Pronoun

After noun students get the chapter pronoun next for learning the entire parts of speech with all rules. Pronoun is another significant chapter of grammar language to enhance their knowledge over understanding the basics of language and apply it in live examples. Students have to learn pronoun from the earlier level of the secondary education. For that they depend on respective textbooks to learn pronoun through classroom learning where teachers guide throughout it. Students require other extra study resources for understanding the core concepts of learning grammar at deeper level. So, we have provided detail analysis of each part for pronoun with complete rules for all parts.

Pronoun:

Pronoun is the word which is used in place of noun within a sentence.

Pronoun is used as replacement of noun.

It removes the repetition of nouns at the same time.

Pronoun

Classification of Pronoun:

1.) Personal pronoun:

Those pronouns which are used in place of specific persons are called personal pronoun.

Ex. I, we, he, she, they, it, me, them etc.

2.) Possessive pronoun:

The pronouns which are used in possessive case at the end of a sentence are called possessive pronoun.

Ex. mine, ours, his, hers, theirs, yours etc.

3.) Reflexive pronoun:

In case of reflexive pronouns subject and objects will be the same person. Reflexive pronouns are end with self.

Ex. himself, herself, themselves, itself, myself etc.

4.) Demonstrative pronoun:

The pronouns which are used to show specific nouns by pointing towards it are called demonstrative pronoun.

Ex. this, that, these, those, such etc.

5.) Indefinite pronoun:

Indefinite pronouns specify indefinite things, persons and animals for presenting the whole kind of it.

Ex. everyone, everybody, someone, anyone, nobody, no one, anybody, something, nothing, everything all are indefinite pronoun.

6.) Distributive pronoun:

Distributive pronoun are those which differentiate one person or thing from the entire group.

Ex. each, either, neither, none etc.

7.) Emphatic pronoun:

Emphatic pronoun is used just after the noun or pronoun to give emphasis.

Ex. yourself, himself, herself, themselves etc.

8.) Interrogative pronoun:

Who, which, where, whose, whom etc. are used for asking a question in a sentence then it is called interrogative pronouns.

9.) Reciprocal pronoun:

To show the relation two persons or things, more than two persons or things reciprocal pronouns are used.

Ex. each other, one another etc.

10.) Relative pronoun:

Whom, which that, who, whose such pronouns are used as joining words in a sentence then it is called relative pronoun.

Use of personal pronoun and possessive pronoun:

Subject

Object Possessive pronoun Possessive adjective
I Me Mine

My

We

Us Ours Our
You You Yours

Your

He

Him His His
She Her Hers

Her

It

It Its Its
They Them Theirs

Their

When nouns can be used after pronouns such pronouns are called possessive adjective.

When nouns cannot be used after pronouns then it will be possessive pronoun.

Your, my, her, his, its, our, their- these pronouns are used before noun as an adjective, so they are called possessive adjective or prenominal adjective.

Mine, ours, yours, her, his, theirs- these are used as pronoun but not followed by any noun. They are called possessive pronoun.

Use of Reflexive Pronoun:

After some specific verbs like acquit, avail, reconcile, amuse, resign, avenge, apply, adapt, adjust, pride, absent, enjoy reflexive pronoun is used.

Ex. I availed myself of an offer.

Those verbs which follow both reflexive pronoun and appropriate prepositions in those cases first reflexive pronouns come then appropriate prepositions are used.

Ex. he enjoyed himself in the picnic.

If there is an object after the verb enjoy then reflexive pronoun can be used or not. But if there is no object used after enjoy then reflexive pronoun will definitely be used.

Use of Demonstrative Pronoun:

Ex. this, that, such, these, those etc.

Such is your mistake that nobody can forgive you.

After demonstrative pronoun noun will be used. Instead of repeating the same noun many times we use this/that in place of that noun. But if a/an is used before that noun then one will be used in place of that.

Ex. the streets of Delhi are wider than that of Mumbai.

The price of mango is less than that of onion.

A ripe mango is far better than a green one.

Use of Indefinite Pronoun:

In case of indefinite pronouns they must be third person singular number in a sentence. If there is no mention for using feminine then masculine form will be used.

Ex. everybody should do his duty.

One is followed by one’s but if there is no/every is joined with one then this will be used in place of one’s.

Ex. one should keep one’s promise.

No one desires his own loss.

Use of distributive pronoun:

After distributive pronouns like each, either, neither singular verbs will be used.

