NIOS Class 10 Social Science Chapter 27 Solution – Peace And Security
NIOS Class 10 Social Science Solution Chapter 27 Peace And Security. NIOS Class 10 Social Science Chapter 27 Question Answers Download PDF. NIOS Class 10 Science Notes.
NIOS Class 10 Social Science Chapter 27 Solution
Board |
NIOS |
Class |
10th (Secondary) |
Subject |
Social Science |
Topic |
Question Answer, Solution, Notes |
INTEXT QUESTIONS 27.1
1. Fill in the blanks:
(a) Peace really does not mean a state of mind or a condition with complete absence of ………………
(b) Peace is a state of harmony characterized by the existence of
……………..
(c) Security means a secure condition or feeling untroubled by ………… It also means the safety of ……………….
(d) In its most basic sense, security implies freedom from ………………………..
2. Why is peace and security considered so important ?
3. What are the three basic differences between traditional and new or nontraditional concepts of peace and security ?
INTEXT QUESTIONS 27.2
1. Why did India need to evolve and adopt a specific approach for both international and internal peace and security?
2. What has been the contribution of freedom movement in the evolution of an
approach to peace and security?
3. What is the approach for peace and security mentioned in the Indian Constitution?
4. What according to you would be the most effective methods for ensuring both
internal and international peace and security?
INTEXT QUESTIONS 27.3
1. Fill in the blank:
(a) India has been experiencing various types of violent activities under the
garb of (i) …………. (ii) …………… (iii) …………….
(b) Terrorism is a criminal act to …………… on civilians and to ……………
generally for a political or ideological purpose.
(c) The insurgency in India is of two types: (i) movements with …………..
and (ii) movements for …………
2. What are the main strategies being used by the governments to deal with
insurgency?
3. What steps, according to you, the governments should take to solve the problem of insurgency?
INTEXT QUESTIONS 27.4
1. What are the basic objectives of Indian Foreign Policy?
2. Why did India adopt the policy of non-alignment?
3. Fill in the blanks:
1. India was ……………………… of non-aligned movement.
2. India has always viewed United Nations (UN) as a vehicle for………. in world politics.
3. India has been extending all out support to UN in its ………………………and other endeavours like ………………………
4. India has a strong case for becoming a ……………………… in the Security
Council.
TERMINAL EXERCISES
1. What is the meaning of the term peace and security? How is the traditional notion of the term different from the new or non-traditional notion?
2. Do you agree that there is a mutual relationship between peace and security on
one hand and democracy and development on the other? Justify your answer.
3. What contribution did the national freedom movement make to evolve the
strategies and methods to deal with threats to peace and security?
4. What are the major threats to peace and security in India? What are the major
strategies and methods that India has been employing?
5. Examine the Indian Foreign Policy in the context of peace and security.
6. How is the policy of non-alignment relevant in the context of the changed nature of international politics?
7. How has India been extending its support to the United Nations? Why Should
India be made a permanent member of the Security Council?
Answers-
Chapter 27:
IN text questions 27.1
1) (a) disturbances or conflicts (b) healthy interpersonal or inter-group or inter-regional or inter-state or international relationships, prosperity in matters of social or economic welfare, the establishment of equality, and a working political order that serves the true interests of all.(c) by danger or fear, an individual, an institution, a region, a nation or the world. (d) Extremely dangerous threats
2)Peace and security considered so important because it is a condition where individuals, institutions, regions, nations and the world move ahead without any threat. In this condition regions or nations are generally more stable domestically, likely to be democratically governed and respectful to human rights. Conflict not only generates threat and fear, but also hampers economic, social, or political advancement.
3) The three basic differences between traditional and new or non-traditional concepts of peace and security are (i) the new or non-traditional notion of peace and security is much broader and goes beyond military threats to include wide range of dangers and threats to human existence. (ii) It includes not only regions and nations, but also individuals or communities and the human kind at large. (iii) According to new understanding, peace and security is to be seen as the precondition to socio-economic development and to the maintenance of human dignity. (iv) The new notion also includes freedom of individuals from hunger, freedom from wants, diseases and epidemics, environmental degradation, exploitation and subhuman treatment.
