NIOS Class 10 Social Science Chapter 21 Solution – Political Parties And Pressure Groups
NIOS Class 10 Social Science Solution Chapter 21 Political Parties And Pressure Groups. NIOS Class 10 Social Science Chapter 21 Question Answers Download PDF. NIOS Class 10 Science Notes.
NIOS Class 10 Social Science Chapter 21 Solution
Board |
NIOS |
Class |
10th (Secondary) |
Subject |
Social Science |
Topic |
Question Answer, Solution, Notes |
INTEXT QUESTIONS 21.1
1. Answer the following questions by selecting the right option out of the four
stated below:
(a) Which of the following is the characteristic of a political party?
(i) Group of people organized for betterment of their locality.
(ii) Group of people sharing similar religious views.
(iii) Group of people having common principles and views on public
matters.
(iv) Group of people attending an election meeting.
(b) Why do we need political parties in a democracy?
(i) To help legislature making laws.
(ii) To help executives administering the country.
(iii) To help judiciary delivering judgments.
(iv) To help people choosing their representatives.
(c) Which of the following is not a democracy?
INTEXT QUESTIONS 21.2
Answer the following questions by selecting the right option out of the four
stated below each item.
(a) Which one of the following is a correct statement?\
(i) India is a ‘one party system’.
(ii) Political parties in India came into in existence even before independence.
(iii) Political parties in India emerged only after independence.
(iv) The Congress did not get majority in Lok Sabha in 1989.
(b) Which of the following is not the function of political parties in a democratic
system:
(i) Political parties work secretly to bring a change in the system.
(ii) They shape public opinion.
(iii) They attempt to acquire political power.
(iv) They form opposition if not in majority in the legislature.
(c) Since when the coalitional governments in India have come to stay at the
national level?
INTEXT QUESTIONS 21.3
1. State any two features of India’s party system.
2. Write three major objectives of any two of the following political parties.
(i) Indian National Congress
(ii) The Bharatiya Janata Party
(iii) The Communist Party of India (Marxist)
(iv) The Bahujan Samaj Party
3. Which of the following is a regional political party in Jammu & Kashmir?
(i) Indian National Lok Dal (ii) National Conference (iii) Forward Bloc (iv) Rashtriya Janata Dal
4. The Shiv Sena is a political party in
(i) Maharashtra (ii) Tamil Nadu (iii) Bihar (iv) Uttrakhand
INTEXT QUESTIONS 21.4
1. What are Pressure groups? How do they differ from interest groups?
2. Write two differences between pressure groups and political parties?
3. Discuss at least three ways in which pressure groups try to influence the
policies of the government. Give suitable examples.
TERMINAL EXERCISE
1. Why do we need Political Parties?
2. What do you mean by a Political Party?
3. List any four characteristics of Political Parties.
4. Describe any four functions of Political Parties.
5. Explain briefly the policies of the Indian National Congress.
6. Describe three features of the nature of party system in India?
7. What is a pressure group?
8. Distinguish between political parties and the pressure groups highlighting two points.
9. Give a brief account of pressure groups in India.
10. What are Civil Society Organizations? Write the names of any two contemporary Civil Society Organizations in India.
Answers
Chapter 21:
IN text questions 21.1
1) (a) (iii) (b) (iv) (c) (iii)
IN text questions 21.2
(a) (ii)
(b) (i)
(c) (ii)
IN text questions 21.3
1)Two features of India’s party system are Competitive and coalitional.
2)Three major objectives:
(1) The Indian National Congress: (a) democracy, (b) secularism.
(2) The Bharatiya Janata Party: (a) nationalism and national integration, (b) Gandhian socialism
3) (ii)
4) (i)
IN text questions 21.4
1) A pressure group is defined as an interest group which exerts pressure on the government or the decision-makers for the fulfillment of the interests of its members. Pressure groups are different from interest groups in the sense that the interest groups may exist without even exerting influence on the government or the decision-makers. But unless a group exerts such pressure to influence or pressurize the authorities in order to achieve the desired objects, it may not be called a pressure group.
2)Two differences between pressure groups and political parties are given below:
(a) Pressure groups are not primarily political in nature. For example, although Rashtriya Swayamak Sangh supports the Bharatiya Janata Party, it is, by and large, a cultural organization. Political parties are basically political in nature and orientation.
(b) Pressure groups do not contest elections; they only support political parties of their choice. Political parties nominate candidates, contest elections, and participate in elections campaigns.
