NIOS Class 10 Social Science Chapter 12 Solution – Agriculture In India
NIOS Class 10 Social Science Solution Chapter 12 Agriculture In India. NIOS Class 10 Social Science Chapter 12 Question Answers Download PDF. NIOS Class 10 Science Notes.
NIOS Class 10 Social Science Chapter 12 Solution
Board |
NIOS |
Class |
10th (Secondary) |
Subject |
Social Science |
Topic |
Question Answer, Solution, Notes |
INTEXT QUESTIONS 12.1
1. Differentiate between intensive and extensive farming by giving two points of
difference each.
2. Based on the salient features studied above, identify the one applicable in your
area. (example : The farming is largely mechanized in Harayana and well
irrigated. So that there is less dependance on monsoon.)
INTEXT QUESTIONS 12.2
1. Explain any three geographical conditions required for the cultivation of cotton?
2. How will India cloth its billion + population if cotton crop fails for successive number of years?
INTEXT QUESTIONS 12.3
1. How would climate change would affect agriculture in India? Explain any two
situations.
TERMINAL EXERCISES
1. Explain any four salient features of Indian agriculture.
2. Compare the geographical conditions required for the growth of rice and the growth of wheat cultivation.
3. Identify and write any four similar geographical conditions required for both tea
and coffee.
4. Analyse any four major challenges confronted by Indian Agriculture.
5. Explain the concept of food security. How is it different from self sufficiency in food.
6. On the outline map of India locate the production areas of:
(i) Two labour intensive crops
(ii) Two crops that are grown in varied terrains
Answers-
Chapter 12:
IN text questions 12.1
1) Intensive and extensive farming: – The basic difference between these two types of farming is the amount of production from per unit of land. USA, Canada, former USSR are the major countries where extensive farming is practiced whereas Japan is the leading example of intensive farming.
2) Do it yourself.
IN text questions 12.2
1) The three geographical conditions required for the cultivation of cotton were given below:-
(i) It requires modest amount of rainfall of 50 to 100cm. However, cotton is successfully grown by the help of irrigation in the areas where rainfall is less than 50 cm
(ii) High amount of rainfall in the beginning and sunny and dry weather at the time of ripening are very useful for a good crop.
(iii) As picking of cotton has not been made mechanized till now, therefore a lot of cheap and efficient labour is required at the time of picking (Any three)
2) As per the learners’ experience.
IN text questions 12.3
1) Climate change would affect agriculture in India- Due to climatic change, temperature would increase by 2 to 3 degree Celsius, increase in sea level, more intense cyclone, unpredictable rainfall etc. These changes would adversely affect the production of rice and wheat. Specifically rise in temperature in winter would affect production of wheat in north India. Production of rice would be affected in coastal areas of India due to ingress of saline water and increase of frequency of cyclone.
Terminal Exercises:
1) Four salient features of Indian agriculture were-
a) Subsistence Agriculture: As mentioned earlier, most parts of India have subsistence agriculture. This type of agriculture has been practised in India for several hundreds of years and still prevails in a larger part of India in spite of the large scale change in agricultural practices after independence.
b) Pressure of population on Agriculture: Despite increase in urbanization and industrialization, about 70% of population is still directly or indirectly dependent on agriculture.
c) Variety of crops: Can you guess why India has a variety of crops? As mentioned in the beginning of the lesson, India has diversity of topography, climate and soil. Since India has both tropical and temperate climate, crops of both the climate are found in India.
d) Seasonal patterns: India has three distinct agricultural/cropping seasons. You might have heard about kharif, rabi and zaid. In India there are specific crops grown in these three seasons. For example rice is a kharif crop whereas wheat is a rabi crop.
2) Rice- Rice requires hot and humid conditions. The temperature should be fairly high i.e. 24°C mean monthly temperature with average temperature of 22°C to 32°C.Rainfall ranging between 150-300 cm is suitable for its growth in areas of Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh where rainfall is less than 100 cm, rice is cultivated with the help of irrigation. Rice is grown in varied soil conditions but deep clayey and loamy soil provides the ideal conditions.
Wheat- It is primarily a crop of mid-latitude grassland. It requires cool climate. The ideal temperature is between 10°C to 15°C at the time of sowing and 21°C to 26°C at the time of ripening and harvesting.: Wheat thrives well in areas receiving annual rainfall of about 75cm. Annual rainfall of about 100cm is the upper limit for wheat cultivation. Wheat can be grown in a variety of soils but well drained fertile loamy and clayey loamy soil is best suited for wheat cultivation. Plain areas are very well suited for wheat production.
3) The four similar geographical conditions required for both tea and coffee are as follows: –
a) Rainfall 150 -300 cm.
b) Humus rich soil.
c) Tropical and sub-tropical climate.
d) Temperature 25-30 degree c.
4) The four major challenges confronted by Indian Agriculture are given below: –
a) Stagnation in Production of Major Crops: Production of some of the major staple food crops like rice and wheat has been stagnating for quite some time. This is a situation which is worrying our agricultural scientists, planners and policy makers. If this trend continues, there would be a huge gap between the demand of ever growing population and the production.
b) High cost of Farm Inputs: Over the years rates of farm inputs have increased manifold. Farm inputs include fertilizer, insecticide, pesticides, HYV seeds, farm labour cost etc. Such an increase puts low and medium land holding farmers at a disadvantage.
c) Soil Exhaustion: On one hand green revolution has played a positive role in reducing hunger from India. On the other hand it has also led to negative consequences.
d) Depletion of Fresh Ground Water: The second major negative consequence of green revolution is depletion of fresh ground water. You would remember that areas where green revolution was successful, it was due to the use of chemical fertilizers and irrigation. Most of the irrigation in dry areas of Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh was carried out by excessive use of ground water.
5) Food Security- Due to partition of India in 1947 the network of canal irrigation system, cotton belt and wheat bowl meant to Pakistan. Similarly the jute belt and rice bowl was awarded to East Pakistan, which is now Bangladesh. With the introduction of green revolution, production of food grains increased substantially and India became self-sufficient. However, during the last one decade the total production has become stagnant. On the other hand we have added another 16 to 18 million population over this period. Although India has become self-sufficient in good it is yet to ensure food security which is dependent upon accessibility, affordability as well nutritional value of the food available. One of the biggest challenges facing India is Providing Food Security to its population.
6) Do it yourself.