NIOS Class 10 Social Science Chapter 8 Solution – Indian National Movement
NIOS Class 10 Social Science Solution Chapter 8 Indian National Movement. NIOS Class 10 Social Science Chapter 8 Question Answers Download PDF. NIOS Class 10 Science Notes.
NIOS Class 10 Social Science Chapter 8 Solution
Board |
NIOS |
Class |
10th (Secondary) |
Subject |
Social Science |
Topic |
Question Answer, Solution, Notes |
INTEXT QUESTIONS 8.1
1. Explain three causes which led to national consciousness among Indians during the British regime.
2. Why was British government interested in the formation of Indian National
Congress in 1885?
3.) What were the differences between the Moderates and the Radicals?
4.) Why did the Indian leaders support the British during the First World War?
5.) Why was the Khilafat movement against British rule ?
INTEXT QUESTIONS 8.2
1. How was Satyagraha different from the other protests ?
2. Why was Simon Commission boycotted by Indians? Give two reasons.
3. Why did Gandhi withdraw the non-cooperation movement?
4. How was the approach of revolutionaries different from the others?
5. What do you understand by ‘Purna-Swaraj’ ?
6. How was communal divide in India promoted by the British ?
INTEXT QUESTIONS 8.3
1. Write two basic features of the Act of 1935.
2. What was the demand of Muslim League?
3. What led to the participation of Congress in the elections after 1935?
4. Why were the Indian leaders concerned about the British presence in India during the Second World War?
5. What were the major causes of the partition of India?
TERMINAL QUESTIONS
1. In the initial years of its existence, what types of demands were put by the Indian
National Congress before the British government?
2. Why was Lord Curzon interested in the partition of Bengal?
3. What was the significance of the Satyagrah of Gandhi in Africa? What was the
nature of his Satyagraha in India?
4. Do you think that the Non-Cooperation movement was successful in its goal?
Give two reasons in support of your argument.
5. Why was the Simon Commission asked to leave India?
6. Why did the Dandi March lead to the arrest of Gandhi?
7. What made the revolutionaries throw a bomb in the Legislative Assembly?
8. Discuss the role of Azad Hind Fauz led by Subhash Chandra Bose in the Indian
National Movement.
9. How did the ‘Quit India’ Movement contributed to the independence of India?
10. Mention three causes that forced the Britishers give India independence in the
twentieth century.
Answers-
Chapter 8:
IN text questions 8.1
1) Three causes which led to national consciousness among Indians during the British regime were – Anti-colonial movement, political and administrative unity under British rule, revival of ancient India glory.
2) British government interested in the formation of Indian National Congress in 1885 to give a safe and constitutional outlet to Indians, so that their anger would not develop into agitation against British.
3) The differences between the Moderates and the Radicals were Moderates believed in petition and requesting the British government to solve the grievances whereas Radicals believed in organizing mass protests, criticizing government policies, boycotting foreign goods and use of Swadeshi goods.
4) The Indian leaders support the British during the First World War in the hope that the British government would provide Constitutional powers to the Indians after winning the war.
5) Khilafat movement against British rule because of the division of Ottoman Empire and insult of Khalipha.
IN text questions 8.2
1) Satyagraha different from the other protests as by Satyagraha means a non-violent insistence for truth and justice. Other protests were violent and aggressive in nature.
2) Simon Commission boycotted by Indians because the Commission had no Indian members.
3)Gandhi withdraw the non-cooperation movement to outbreak of violence during the movement caused its suspension.
4)The approach of revolutionaries different from the others by they chose the path of armed movement against the Britishers. Others were not in favor of this.
5) Purna-Swaraj means complete independence and sovereignty.
6)Communal divide in India promoted by the British by promoting separate electorates for Muslims, Sikhs, etc. and encouraging Muslim League to raise communal demands.
IN text questions 8.3
1)Two basic features of the Act of 1935 were – Princely States and the British Provinces all had to come under All India Federation. It restricted the power of legislature, i.e. no control over defense and foreign relations.
