NIOS Class 10 Social Science Chapter 2 Solution – Medieval World
NIOS Class 10 Social Science Solution Chapter 2 Medieval World. NIOS Class 10 Social Science Chapter 2 Question Answers Download PDF. NIOS Class 10 Science Notes.
NIOS Class 10 Social Science Chapter 2 Solution
Board | NIOS |
Class | 10th (Secondary) |
Subject | Social Science |
Topic | Question Answer, Solution, Notes |
Chapter 2:
IN text questions 2.1
1.) Describe the bond between the feudal lord and his vassal in about 30 words.
2.) Who were the serfs?
3.) Justify the following statements giving reasons for the same:
(a) The period from the 10th to the 12th century witnessed a revival of trade
and growth of town life.
(b) From the 13th century onwards there was a reversal in the trend of growth
of feudal economy.
(c) The cultural life before the 10th century was a prosperous time for learning
and the arts in Europe.
IN text questions 2.2
1.) Give reasons why Mecca arose into prominence.
2.) Enlist at least 5 fields in which we can see the contribution of Arab Civilisation.
3.) Fill in the blanks:
(a) In the South, it was the ……………. Dynasty that held way over most of the Peninsular India.
(b) The Mughal System was based on the smooth functioning of the ……………….. and ……………….. Systems.
(c) The ……………. were money changers who issued hundis or Bills of
Exchange.
(d) The Bhakti Movement stressed on oneness with God though ………………..
Terminal Exercises:-
1.) Explain why the Medieval Period is a significant period that needs to be studied
to understand the evolution of human society?
2.) Describe the changes that took place in the political and economic life in Western
Europe after the downfall of the Roman Empire.
3.) Examine the main features of Medieval Indian economy.
4.) What are the main teachings of Islam? Discuss in about 100 words.
5.) ‘Arab Civilisation in the Medieval Period left behind a legacy of sicoveries and
achievements’. Justify this statement.
6.) Differentiate between Iqtadars and Mansabs.
7.) What were the important teachings of the Bhakti Movement and Sufism? How
did acted as a bridge between the Hindus and the Muslims?
8.) Illustrate how Medieval Indian culture represented a harmonious synthesis of
traditions in the fields of arts, architecture and music.
Answers:-
IN text questions 2.1
1) The lord and his vassal shared a personal bond which was established through an elaborate ceremony. The vassal would take a vow to serve the lord while the lord protects the vassal in return.
2) Serfs were dependent peasants of Medieval Europe, tied to the soil and completely under the authority of the lord.
3) (a) Yes. Due to the increase in agricultural yield, people could now sell the excess produce and buy products of long distance trade.
(b) Yes. The reduction in labour services and technological stagnation led to lesser agricultural produce.
(c) No. Education was a privilege of the few with the masses given no education, and learning was dominated by blind faith.
IN text questions 2.2
1) Mecca rose into prominence because it lay on the junction of some major trade routes and it was a place of an important religious shrine, first with the diverse Arabian clans and tribes, and later with the spread of Islam.
2) Astrology, Medicine, Natural Sciences, Literature, Mathematics, Architecture.
3) (a) Chola (b) Mansabdari, Jagirdari (c) sarafs or shroffs (d) personal devotion.
Terminal Exercises:-
1) Medieval Period is a significant period that needs to be studied to understand the evolution of human society because it refers to the period which succeeded the Ancient Period and came before the Modern Period. In India, the Medieval Period was an age of synthesis. It saw a fusion of old and new political, economic and social systems. The Europeans greatly improved their standard of living. They also developed new institutions of learning and new modes of thought and reached very high standards in literature and art. During this period not only transformed Europe but also had a deep impact on the rest of the world.
2) The changes that took place in the political and economic life in Western Europe after the downfall of the Roman Empire are given below:-
a) The Germanic peoples in the West managed to restore political stability after the collapse of the Roman Empire, the political chaos led to the emergence of a new kind of political order called Feudalism. It was a hierarchical or graded organization of political sovereignty.
b) The serfs who occupied the parcels or holdings were regarded tenants of the lord of the manor. The serfs also had to pay some dues or taxes in kind which came from the share of their own produce. These were often introduced arbitrarily whenever the lord wanted more resources
c) The manor was a self-sufficient economic unit. This means that almost all articles of everyday use were produced and consumed on it.
