NIOS Class 10 Social Science Chapter 22 Solution – People’s Participation In The Democratic Process

NIOS Class 10 Social Science Chapter 22 Solution – People’s Participation In The Democratic Process

NIOS Class 10 Social Science Solution Chapter 22 People’s Participation In The Democratic Process. NIOS Class 10 Social Science Chapter 22 Question Answers Download PDF. NIOS Class 10 Science Notes.

NIOS Class 10 Social Science Chapter 22 Solution

Board

NIOS
Class

10th (Secondary)

Subject

Social Science
Topic

Question Answer, Solution, Notes

 

INTEXT QUESTIONS 22.1

1. What do you mean by people’s participation in the democratic process?

2. Are ‘public opinion’ and ‘voice of the people’ synonyms? Give reasons to your
answer.

3. Explain the importance of Public Opinion in a democracy.

4. List any two agencies which help in the formation of public opinion? Which
agency according to you has the most powerful impact on public opinion?

 

INTEXT QUESTIONS 22.2

1. Examine the importance of elections in India.

2. What do you mean by direct and indirect elections?

3. Fill in the blanks

1. Elections held after the expiry of the full term of the legislatures are known
as …….

2. If the elections are held before the completion of the normal term of the
legislature owing to the dissolution of legislative bodies, these are called ……………

3. An election held in a particular constituency owing to a vacancy caused by resignation or death of the elected member, or when the election of a particular member is set aside by the judiciary is known as …………..

 

INTEXT QUESTIONS 22.3

1. How is the Election Commission constituted?

2. What according to you are the two most critical functions of the Election Commission?

3. Who are the main election officials from state level to the level of polling booth?

4. If you are assigned the task of acting as a Returning Officer, what main functions will you perform and how will you ensure free, fare and peaceful poll in the constituency?

5. What are the five major stages of electoral process in India?

 

INTEXT QUESTIONS 22.4

1. Universal adult franchise ensures that the vote of every Indian citizen is equally
valuable. Do you think that this has been able to reduce inequalities related to
class, caste, gender and religion . Justify your view point.

2. Mention any three problems that are confronted by the electoral system in India.

3. Mention any two electoral reforms you think are important to improve our
electoral system.

 

TERMINAL EXERCISES

1. What do you mean by people’s participation in the democratic process? Do you
think, casting votes in elections is the be-all and end-all of people’s participation?
Give reasons.

2. Define Public Opinion and discuss its importance in a democracy.

3. Give any four agencies which help to formulate public opinion. Which agency
according to you has the most powerful impact on public opinion?

4. Examine the role of elections in Indian democratic system. Discuss the types of
elections that are held in the country.

5. What are the major functions of the Election Commission of India? What are
the major stages of election process?

6. What is meant by Universal Adult Franchise? Explain its significance.

7. In India where we see many inequalities related to class, caste, gender, religion,
how successful do you think is universal adult franchise?

8. Discuss any four major problems confronted by the electoral system in India.

9. Do you think there is an urgent need to effect electoral reforms in India? What
are the major recommendations for bringing about election reforms?

10. Make an Action Plan for the Election Commission, for bringing about reforms
in the process of electoral campaigning. The Plan should help promote effective
dissemination of information among the general public, about political parties and
candidates.

 

Answers- 

Chapter 22:

IN text questions 22.1

1)People’s participation in the democratic process is defined as the voting in elections, it is also expressed through public debates, newspaper editorials, protest demonstrations and their active involvement in governmental programmes. Even in respect of election process, it includes participation in campaign, political discussion, working for political parties and standing as candidates.

2) ‘Voice of the people’ and ‘public opinion’ are not the same meaning. Public opinion is not the unanimous opinion of the people, nor is it the opinion of the majority. Public opinion is an organized and considered opinion of the people on any issue of public concern. Public opinion can also be defined as the complex collection of opinions of many different people and the sum of all their views.

3)The importance of Public Opinion in a democracy are a democratic government draws its authority from the people and claims its legitimacy from the consent of the governed. No government can function without the support of the people. The process of development of public opinion generates thinking, promotes awareness and invites people’s views on issues of public concern. An alert and free public opinion is a check on absolute power and it promotes a process to be responsive to the needs and aspirations of the people. It also influences government in making laws in the interest of the people.

4) Print media and electronic media. Do it yourself.

 

IN text questions 22.2

1)The importance of elections in India are it provides opportunities to the people to participate actively in the functioning of the democratic government. Elections also widen the scope of political awakening among the masses and educate them by familiarizing them with issues of public concern. They facilitate peaceful transfer of power from one political party or one group of political parties to another and legitimise the working of the government by justifying the authority of representatives lead people.

2)Direct and indirect elections: In direct elections, people vote directly through their ballot to elect their representatives to legislative bodies (Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies) and local government institutions. In indirect elections, the elected representatives of the people vote for electing persons to occupy certain positions. The President and the Vice-President of India are indirectly elected. The members of the Rajya Sabha also are elected indirectly.

3) (a) General Elections, (b) Mid-term Elections, (c) Bye Election

 

IN text questions 22.3

1)It consists of a Chief Election Commissioner and such number of Election Commissioners as the President may fix in accordance with the law. Nowadays, The Election Commission of India consists of a Chief Election Commissioner and two Election Commissioners.

2)The two most critical functions of the Election Commission are as follows:

(i) Ensuring free and fair elections in the country

(ii) Supervision, direction and control of the entire election machinery.