2)The demand of Muslim League was a separate nation for Muslims, i.e. Pakistan.
3)The participation of Congress in the elections after 1935 was to gain constitutional power and change the British laws, Congress decided to participate in the elections.
4)Indian leaders concerned about the British presence in India during the Second World War because British presence in India could lead to Japanese invasion during Second World War.
5)The major causes of the partition of India were the communal divide, demand of Muslim League and lack of consensus between the political parties.
Terminal Exercises:-
1) The congress placed its demands before the government always in the form of petitions and worked within the framework of law. It was for this reason that the early Congress leaders were referred to as ‘Moderates’. They asked for: (a) representative legislatures, (b) Indianization of services, (c) reduction of military expenditure, (d) education, employment and holding of the ICS (Indian Civil Services) examination in India, (e) decrease in the burden of the cultivators, (f) defence of civil rights, (g) separation of the judiciary from the executive, (h) change in the tenancy laws, (i) reduction in land revenue and salt duty, (j) policies to help in the growth of Indian industries and handicrafts, (k) introduction of welfare programmes for the people.
2) Lord Curzon was interested in the partition of Bengal because to improve administration. The partition was done in order to create a separate State for Muslims and so introduce the poison of communalism in the country.Indians viewed the partition as an attempt by the British to disrupt the growing national movement in Bengal and divide the Hindus and Muslims of the region.
3) The significance of the Satyagraha of Gandhi in Africa was to fight against the policy of racial discrimination of the South African Government.The treatment of the Indians in South Africa by the British provoked his conscience.During the course of his struggle against the government he evolved the technique of Satyagraha.
4) No, the Non-Cooperation movement was not successful in its goal.
The non-cooperation movement failed to achieve success, yet it succeeded to prepare a platform for the future movements. After taking back the Non-Cooperation movement, Gandhiji and his followers were busy in creative activities in village areas. By this he gave the message to the people to remove the cast based animosity.
5) The Simon Commission asked to leave India because The Commission had no Indian member in it. The Indians boycotted this all-White commission. Therefore, when this Commission arrived in India, it faced protests all over the country. Black flags were shown, demonstrations and Hartals took place all over the country.
6) Dandi March lead to the arrest of Gandhi because Gandhi committed a technical breach of the Salt Law on 6th April, 1930, when he picked up the scattered sea salt from the coast to break this Law.
7) Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw a bomb inside the Central Legislative Assembly on 8th April, 1929 protesting against the passage of the Public Safety Bill and the Trade Disputes Bill while raising slogans of Inquilab Zindabad, though no one was killed or injured in the bomb incident. Following the trial in court of this and other cases, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru werehanged in 1931. Their sacrifice provided an incentive to the people. They were regarded martyrs and became the symbol of national unity and aspirations.
8) The role of Azad Hind Fauz led by Subhash Chandra Bose in the Indian National Movement were when the Second World War broke out in 1939, the Congress attitude was one of sympathy, though it refused unconditional cooperation.The fauj selected radio station to encourage countrymen to fight for freedom. It formed Azad Hind Radio to broadcast news in the most common languages of the Indians.
9) The Quit India Movement became one of the greatest mass-movements of historical significance. It demonstrated the depth of national sentiments and indicated the capacity of the Indian people for sacrifice and determined struggle. After this movement there was no retreat.The first round of talks could not be successful because Muslim leaders thought that the Muslim League was the only one who could represent Indian Muslims. The Congress did not agree upon it. In 1946, the Cabinet Mission arrived in India to find a mutually agreed solution of the Indian Problem. The Mission held talks with the leaders of all prominent political parties and then proposed its plan of establishing Federal Government in India.
10) The three causes that forced the Britishers give India independence in the twentieth century were as follows:-
a) The Partition of Bengal
b) Ending of World War II
c) Weakening the power of Britishers.