IN text questions 27.2
1)India need to evolve and adopt a specific approach for both international and internal peace and security because the absence of peace and security democracy cannot function and development cannot take place. Citizens can participate in the process of decision-making at different levels only when the peace prevails. Peace is still more essential for development in various areas. On the other hand peace cannot be achieved in the absence of democracy and development. Democracy is better placed for eliminating conditions that generate public dissatisfaction. Development also promotes peace. It is through development that nations can ensure social and economic progress for the people and improve their quality of life.
2)The contribution of freedom movement in the evolution of an approach to peace and security are the leadership clearly realized that the democratic system after independence can be functional only when a condition of peace and security is maintained. The consensus that emerged for adopting socialistic approach to socio-economic development during freedom struggle was aimed at creating conditions that promote security against internal threats to peace.
3)The approach for peace and security mentioned in the Indian Constitution were adopted a policy aimed at promotion of international peace and security. It has provisions for the support to all effortsbeing made at the global or regional level for peace, equitable economic development, promotion of human rights and elimination of terrorism.
4)The most effective methods for ensuring both internal and international peace and security are the democratic institutions and processes must be strengthened. Efforts should continue to be made to accelerate the pace of socio-economic development in all parts of the country. People must be encouraged to participate in democratic processes and development activities. India must support all international efforts for maintaining peace and security.
IN text questions 27.3
1) (a) (i) terrorism, (ii) insurgency, (iii) Naxalite movement (b) inflict dramatic and deadly injury , create an atmosphere of fear (c) (i) political motives (ii) social and economic justice
2) The main strategies being used by the governments to deal with insurgency are the Government of India is trying to tackle it diplomatically. India has entered into a treaty with Myanmar and very recently Bangladesh to restrain the help and support coming to insurgent movements from those countries. It is also trying to mount international pressure on Pakistan to do the same. In respect of the Naxalite movement it was realized that it is a more serious issue, having deep socioeconomic dimensions. Efforts are being made to accelerate the pace of development in those areas and to bring the youth in to the mainstream.
3) The stepsthe governments should take to solve the problem of insurgency are all must have equal opportunity for education and employment. The democratic institutions and processes must be strengthened to provide equal opportunities to participate. Efforts needed at international level are supporting the institutions and processes that are engaged in maintaining international peace and security. All-out efforts are to be made to contain terrorism.
IN text questions 27.4
1)The basic objectives of Indian Foreign Policy are (i) Maintenance of freedom in policy formulation; (ii) promotion of international peace and security; (iii) good relationships with other nations and especially with our neighbours; (iv) support to the United Nations; (v) disarmament; opposition to colonialism, imperialism and racism; and (vi) cooperation among developing nations.
2)India had adopted the policy of non-alignment because it provided an opportunity to developing nations for protecting their sovereignty as also retaining their freedom of action during thetension ridden cold war period. The Non-Aligned Movement is providing all member states, regardless of size and importance, an opportunity to participate in global decision making and world politics.
3) (a) prime architect (b) peace and security and for peaceful change (c) peacekeeping operations, disarmament (d) permanent member.
Terminal Exercises:
1) Peace and Security: While accepting the varied perceptions of both the words, it is evident that peace and security are inseparable. Combined together, it is a condition where individuals, institutions, regions, nations and the world move ahead without any threat. In this condition regions or nations are generally more stable domestically, likely to be democratically governed and respectful to human rights. Conflict not only generates threat and fear, but also hampers economic, social, or political advancement.
2) There is a mutual relationship between democracy and development, and peace and security. In the absence of peace and security, democracy cannot function and development cannot take place. It is necessary to have peace for holding of elections. The democratic institutions cannot function if there is no peace. Citizens can participate in the process of decision-making at different levels only when the peace prevails. Peace is still more essential for development in various areas. No development activity is possible if there is disturbance, violence or war.