For two persons/ things- each, either, neither, between, both, each other will be used.

For more than two persons or things- none, among, one another will be used.

Use of Relative Pronoun:

Who/which/that- these pronouns are used as subject+ linker in subordinate clause.

Whom/which/that- these pronouns are used as object+ linker in subordinate clause.

Adjective clause/ relative pronouns always qualify its before used noun or pronoun. According to the same number and person of pronoun verb will be used in subordinate clause.

Ex. this is the man who is honest.

It is I who am your friend.

If linker is used in adjective clause as subject+ linker then linker will surely be used in sentence. But if that linker is used as object+ linker then linker can be used or not in the sentence.

Ex. the man you met is my best friend.

The man whom you met is my best friend.

Using of that in different cases:

1.) If two antecedents are joined by and one human and the other non-living animal a relative pronoun that will be used.

Ex. the man and his dog that I saw yesterday have been kidnapped.

2.) The same+ noun is followed by that.

Ex. this is the same man that deceived me.

3.) Everything, nothing, only, any, all, everyone, no one, nobody, much, little, the few- that is used.

Ex. my father has given me everything that I wanted.

All that glitters is not gold.

All (everything)- verb singular

All (everyone)- verb plural

4.) After objectives of superlative degree that is used.

Ex. this is the best that we can do.

She is the best girl that we know.

5.) When a class/ type/ species is used that is used.

Ex. she is the kind of student that we want.

Behaviour of Pronoun:

1.) When two subjects are joined by as well as, with, along with, together with, and not, in addition to, but, except, rather than, accompanied by, nothing but the possessive adjective or possessive pronoun will agree with the first subject.

Ex. riya as well as her friends has done her work.

The mother and not her daughters did her work.

Everyone except him attended the meeting.

2.) When two subjects are joined by either or, neither nor, not only..but also, none but pronoun agrees with the second subject.

Ex. either the manager or his assistants failed in their job.

3.) When two singular nouns joined by and preceded by each, every the pronoun must be singular.

Ex. each boy and each girl went to his or her house.

4.) In negative sentence like mistake, guilt, sin, crime pronoun can be singular or plural. First, second, third person will be used.

Ex. I, you and he were absent.

5.) The pronoun of objective case is used before infinitive and after infinitive.

Ex. I requested her to come in.

She hopes to meet me soon.

6.) The demonstrative pronoun this/that is used before sort of/kind of, these/ those is used before sorts of/ kinds of in a sentence.

Ex. this sort of man is kind.

These kinds of books are authentic.

7.) Verbs and prepositions are followed by objective case of a pronoun.

Ex. between you and me, you are more intelligent.

She is teaching ritu and her.

8.) To be verb like am/is/are/was/were/to be should be followed by subjective case when the compliment is pronoun.

Ex. it is I who have brought you here.

It ought to be she who helped you.

Find the errors:

1.) I shall avail of a)/ this opportunity b)/ to meet you thee. c)/ no error d).

2.) The company has appointed a)/ consultants to help them b)/ increase its revenue and c)/ improve its financial position d)/ no error e).

3.) The two sisters shouted a)/ at one another b)/ in public c)/ no error d)

4.) The poor man a)/ poisoned him b)/ and his own children c)/ no error d).

5.) I wonder a)/ why are you tinkering with the wire b)/ you might get a shock c)/ no error d)

6.) He bathed himself a)/ in b)/ a river c)/ no error d).

7.) She is the kind a)/ of woman whom everybody knows b)/ is benign c)/ no error d)

8.) We must supplement a)/ our diet with vitamins and minerals b)/ in order to keep c)/ oneself fit d)/ no error e).

9.) Even those which a)/ have no previous b)/ work experience have c)/ applied for this job d)/ no error e).

10.) The audience a)/ are requested b)/ to be in its seats and stay away from the track c)/ no error d)

Solutions:

1). a) avail follows reflexive pronoun for which I will be used with myself.

2.) b) it will be used in place of them for representing the company.

3.) b) each other will be used in place of one another for two sisters.

4.) b) Him will be replaced by himself.

5.) b) it is not interrogative sentence for which are will come after you.

6.) a) after bathed reflexive pronoun will not be used.

7.) b) whom will be replaced by who.

8.) d) ourselves will be used in place of oneself according to we in the sentence.

9.) a) Which will be replaced by who.

10.) c) their will be used in place of its. When collective noun is used for each person then plural pronoun will be used with plural verb.

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