3) The main election officers are the Chief Electoral Officer of the State, District Election Officers, Electoral Registration Officers, Returning Officers, Assistant Electoral Registration Officers, Assistant Returning Officers, and Polling officers.

4)The main functions performed by a returning officer are:

(a) Receives and scrutinizes the nomination papers of the candidates contesting elections,

(b) allots election symbols on behalf of the Election Commission,

(c) Conducts smooth elections in the constituency (ies),

(d) Ensures counting of votes, and

(e) Declares the election results.

5)The five major stages of electoral process in India:

(i) Delimitation of constituencies is the first step which is undertaken by the Delimitation Commission;

(ii) Preparation and revision of the electoral roll constitute the next step done under the supervision of the Election Commission periodically;

(iii) Consequent upon the President’s and Governor’s notifications, the Election Commission undertakes the task of conducting elections in the country;

(iv) the election schedule is announced indicating the dates for filling the nomination papers, their scrutiny, withdrawals, polling, counting of the votes, and declaration of the election results;

(v) Allotment of election symbols to the candidates and the political parties is done by the Election Commission.

 

IN text questions 22.4

1)Do it yourself.

2)Three problems that are confronted by the electoral system in India are given below:

(a) Rigging of the elections – fake and bogus voting, impersonation;

(b) Violence during elections and

(c) Adverse role of money and muscle power.

3)Two electoral reforms you think are important to improve our electoral system are : (i) the functioning of political parties to be regulated in order to ensure that they function in a transparent and democratic manner. There is a need to audit their expenditure incurred during the elections; (ii) electoral laws to be made more stringent and there must be provisions for harsher punishment.

 

Terminal Exercises:

1) Indians have been participating in elections regularly for over six decades. People have been electing their representatives for running governments at national and state levels and also for local governments. Voting in elections is a formal and simple form of political participation. People’s participation becomes effective only when there is a respect for public opinion. Within a country there are people and groups having different points of view, some people have disagreements with certain policies or programmes of the government. A process of debate and discussion is important for a healthy democracy. The essence of democracy is the freedom to voice one’s opinion even if it is critical of the government. In fact, democracy is enriched when different voices and constructive opinions influence the policies of the government. Democratic government is a government that sustains itself through public opinion which is expressed through the medium of elections.

2) The role of public opinion, in a democracy cannot be ignored. The democratic government draws its authority from the people and claims its legitimacy from the consent of the governed. No government can function without the support of the people. The process of development of public opinion generates thinking, promotes awareness and invites people’s views on issues of public concern.

3) a) Print Media: Newspapers, periodicals, magazines and other print materials have been contributing to the formulation of public opinion since a long time. As you are very well aware, the news items, articles, news stories, letters to editors and several other published items on almost all the critical public issues update the individual views and opinions.

b) Electronic Media: Cinema, radio, T.V. channels and now cell phones have emerged as perhaps the most effective tools that contribute to the formulation of public opinion. Their audio-visual mode helps a great deal in assimilating views and opinions expressed even in the remotest part of the country. They help in converting views into the most representative public opinion and also in communicating it to all concerned.

c) Political Parties constitute an important agency for opinion formation. As you also may be experiencing, almost everyday, the political parties and their leaders feed the people with facts and ideas.

d) Legislatures: Legislatures, Parliament and State Legislatures in our country are the most effective institutions that make substantive contribution to the formation of public opinion. The impact of their contribution has increased manifold since the beginning of the live telecast of legislative debates.

4) The most important expressions of public opinion, as these enable the people to express their will. In fact, elections widen the scope of political awakening among the masses and educate them by familiarising them with issues of public concern. Elections facilitate peaceful transfer of power from one political party or one group of political parties to another and legitimise the working of the government by justifying the authority of representatives to lead people.

5) The main functions of the Election Commission of India are as follows:

1. Ensure free and fair elections in the country;

2. Supervise, direct and control the entire election machinery; preparation of electoral roll;

3. Provide recognition to political parties and register them as national and state parties;

4. Allotment of symbols to political parties and the numerous independent candidates contesting the elections;

5. Issuing guidelines and code of conduct for the election officials, candidates, and for the political parties during the elections;

6. Redressal of election complaints received from the voters, the candidates and the political parties;

7. Appointment of electoral officials; and

8. Advising the President on matters relating to elections.

6) Universal Adult Franchise: Elections play an important role primarily because of the system of universal adult franchise adopted in India just after its independence. It is interesting to observe that in Great Britain, the universal adult franchise was granted in 1928, nearly 300 years after the process of democratization began. In Switzerland, the Home of Democracy, it was also granted as late as in 1972. In India, however, universal adult franchise became a part of the electoral process right from the beginning of our establishment as a democracy, that is, after Independence.

7) ‘Universal’ means commonly applicable to all persons, without any discrimination; ‘adult’ means a person who is a major and not a minor; ‘franchise’ means individual’s right to cast his/her vote. Universal adult franchise thus means, a system in which all adults, men and women, without any discrimination, have a right to vote in the elections. But all adults do not include those who are legally barred from voting.

8) a) rigging of the elections – fake and bogus voting, impersonation.

b) Violence during elections,

c)Adverse role of money and muscle power,

d) Booth capturing and criminalization in both elections and politics that demand immediate attention.

9) Do it yourself.

10) Do it yourself.

Updated: April 14, 2022 — 12:56 pm

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