3)The three ways in which pressure groups try to influence the policies of the government are Pressure groups play a vital role in the democratic functioning of a polity. They help promote, discuss, debate and mobilize public opinion on major public issues. Three ways used by pressure groups are: appeals, petitions and demonstrations. For instance, the Self-Employed Women’s Association (SEWA) has influenced the government to improve its policies on the rights of women workers. Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan led the people’s movement which forced the government to bring about the law on ‘Right to Information’.
Terminal Exercises:
1) We need Political Parties because
a) Parties tend to be profoundly and firmly rooted in a sustainable and well-functioning democracy in particular substructures of society.
b) They may connect the institutions of government to the elements of civil society in a free and equal society, and are considered essential for any modern democratic political system to work.
c) In a democratic society, political parties perform main tasks.
d) Soliciting and articulating goals of public policy and civic needs and concerns as identified by members and supporters.
2) A political party is generally described as an organized body of people who share common principles and cherish certain common goals regarding the political system. A political party operates and seeks political power through constitutional means to translate its policies into practice. It is a body of like-minded people having similar views on matters of public concern.
3) Four characteristics of Political Parties are-
a) A political party is an organized group of people.
b) The organized group of people believe in common principles and commongoals.
c) Its objectives revolve around seeking political power through collective efforts.
d) It employs constitutional and peaceful methods in seeking control over thegovernment through elections.
4) The four functions of Political Parties are-
a) they nominate candidates during elections;
b) they campaign to obtain support for their candidates in the elections;
c) they place objectives and programmes before the voters through theirmanifestos;
d) Those securing the majority in elections form the government and enact andimplement the policies.
5) The first two decades in India’s political history were dominated by the Congress and the period came to be described as the ‘Congress System’. The dominance of the Congress decreased gradually. Now it depended on coalition of political parties to come to power in the Centre. The Congress is committed to democracy, secularism, and socialism. It is, in a way, a centrist political party. While it champions the policy of liberalization, privatization, globalization called “LPG” on the one hand; it also works for the welfare of the weaker sections of society. It advocates both agrarian based Indian economy and industrialization. It seeks to strengthen grassroots institutions at the local level and claims to play a vital role in international institutions, especially in the United Nations.
6) Three features of the nature of party system in India are in general, the party system in India has not been a fixed one like a single party system or a dominant one-party system or a two-party system or a multiparty system. The features found in any of the above party systems may be found in India’s party system. For many years now, the party system has not been a single-party dominant system as it used to be the case till 1967. It is not now a one-party dominant system. The Indian party system is not a bi-party system that existed for a short period between 1977 and 1980. It is more a less a multiparty system because the national political parties depend largely on the support of regional political parties to stay in power at the Centre as well as in some States.
7) A pressure group is defined as an interest group which exerts pressure on the government or the decision-makers for the fulfilment of the interests of its members. Pressure groups are different from interest groups in the sense that the interest groups may exist without even exerting influence on the government or the decision-makers. But unless a group exerts such pressure to influence or pressurize the authorities in order to achieve the desired objects, it may not be called a pressure group.
8) Pressure groups are not primarily political in nature. For example, although Rashtriya Swayamak Sangh (RSS) supports the Bharatiya Janata Party, it is, by and large, a cultural organization. The political parties are basically political. z Pressure groups do not seek direct power; they only influence those who are in power for moulding decisions in their favour. The political parties seek power to form the government.
9) In the democratic functioning of a polity, pressure groups play a vital role. They seek to promote, discuss, debate and mobilize public opinion on major public issues. In this process, they educate people and widen their vision, enhance their democratic participation and raise and articulate various issues. These groups try to bring changes in public policy. To achieve their objectives and goals, the pressure groups employ various techniques and methods. These include appeals, petitions, demonstrations, picketing, lobbying, and processions. They also write in the media, distribute pamphlets, issue press releases, organize discussions and debates, put up posters and chant slogans.
10) Civil Society is an interface between the state and individual. Civil Society Organizations broadly refer to the active participation and engagement of men and women in groups – associations, organizations, voluntary agencies on the issues of common concern like environmental protection, price rise, prevention of corruption, etc. The 21st century witnessed the active involvement of people through civil society organizations which could be seen in number of protest movements across country.Some of the Civil Society Organizations include Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan (MKSS, Rajasthan), People’s Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL), and National Alliance of People’s Movements (NAPM).