NIOS Class 10 Social Science Chapter 3 Solution – Modern World – I
NIOS Class 10 Social Science Solution Chapter 3 Modern World – I. NIOS Class 10 Social Science Chapter 3 Question Answers Download PDF. NIOS Class 10 Science Notes.
NIOS Class 10 Social Science Chapter 3 Solution
Board | NIOS |
Class | 10th (Secondary) |
Subject | Social Science |
Topic | Question Answer, Solution, Notes |
IN text questions 3.1
1. Fill in the blanks:
(a) ………………… expressed its belief in the creative potential of human beings.
(b) Ignatius Loyal founded the …………………
2. Define feudalism. Give at least two features of feudalism.
3. What were the main ideas of Renaissance?
4. Enlist at least two teachings of Martin Luther which influenced reforms in the
Church.
IN text questions 3.2
1.) Choose the correct answer:
(a) Who discovered the sea route to India?
(i) Bartholomew Diaz (ii) Vasco da Gama (iii) Columbus (iv) None of these
(b) Which of the following was not a result of the voyages of discovery?
(i) Setting up of colonies in Asia and Africa
(ii) Expansion of European commerce
(iii) Rise in the prosperity of the colonies
(iv) Beginning of slave trade
2. Name at least two contributions of the Renaissance in the field of Science.
3. Enlist at least three discoveries which helped the Europeans to find new sea routes.
4. Identify the significant change in the society due to the Industrial Revolution.
IN text questions 3.3
1. Choose the correct answer:
(a) In how many colonies was America divided?
(i) 13 (ii) 14 (iii) 15 (iv) 16
(b) The Third Estate in France comprised of the:
(i) Nobility (ii) Clergy (iii) Commoners (iv) Monarchy
(c) German Unification was successfully carried out under the leadership of:
(i) Cavour (ii) Mazzini (iii) Bismarck (iv) Garibaldi
2. ‘The Glorious Revolution of 1688 was a source of inspiration for the world’.
Justify this statement within 30 words.
3. Enlist at least two similarities between the American War of Independence and
the French Revolution.
4. The Russian Revolution was inspired by the ideology of socialism. Explain briefly.
Terminal Exercises:-
1.) How did the rise of towns and emergence of trade led to the decline of feudalism?
2.) Why do you think Renaissance marks a break from earlier patterns of thought
and existence? Write in about 100 words.
3.) How did the Reformation impact Europe and the rest of the world?
4.) How did the discovery of new lands change the economy and society in the
modern world?
5.) Enlist the main ideas given in the Declaration of American Independence.
6.) Which ideas of the French Revolution had an impact on the world order?
7.) Discuss the strategies used by the German and Italian leaders for their unification.
8.) Describe the conditions of the industrial workers which influenced the Russian
Revolution.
Answers-
Chapter 3:
IN text questions 3.1
1) a) Renaissance scholars
b) Society of Jesus
2) Feudalism is defined as a system in which people were given land and protection by lords in return for their labour. Its two features were:
a) The workers worked and fought for their lords.
b) The king was the most powerful feudal chief.
3) The spirit of humanism, rationalism and inquiry.
4) a) Martin Luther advocated for salvation through faith on Jesus Christ and not through the blind faith on the church.
b) The Bible was the only source of religious authority.
IN text questions 3.2
1) a) (ii)
b) (iii)
2) a) The emphasis on reason than on blind faith.
b) Scientific inquiry based on observation and experimentation.
3) Compass, astrolabe and the art of map making.
4) The society became unequal and was divided into two groups of people – the capitalist or the bourgeoisie and the worker or the proletariat.
IN text questions 3.3
1) a) (i)
b) (iii)
c) (iii)
2) The Glorious Revolution proved to be a source of inspiration for the world because the Parliament was able to replace the autocratic rule of James II with a constitutional form of government without shedding any blood.
3) a) Both the Revolutions helped assert the rights of the people and spoke against exploitation.
(b) Both popularised the feeling of nationalism all over the world.
4) The French and Renaissance ideas like equality, freedom of speech and democracy, along with the writings of Marx helped in strengthening the idea of socialism. It advocated the control of the ownership of the means of production in the hands of the state which would give birth to an equal society. This influenced people and led to political awakening of the people, especially the workers resulting in the Russian Revolution.
Terminal Exercises:-
1) Feudalism as an institution flourished in Europe for many centuries. But with the rise of the middle class, it started to decline. Rise of powerful kingdoms as well as warfare between the feudal lords further led to its decline. Emergence of new towns and cities and a revival of trade also led to the disintegration of the feudal system. These towns were centers of production and were governed by elected representatives. The atmosphere of the towns was free from feudal restriction and control as people were free to go anywhere and to take up any profession. Towns attracted artisans and peasants from rural areas because they provided better prospects of living and acting as a refuge from feudal exploitation. The lords began to accept money from their vassals instead of services as they also needed money to buy various luxurious commodities. This led to the rise of a powerful merchant class. They now began to aspire for a higher status in the social hierarchy. They began to support the powerful monarchs to undermine the position of the feudal lords which weakened the feudal structure and led to the decline of the feudal order.
