NIOS Class 10 Social Science Chapter 18 Solution – Local Governments And Field Administration
NIOS Class 10 Social Science Solution Chapter 18 Local Governments And Field Administration. NIOS Class 10 Social Science Chapter 18 Question Answers Download PDF. NIOS Class 10 Science Notes.
NIOS Class 10 Social Science Chapter 18 Solution
Board |
NIOS |
Class |
10th (Secondary) |
Subject |
Social Science |
Topic |
Question Answer, Solution, Notes |
INTEXT QUESTIONS 18.1
1. Define local government. State two examples to justify the need for a local
government.
2. Trace the evolution of Panchayati Raj System since the ancient days.
3. Identify the type of local government institutions that are set up in the area where you reside and name the institutions.
4. To what extent do you think the facilities and support provided by the local
government impact our quality of life.
5. How has the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act 1992 impacted the Panchayati
Raj System?
INTEXT QUESTIONS 18.2
1. How is Village Panchayat constituted? What is the role of Gram Sabha or Village Assembly?
2. List the important functions of a Gram Panchayat. Which of these functions are
very essential? Are there certain functions which you feel the local governments
need not take up? If so, why?
3. Describe the different sources of income of a Village Panchayat.
4. Based on the functions of Panchayat Samiti and Zila Parishad, draw a Plan of
Action for one year to be implemented in a district by these institutions.
5. Collect information regarding reservation of seats for women in Panchayats from published Articles on Panchayati Raj or internet or your teachers or elders or your friends/classmates and list the names of States where the reservation for women in Panchayati Raj System is more than one-third.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 18.3
1. How many types of urban local bodies were functioning before the 74th Constitutional Amendment 1992? What changes did the Amendment make?
2. What are the functions of a Municipal Corporation? Why are these functions important?
3. What are the sources of income of a Municipal Corporation?
4. Urban local bodies take responsibilities for providing services to their respective areas. Do you think the citizens also have certain responsibilities? What are those?
INTEXT QUESTIONS 18.4
1. Examine the significance of District Administration in governance.
2. What are the major functions of a District Magistrate?
3. What opportunities do local bodies provide to citizens? What are the major
challenges of local bodies?
TERMINAL EXERCISES
1. Why are Local governments important? Express your own view point.
2. Explain the composition and functions of Panchayati Raj Instituions and examine their roles.
3. Explain briefly the structure and functioning of urban local bodies.
4. What are the major changes brought about by the 73rd & 74th Constitutional
Amendment Acts 1992 in the structure and roles of the Panchayati Raj System
and Urban local bodies?
5. Do you think that the 73rd & 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts 1992
empowered women in true sense of the term? Give justifications.
6. A widow with two children works as a domestic help in a village. She wants
to educate her children, but is unable to do so. Suggest the ways in which the
Sarpanch of the Gram Panchayat can ensure that her children and such other
children get education.
Answers-
Chapter 18:
IN text questions 18.1
1) Local government is defined as a government of the local people, by the local people and for the local people. The local government institutions provide a platform for the common people to participate and contribute to development and social justice at the local level. It provides a forum to them to deliberate on the nature of local problems and devise appropriate solutions that are in conformity with local situations. Local government is in fact a government which functions at the grassroots level.
2)The evolution of Panchayati Raj System since the ancient days: They had been variously known as Panchayats. Biradaries or by some other name, generally headed by village elders. By 73rd Constitutional Amendment Panchayati Raj System got constitutional status and consists of elected representatives of the people.
3)Do it yourself.
4)The facilities and support provided by the local government impact our quality of life are maintenance of water, drainage system, provision of drinking water etc. Thus impacts your quality of life in many ways.
5) The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act 1992 impacted the Panchayati Raj System (a) Established three tier Panchayati Raj System by-
(b) Establishment of District Planning Committees to prepare development plans for the districts;
(b) Establishment of Gram Sabha (village assemblies) and their empowerment as a decision making body at the village level; and(d) By ensuring reservation for Scheduled Castes, Schedule Tribes and women, the act has given them the opportunity to participate in the decision making process of local government and hence has empowered them (e) Established state finance commission, state election commission.
