.
1. Transportation water and minerals:-
A suction pull is developed due to the loss of water through leaves during transpiration. It helps in the movement of water and nutrients to the top parts of the plant. Plants have
pipe-like vessels to transport water and nutrients from the soil. The vessels are made of
specialized dead cells known as vascular tissue.
The vascular tissue which transports water and nutrients from roots to all parts of the plant is called xylem. The cells of xylem are joined to form long tubes which extend from the tip of roots to the top of the plant.
2. Transportation of food:-
Plants prepare their food in the leaves by photosynthesis. This food has to be transported to all parts of the plant. The vascular tissue responsible for transport of food in the plants is known as phloem. Phloem transports the food from leaves to all parts of the plant. Transportation of food material from leaves to other parts of the plant is called translocation.
3. Osmosis:-
It is the process by which the movement of solvents take place from lower concentration to higher concentration through a semipermeable membrane to keep concentration equal. Transportation of substances by this method takes place only for very short distances. Root hair of plant uptake water from geil
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