3) The ideas and views about the approach to ensure peace and security began during freedom movement. The leadership clearly realized that the democratic system after independence can be functional only when a condition of peace and security is maintained. The development process cannot be accelerated unless the peace prevails. Which is why, the leadership of the freedom movement expressed that independent India would make all-out efforts to maintain and promote international peace and security. They extended support to all the anti-colonial and anti-racist movements in the world and championed the cause of democracy. The consensus that emerged for adopting socialistic approach to socio-economic development, laying emphasis on social justice and secularism was aimed at creating conditions that promote security against internal threats to peace.
4) The major threats to peace and security in India are terrorism, Naxalite movement, Insurgency.
The Government of India has been employing strategies and methods to deal with terrorism, insurgency and naxalite movement. It has been supporting efforts of all nations to fight terrorism and seeking their support whenever any terrorist attack takes place. Diplomatically it is trying to put international pressure on Pakistan and other neighbouring countries to extend their active cooperation in ensuring that the support to such terrorist groups does not come from them. As regards the insurgency activities aimed at political objectives, the Government of India is trying to tackle it diplomatically. India has entered into a treaty with Myanmar and very recently Bangladesh to restrain the help and support coming to insurgent movements from those countries. It is also trying to mount international pressure on Pakistan to do the same. In respect of the Naxalite movement in the initial phase the State governments treated it as a law and order problem. But it was realized that it is a more serious issue, having deep socio-economic dimensions. Efforts are being made to accelerate the pace of development in those areas and to bring the youth in to the mainstream.
5) Indian Foreign Policy:-India has been pursuing a foreign policy in which peace and security at the international level and especially in our neighbourhood and in our region asa whole has been a key concern. In fact, right from independence the basic objectives of Indian foreign policy have been (i) maintenance of freedom in policy formulation; (ii) promotion of international peace and security; (iii) good relationships with other nations and especially with our neighbours; (iv) support to the United Nations; (v) disarmament; opposition to colonialism, imperialism and racism; and (vi) cooperation among developing nations.
6) Policy of non-alignment: Non-alignment has been regarded as the most important feature of India’s foreign policy. India led the process of evolution of the concept of non-alignment during the period, when the world was divided between two camps: western nations led by the United States of America constituting the one camp and the communist nations led by the Soviet Union constituting the other. It was a known as period of cold war between the two camps. Cold War was intense rivalry between USA and Soviet Union without fighting a direct war to attract allies in Africa, Asia and Latin America. It started soon after the Second World War and continued for forty five years. These two big countries became two opposite poles known as East and West and the world politics revolved around these two poles. In fact, the world became bipolar.Non-alignment aimed at maintaining national independence in foreign affairs by not joining any of the two military alliances formed by the USA and Soviet Union. Nonalignment was neither neutrality nor non-involvement nor isolationism. It was a dynamic concept which meant not committing to any military bloc but taking an independent stand on international issues according to the merits of each case. The policy of non-alignment won many supporters in the developing countries as it provided an opportunity to them for protecting their sovereignty as also retaining their freedom of action during the tension ridden cold war period. India as the prime architect of non-alignment and as one of the leading members of the non-aligned movement has taken an active part in its growth. The Non-Aligned Movement is providing all member states, regardless of size and importance, an opportunity to participate in global decision making and world politics.
7) India has always viewed United Nations (UN) as a vehicle for peace and security and for peaceful change in world politics. Being one of the 51 Original or founding Members of the United Nations, India has been extending all out support in its efforts for international peace and security and disarmament. India expects that the UN must involve countries to moderate their differences through talks or negotiations. Moreover, India has advocated active role for UN in development effort of the developing countries. It has pleaded for a common united front of these countries in the UN. It believes that the nonaligned world by virtue of its massive number could play a constructive and meaningful role in the UN by stopping the superpowers from using this world body for their own interests. Security Council, an important organ of United Nations plays a key role in the maintenance of international peace and security that is why, a process of its reforms has been initiated and there is the possibility of expanding its permanent membership. India has a strong case for becoming a permanent member in the Security Council.