IN text questions 18.2
1)Village Panchayat constituted or Gram Panchayat is the grassroots institution of Panchayati Raj System. One-third of seats are reserved for women. Seats are also reserved for persons belonging to Scheduled Castes and Schedule Tribes. The Panchayat has a Sarpanch (Mukhia) who is directly elected by all the voters of the village. The panchayat also has panchs and a Vice Chairperson elected by the members of the Panchayat.
2)The important functions of a Gram Panchayat are: (i) provision of safe drinking water, (ii) paving of streets, (iii) developing and maintaining good drainage system. Discretionary functions are some of the functions which the Panchayat may not necessarily take up.
3)The different sources of income of a Village Panchayat are as follows: (i) taxes on property, land, goods and cattle; (ii) rent collected for facilities like Barat Ghar or any other property of panchayat; (iii) various types of fines collected from the offenders; (iv) a part of the land revenue collected by the State Government given to the Panchayats; and (v) donations collected from the villagers for some common cause. (vi) grants-in-aid from State and Union government.
4)Do it yourself.
5) Do it yourself.
IN text questions 18.3
1)The types of urban local bodies were functioning before the 74th Constitutional Amendment 1992 are: (i) Municipal Corporations, (ii) Municipalities, (iii) Town Area Committees and (iv) Notified Area Committees. But the 74th Constitutional Amendment 1992 brought about major changes in the system of urban local government. Now three types of urban local governments are functioning: (a) Municipal Corporations for the big cities, (b) Municipal Councils for smaller cities and (c) Nagar Panchayats for those areas that are in transition from rural areas to urban areas.
2)The functions of a Municipal Corporation are Health, water supply or electricity are all of critical importance in every person’s life, by ensuring that the city is clean, or providing for hospital and safe drinking water, the municipal corporation helps in improving the quality of life of citizens.
3)The sources of income of a Municipal Corporation are:
(i) Income from taxes – Housing tax, entertainment tax, tax on hoardings etc. (ii) Grant-in-Aid from State and Union Government (iii) Income from rents – Municipal corporation rent out properties like shops, kiosks, community halls etc. (iv) other fees and charges like toll tax, sewer charges, water and electricity charges etc.
4) Do it yourself.
IN text questions 18.4
1)The significance of District Administration in governance: District administration is headed by District Magistrate other officials of the District Administration are Superintendent of Police, District Education Officer, District Agriculture Officer, SDOs etc. Sub Divisional Officer. The SDO assists the District Magistrate in the field of administration and also works as his/her representative. He/she keeps the land records and collects land revenue and has the power to issue Certificates regarding domicile, Schedule Caste/Schedule Tribes and other Backward Classes. The Block Development Officer. The BDO is linked with the middle tier of Panchayati Raj as he/she is the exofficio Secretary of the Panchayat Samiti and keeps the record of the meetings, prepares budget and coordinates various developmental activities.
2)The major functions of a District Magistrate are: (i) maintaining law and order and ensuring peace in the district; (ii) implementing various policies and programmes of the State government and the Central government; (iii) acting as the main link between State government and district level institutions and offices; (iv) co-ordinating the activities of different departments such as education, health, welfare, land management, police, jail and culture; (v) ensuring the conduct of free and fair elections for various representative bodies, such as Lok Sabha,Vidhan Sabha, Block Samities, Zila Parishad, Municipalities, etc.
3)The opportunities which local bodies provide to citizens are the local government bodies are nearer to them, citizens can have access and seek solutions through personal initiative and intervention. Women also have great opportunities to participate as members of local bodies. The challenges to the effective functioning of local government bodies are – Being close to the people, these institutions have raised democratic aspirations and expectations which they are not always able to fulfil because of various constraints. These constrains include factors like poverty, illiteracy, social inequalities and the trends of criminalization of politics. The elements of casteism, communalism and the increasing trend of corruption and nepotism have been great challenges to the effective functioning of the local bodies.
Terminal Exercises:
1) The Constitution of India has provided for a set of institutions for rural and urban areas, commonly known as Local government. It is the third tier of the government aimed at development and social justice at the local level and acts as an instrument of decentralization of powers. This is said to be the best government largely because of its closet interface with the local people. It provides a forum to them to deliberate on the nature of local problems and devise appropriate solutions that are in conformity with the local situations. Local government is in fact a government of the local people, by the local people and for the local people.
