Population Class 10 ICSE Notes
ICSE Class 10 Biology Chapter 10 Population Notes, Summary, Definition, Diagram. Population Notes.
INTRODUCTION –
- Man lived a very primitive life evolving from living in individual to group, and began to use tools to protect themselves, killed animals to eat/hunt, started domesticating animals and agriculture.
Rapid rise in population
Industrial revolution
- Getting proper job, and production of food population rise seen.
- Due to close contact, infectious disease spread
- Nutritional disease also appeared due to unbalanced diet
New discoveries in medical science
- With introduction of antibiotics and vaccine in 20s the number of deaths decreased and more children per family became reproductive age causing increased rate of growth of population.
Population explosion – refers to rapid and massive rise in world population.
Before 1800- growth rate below 1%
1962 – growth rate increased to 2-1%
2011 – 7 billion population
Main reason for sharp rise in world human population
→ Better health care
→ Fewer death
→ Food shortage minimised
→ Improved nutrition
→ Large scale immunisation
→ Fewer infant death
Problems caused by increased population –
→ Increased open space
→ Shrinking of forest
→ Increased industrialisation causing air, water and soil population
→ Rapid and intense shortage of water and other source
→ Increased pollution health hazard
Factors responsible for population explosion in India –
i.) Illiteracy
ii.) Traditional belief and superstitions
iii.) Mortality rate
iv.) Economic reason
v.) Desire for a male child
Population rise effects on natural resource-
i Food
ii. Water
iii. Land
iv. Forest
v. Energy-fossil fuels
vi Mineral resources
Sustainable development can be achieved by –
→ Reduction of excessive use of natural resources
→ Recycling and reuse of resources
→ More use of renewable resources = solar energy , wind power, etc
- Demography – statistically study of human population with reference to size, density, distribution and other vital statistics.
- Population density – number of individual per square km (km2) at anytime.
- Birth/ natality rate – number of live birth per 1000 people of population per year .
- Death / mortality rate – number of death per 1000 people of population per year.
- Growth rate = difference between birth rate + death rate of population
If the birth rate exceeds the death rate, then population grows.
If the birth rates lower than death rate, then population decreases.
Population education and population control
→ 2 child per family as per Indian norm should be followed.
→ Aware of small families and their advantages.
→ Marriage age should be followed according to the law.
→ Use of contraception such as condoms, IUDs, oral pills.
Family welfare centre- inverted red triangle, help/ give advice for family planning.
Methods of contraception
i.) Hormonal methods (pills) – prevent release of egg from ovary
ii). Barrier method
c.) Spermicidal (sperm killing agents)
iii.) IUDs – intra-uterine devices (CuT, Lippe’s Loop), prevent implantation
iv.) Surgical methods
a.) Tubectomy – fallopian tube (oviduct) cut or ligated
b.) Vasectomy – vas deferns from each side is cut and ligated
Induced abortion / medical termination of pregnancy (MTP)
→ Legally permitted (only within 5 months of pregnancy)
Glossary
- Resource – any substance (natural or artificial) energy or organism which is used by humans for welfare.
- Minerals – are non-renewable resources. Once finished cannot be replaced.
- Sustainable – means which can be continued with no ill effect on availability of required items.
- Sustainable development – meets the present need without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs.
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