2) Renaissance started in Italy around 14th Century AD. The new form of political and social organization gave political freedom and a suitable atmosphere for academic, artistic and cultural advancement. The new ideas that were generated in this period like humanism, rationalism and the spirit of inquiry brought a profound change in the thinking pattern of the people. The spirit of Humanism also found expression in the field of art and literature. The greatest achievements of Renaissance artists were in the field of paintings. The Renaissance spirit also marks the rise of Nationalism in Europe. People now began to free themselves of medieval religious restrictions and bonds. National identities grew stronger and this was reflected in the development of modern European languages such as Italian, Spanish, French, German, English etc. as the languages of literature. The writers used local languages in poetry, drama, prose, etc., instead of Latin.
3) The Reformation impact Europe and the rest of the world by the following ways:-
a) The Reformation proved to be a great upheaval for religious revival. A Reform Movement also took place within the Catholic Church. This is known as the ‘Counter Reformation’.
b) It aimed to reduce corruption as well as to improve and strengthen Catholic Church.
c) It began in Spain where Ignatius Loyal founded the ‘Society of Jesus’ which stressed upon service of God, charity, chastity and missionary work.
d) The movement started by Martin Luther spread to other countries of Europe through the efforts of King Henry VIII of England, Huldreich Zwingli and John Calvin.
4) The spirit of inquiry encouraged many adventurers to discover new lands. The new trade routes that were discovered changed the history of the world. It is said that ‘God, Glory and Gold’ was the main motive behind these discoveries. But the motive of gold or economic need was the most important. Before the geographical discoveries, Europeans obtained articles like spices, cotton, precious gems, silk, etc. from the Eastern part of the world. They travelled through the Arabic and Islamic territories for the supply of these articles.
5) The main ideas given in the Declaration of American Independence are as follows:-
a) The American Revolution was a struggle by which the thirteen American colonies won independence from Britain and gave birth to the nation that is now called the United States of America (USA).
b) The ‘Declaration of Independence’ on 4 July, 1776 at a Congress at Philadelphia which proclaimed their independence from Great Britain and the formation of a cooperative union.
c) It inspired the whole world with its emphasis on equality, right to life, liberty and pursuit of happiness.
d) The Bill of Rights granted many freedoms such as freedom of speech, press, religion and justice under law.
6) The ideas of the French Revolution which had an impact on the world order are given below:-
a) In the 18th century, French society was still feudal in character with the monarch exercising complete authority.
b) It was divided into three classes or estates. The First Estate of Clergy or Church and the Second Estate of Nobility enjoyed all the luxuries and many privileges over religion and the governance of the country. The Third Estate of the Commoners such as peasantry, city workers and the middle class were heavily burdened with taxes.
c) The third estate demanded equality in taxation and abolition of special privileges enjoyed by the first two estates. It declared itself a National Assembly and took over the sovereign power from the Emperor.
d) This was influenced by the U.S. Declaration of Independence, asserting the equality of all men, the sovereignty of the people and the rights to liberty, property, security, right to education, to free speech, to be informed, right of the poor to public assistance, a ban on torture and slavery, recognition of the right of the peopleto choose their government and the eligibility of all citizens for employment in public offices.
7) The strategies used by the German and Italian leaders for their unification are given below:-
Italy:-
a) In the 18th century, Italy was a collection of states, each having its own monarch and traditions.
b) The Pope established their own political rule in what were called the Papal States.
c) They became centers of political life, banking and foreign trade.
d) During the Renaissance, Italy became even more important than the other states.
e) Many revolutionaries like Mazzini and Garibaldi along with some secret societies kept spreading the idea of an independent unified republic among the Italians.
f) The process of unification of Italy began with the Congress of Vienna in 1815 and ended with the Franco-Prussian War in 1871.
Germany:-
a) After Napoleon’s defeat in 1815, many Germans wanted an independent Germany.
b) Germany was a confederation of 39 small states, led by Austria and Prussia. These states were always at war with one another, deterring the economic progress of Germany.
c) Bismarck promised the province of Venice to Italy and kept her out of the war. Austria was forced to give Venice to Italy, ending the Austrian control in Italy. He also promised territorial compensation to Napoleon III of France and kept it out of the war.
d) The only obstacles to Prussian dominance of Germany were four small German states in Southern Germany and the disapproval of Napoleon III of France.
e) The unification of Germany was complete under Kaiser William I. Soon Germany emerged as the leading power in Europe, building a colonial empire to further German economic interest and increase German influence in the world.
8) The conditions of the industrial workers which influenced the Russian Revolution were,
a) Russia was industrially backward and was based on an agrarian economy.
b) Tsar was an autocratic and oppressive ruler; hence the workers and the peasants suffered a lot.
c) The Revolution of 1905 led to the formation of a constitutional monarchy with the formation of the Duma; the members of whom were representatives of peasants, townsmen and gentry.
d) In 1917, another revolution occurred in Russia. It happened because the condition of the Russian workers and peasants, and non-Russians living in Russia had become quite miserable under the autocratic rule of Tsar Nicholas II.
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