2) The composition and functions of Panchayati Raj Institutions are: A Panchayat Samiti is constituted by the following members: all the Sarpanches (Mukhias) or Chairpersons of the Gram Panchayats within the Block MPs, MLAs and MLCs of that Block some directly elected Members the elected Members of Zila Parishad from that Block some Officers of that Block.Panchayat Samiti performs a number of functions. Some important functions are: agriculture, land improvement, watershed development, social and farm forestry, andtechnical and vocational education. Besides, the Panchayat Samiti implements certain schemes and programmes for which specific funds are allocated by the State government or Central government. It promotes and coordinates different development programmes of its areas.
3) After independence four types of urban local bodies were functioning: (i) Municipal Corporations, (ii) Municipalities, (iii) Town Area Committees and (iv) Notified Area Committees. But the 74th Constitutional Amendment 1992 brought about major changes in the system of urban local government. Now three types of urban local governments are functioning: (a) Municipal Corporations for the big cities, (b) Municipal Councils for smaller cities and (c) Nagar Panchayats for those areas that are in transition from rural areas to urban areas.Municipal Corporations are established in big cities according to the provisions made in the Acts enacted by the State Legislatures. The Councillors of Municipal Corporations are elected for 5 years. The elected Councillors elect one of them as Mayor annually. The Mayor is known as the first citizen of the city.The main functions of the Municipal Corporation are as follows: 1. Health and Sanitation: Responsible for cleanliness of the city, disposal of garbage; maintenance of hospitals and dispensaries; promoting and conducting vaccination drives; checking of adulteration etc. 2. Electricity and Water Supply: Provision and maintenance of street lights, supply of electricity, supply of safe drinking water; construction of infrastructure and providing facilities for water supply, maintenance of water tankers etc. 3. Educational: Establishment of primary schools, provision of mid-day meals and other facilities for the children. 4. Public works: Construction, maintenance and naming of roads; framing rules for the constructions of houses, markets, restaurants and hotels; removing of encroachments and demolition of dangerous buildings. 5. Miscellaneous functions: Maintaining record of Births & Deaths; provision and maintenance of cremation grounds/burial grounds, night shelters; making arrangements of scooter & taxi stands and public facilities.Cities which do not have very large population have Municipalities known as Municipal Councils to look after the local cities, their problems and developmental work.Functions of the Municipal Council are as follows: 1. Health and Sanitation – Managing cleanliness of the town, disposal of garbage, prevention of sale of unhygienic and adulterated food items, and maintenance of dispensaries or hospitals; 2. Electricity and Water Supply – Ensuring supply of electricity and safe drinking water, maintaining water tanks and also water tankers; 3. Education – Maintaining and running of primary schools and literacy centres. 4. Birth and Death Records – Keeping the records regarding registration of birth and deaths in the city/town and also issuing the certificates for the same; 5. Public Works – Paving of streets, repairing and maintenance of municipal roads, construction and maintenance of Barat Ghars, Community Halls, Markets, Public facilities etc.An urban centre with more than 30,000 and less than 100,000 inhabitants has a Nagar Panchayat.Committees (urban centres with a total population of more than 5,000 and less than 20,000) are designated as Nagar Panchayats. It is composed of a Chairperson and Ward Members. It may have a minimum of ten elected Ward Members and three nominated Members.Nagar Panchayat is responsible for (a) Cleanliness and disposal of garbage; (b) Supply of drinking water; (c) Maintenance of public amenities like street lights, parking space and public conveniences; (d) Setting up and maintaining fire services; and (e) Registration of deaths and births.
4) The major changes brought about by the 73rd & 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts 1992 in the structure and roles of the Panchayati Raj System and Urban local bodies are:-
a) establishment of a three-tier structure: Village Panchayat (Gram Panchayat); intermediate panchayat (Panchayat Samiti; and the district panchayat (Zila Parishad)
b) Constitution of a District Planning Committee at the district level and a Metropolitan Planning Committee in metropolitan areas of every State, for the preparation and consolidation of development plans.
c) Constitution of State Finance Commissions, once in every 5 years, to review the financial position of municipalities and to make recommendations on the measures needed to improve their financial position.
d) Preparation of plans for economic development and social justice and their execution concerning 29 subjects listed in the 11th Schedule of the Constitution.
e) Reservation of seats for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in proportion to their population.
5) Yes, I think that the 73rd & 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts 1992 empowered women in true sense of the term.
a) Not less than the one-third reservation of seats for women at three different levels of PRIs.
6) Do it yourself.