NCERT Solutions Class 11 Biology Chapter 3 Plant Kingdom
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Biology Chapter 3 Plant Kingdom: National Council of Educational Research and Training Class 11 Biology Chapter 3 Solutions – Plant Kingdom. NCERT Solutions Class 11 Biology Chapter 3 PDF Download.
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Biology Chapter 3: Overview
Board |
NCERT |
Class |
11 |
Subject |
Biology |
Chapter |
3 |
Chapter Name |
Plant Kingdom |
Topic |
Exercise Solutions |
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Biology Chapter 3 – Plant Kingdom
1.) What is the basis of classification of algae?
Answer: Algae is a green, photosynthetic organism but it has major use in human activities. Algae can be classified on the basis of mode of reproduction. There are 3 types of mode of reproduction in algae, such as vegetative, sexual and asexual mode of reproduction.The second classification of algae is based on either presence or absence of pigment, on the basis of occurrence of pigment the algae is again classified into three types such as
1) Chlorophyceae (Green algae), 2) Rhodophyceae (Red algae), 3) Phaeophyceae (Brown algae) .
Algae has one more classification which is on the basis of types of sexual reproduction such as isogamous (The algae have similar kind of morphology), anisogamous (having different kind of morphology) and oogamous (these are also gametes having different morphology but in which female gamete is larger.)
2.) When and where does reduction division take place in the life cycle of a liverwort, a moss, a fern, a gymnosperm and an angiosperm?
Answer: Reduction division take place in the life cycle of a liverwort, a moss, a fern, a gymnosperm and an angiosperm, the process can be different in gymnosperm and angiosperm therefore in case of these organisms the reductional division or also called as meiosis takes place at the time spore formation from SMC (spore mother cell).
3.) Name the three groups of plants that bear archegonia. Briefly describe the life cycle of any one of them.
Answer: The three groups of plants that bear archegonia are bryophytes, pteridophytes and gymnosperms.
The life cycle of pteridophytes are: There are two generation in life cycle of pteridophytes such as gametophytic (n) and sporophyte (2n) .The gametophyte generation start with the Archaegonia (female gamate) and the archedium (male gamate). Archegonium gives rise to egg whereas anthredium gives rise to antherozoid, when they unite forms zygote that is 2n and starting of sporophyte generation which leads to formation of embryo and with series of stages spore mother cells form.
4.) Mention the ploidy of the following: protonemal cell of moss; primary endosperm nucleus in dicot, leaf cell of moss: prothallus cell of fern, gamma cell in Marchantia; meristem cell of monocot,ovum of liverwort,and zygote of a fern.
Answer: i.) Protomeal cell of a moss.
Ans- Haploid.
ii.) Primary endosperm nucleus in dicot.
Ans- Triploid.
iii.) Leaf cell of fern.
Ans- Haploid.
iv.) Prothallus of fern.
Ans: Haploid.
v.) Gemma cell in marchantia.
Ans. Diploid.
Vi.) Meristem cell of monocot.
Ans: Diploid.
Vii.) Ovum of liverwort.
Ans: Diploid.
Viii.) Zygote of a fern.
Ans: Zygote.
5.) Write a note on economic importance of algae and gymnosperm.
Answer: The algae has economic importance such as:
1.) The algae used to make agar which is solidifying agent used in microbiology lab
2.) It is used to make glue and used in various textiles industries.
3.) It is rich in carbohydrates.
4.) The some sort of algae also provide food and shelter.
Economic importance of gymnosperm:
1.) Gymnosperm has wide used such as used to make pencil, makeup box etc.
2.) The ornamental plants are used to decorate in functions.
3.) The leave of such plants used to make basket.
4.) They increase the soil holding capacity.
6.) Both gymnosperm and Angiosperm beer seeds, Then why are they classified separately?
Answer- Yes, both gymnosperm and Angiosperm beer seeds but seeds in case of angiosperms are covered whereas in case of gymnosperms seed are naked, therefore need separate classification.
7.) What is heterospory? Briefly comment on its significance. Give two examples.
Answer: Heterospory can be defined as the name itself suggest hetero meaning different and spory means spore; There is formation of spores with two different morphology ; One is large and another is small. Example: Pteridophytes such as salvinia and selaginella.
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8.) Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples:-
i.) Protonema: It can be considerd as one of the stage of the moss which is present in Brophyte life cycle. It is made up from germinating spores and leads to green , slender shaped structure called protonema.
ii.) Anthredium : Anthredium is the male sex organ which is present in bryophyte and pteridophyte life cycle. It contain motile anthrezoids.
iii.) Archegonia : It is female sex organ which is present in bryophyte and pteridophyte life cycle .It gives rise to egg.
iv.) Diplontic : As the name suggest diplontic which means 2n type of gamates and they formed when male and female gamate unite together .
V.) Sprophyll : It is called spore or sporangium containing structure present majorly in pteridophyte. vi.Isogamy : The fusion of gamates which are morphologically similar called Isogamy.
9.) Differentiate between the following:
(i) Red algae and Brown algae.
(ii) Liverworts and Moss.
(iii) Homosporous and heterosporouspteridophyte.
(iv) Syngamy and triple fusion.
Answer: i.Red algae and Brown algae.
Red algae | Brown algae |
1. It is included in family- Rhodophyceae. | 1. It is included in family- Phaeophyceae. |
2. Chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-c and phycoerythrin imparts red colour. | 2. Phycocyanin imparts brown colour. |
ii.) Liverworts and Moss.
Liverwort | Mosses |
1. They are unicellular. | 1. They are multicellular |
2. They belong to class hepaticopsida of bryophytes. | 2. Belongs to bryopsida of bryophytes. |
iii.) Homosporous and Heterosporous pteridophyte
Homosporous pteridophytes | Heterosporouspteridophytes |
1.It contain spores of some kinds are called as homosporouspteridophytes. | 1.It contains spores of dissimilar kinds are called as Heterosporouspteridophytes |
Example: Equisitum. | Example: Selaginellasalvinia |
iv.) Syngamy and Triple fusion.
Syngamy | Triple fusion |
1. It leads to formation of zygote. | 1. It leads to formation of endosperm. |
2. It is diploid. | 2. It is triploid. |
10.) How would you distinguish monocots from dicots?
Answer:Dicots differ from monocots, as the Dicots possesses two seeds. whreas monocots possess only one seed.
11.) Match the following ( column I with column II)
Column I Column II
(a) Chlamydomonas (i) Moss
(b) Cycas (ii) Pteridophytes
(c) Selaginella (iii) Algae.
(d) Sphagnum (iv) Gymnosperm
Answer:
(a) Chlamydomonas: Ans – Algae
(b) Cycus :Ans – Gymnosperm
(c) Selaginella: Ans–Pteridophyte
(d) Sphagnum: Ans – Moss
12.) Describe the important characteristics of gymnosperms.
Answer: 1.) The gymnosperm contain naked seeds.
2.) Three gymnosperm contain medium sized tall sized trees and shrubs.
3.) These gymnosperm are Heterosporousthat means they can produce two kinds of seeds.
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