3) The Features of Medieval Indian Economy are as follows,
a) The Delhi Sultanate as well as the Mughal Empire was based on the surplus of agricultural produce of the peasants that was extracted in the form of revenue.
b) In the Mughal Empire, particularly in the reign of Akbar, far reaching changes were made in the system of revenue collection.
c) The cash value of the state’s share of the produce was then calculated according to prevailing market prices and the revenue was fixed in cash terms accordingly.
d) The state encouraged payment of revenue in cash.
e) The state also advanced to peasants loans as well as revenue relief in times of crop failure.
f) Trade and commerce which had declined greatly following the period of the Guptas saw a revival during this time. Urban centers flourished after a considerable period of decline.
g) There were a large number of trading classes and commercial practices were of high standard and integrity.
4) The main teachings of Islam are given below:-
a) Islam teaches that there is only one God.
b) They believe in the Day of Judgment when the pious would be granted eternal life in paradise and the wicked would be damned.
c) Quran is the holy book of the Muslims which is a compilation of the revelations that Prophet Muhammad was believed to have received from God.
d) The followers of Islam are known as Muslims.
e) The Sunna or Practices of the Prophet and Hadis or Sayings of the Prophet also set the norms for desirable behaviour among Muslims.
f) In Islam, there are no intermediaries between the individual and God.
g) Islam has many similarities in doctrine and beliefs with Judaism and Christianity.
5) Arab Civilisation in the Medieval Period left behind a legacy of discoveries and achievements. Major of them are as follows:-
a) Al-Razi, known to the West as Rhazes, one of the greatest clinical physicians of the Medieval World who discovered the difference between measles and smallpox.
b) Ibn Sina, known to the West as Avicenna, discovered the infectious nature of tuberculosis and described several types of nervous ailments.
c) Arabic physicians also diagnosed cancer of the stomach and prescribed antidotes for cases of poisoning.
d) Arab physicists founded the Science of Optics and drew a number of significant conclusions regarding the velocity, transmission and refraction of light.
e) Arabs discovered various new substances and compounds like carbonate of soda, alum, saltpetre, nitric and sulphuric acids.
f) The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam is an example of poetry that is remembered to this day.
g) Architecture was the most important of the Arab arts. Arab architecture include mosques, palaces and madrasas. Its principal features were domes, minarets, arches etc.
h) In mathematics, the greatest accomplishment of Arabs was to bring together the Geometry of the Greeks and the Number System of the Indians.
6) In the Delhi Sultanate, military commanders were assigned territorial units known as iqtas. The assignees of these iqtas were not given ownership of the land but only control over the revenues collected from them. This revenue was to be used by the iqtadar, that is, the assignee to meet his own requirements as well as for the maintenance of his troops.
The mansabs were actually ranks of position which was fixed according to the position of the officers in Mughal bureaucracy and the military contingents under their command. These mansabdars were mostly paid through land assignments called jagirs which were frequently transferable. These were similar to iqtas, with the difference that while iqtas combined administrative charge, jagirs did not.
7) The important teachings of the Bhakti Movement and Sufism are as follows:-
a) The Bhakti Movement stressed on oneness with god through personal devotion came very close to the everyday lives of ordinary people.
b) It stressed on love, purity and devotion rather than rituals and sacrifices.
c) Guru Nanak had deep influence over the people of Punjab. His large following led him to found a new religion called Sikhism whose followers are called Sikhs.
d) The Sufi saints also stressed on devotion and love as the only way to realize the divine.
e) They preached tolerance and compassion. Bhaktis and Sufis had influence over the masses, both Hindus and Muslims, was very strong. There was also a lot of interaction between the Sufi and Bhakti saints and exchange of philosophical idea took place. Both traditions in fact acted as a bridge between the two communities.
8) Medieval Indian culture represented a harmonious synthesis of traditions in the fields of arts, architecture and music by the following ways:-
a) Language, literature, art, architecture, music and dance also bore out this trend of synthesis between different traditions.
b) Classical languages like Persian and Sanskrit flourished.
c) The Mughal School of painting represented a complete assimilation of the Persian and Indian styles.
d) The supervision of the Persian masters like Abdul Samad and Sayyid Ali brought in an element of Persian style as well. Manuscript Illustration was another hallmark of Mughal painting.
e) New features like the arch and the dome were combined with the use of Hindu motifs like bell, lotus, swastika and kalash/water pot.
f) The Qutub Minar, the Allai Darwaza and various monuments of the Tulghlaq Period like the Tomb of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq are fine examples of architecture during the Delhi Sultanate period.
g) Music was also patronized by most medieval rulers in India.
h) The Bhakti and Sufi traditions also gave an impetus to new devotional styles of music.
i) Indian system of vocal and instrumental musical interfaced with Arab, Iranian and Central Asian traditions of music. New ragas came to be composed.