NCERT Exemplar Solution Class 11 Biology Chapter 2

NCERT Exemplar Solution Class 11 Biology Chapter 2

NCERT Exemplar Solution Class 11 Biology Chapter 2 Biological Classification all Questions Answer Solution. NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Chapter 2 Solution PDF.

NCERT Exemplar Solution Class 11 Biology Chapter 2: Overview

NCERT Exemplar Solution Class 11 Biology Chapter 2

Board

NCERT
Topic

Exemplar Problem Solution

Class

11
Subject

Biology

Chapter

2
Chapter Name

Biological Classification

NCERT Exemplar Solution Class 11 Biology Chapter 2 Biological Classification

1.) All eukaryotic unicellular organisms belong to

a.). Monera

b.) Protista

c.) Fungi

d.) Bacteria

Answer: a. Protista, Because , except protista all other belong to prokaryotes.

2.) The five kingdom classification was proposed by

a.) R.H. Whittaker

b.) C.Linnaeus

c.) A. Roxberg

d.) Virchow

Answer: a. R.H.Whittaker, Other scientist bhave contributed in taxonomy but five kingdom classification was given by R.H. Whittaker .

3.) Organisms living in salty areas are called as

a.) Methanogens

b.) Halophiles

c.) Heliophytes

d.) Thermoacidophiles

Answer: b. Halophiles, Halophiles lives in salty area, others such as mrthonogenes in marshy places; Heliophytes live along with plants whereas thermoacidophiles lives in extreme temperature conditions.

4.) Naked cytoplasm, multinucleated and saprophytic are the characteristics of

a.) Monera

b.) Protista

c.) Fungi

d.) Slime molds

Answer: a. Monera, Because, other are belongs to eukaryotes.

5.) An association between roots of higher plants and fungi is called

a.) Lichen

b.) Fern

c.) Mycorrhiza

d.) BGA

Answer: c.Mycorrhiza, Other organism are association products of some other organism.

6.) A dikaryon is formed when

a.) Meiosis is arrested

b.) The two haploid cells do not fuse immediately

c.) Cytoplasm does not fuse

d.) None of the above

Answer: b.The two haploid cells do not fuse immediately, Because, as the name suggest dikaryon which fusion of two nucleus.

7.) Contagium vivum fluidum was proposed by

a.) D.J. Ivanowsky

b.) M.W. Beijerinek

c.) Stanley

d.) Robert Hook

Answer: b. M.W. Beijerinek,

8.) Associations between Mycobiont and Phycobiont are found in

a.) Mycorrhiza

b.) Root

c.) Lichens

d.) BGA

Answer: c. Lichen, Lichen is the association product of algae and fungi.

9.) Difference between Virus and Viroid is

a.) Absence of protein coat in viroid but present in virus

b.) Presence of low molecular weight RNA in virus but absent in viroid

c.) Both a and b

d.) None of the above

Answer: b.Presence of low molecular weight RNA in virus but absent in viroid, Because, Both virus and viroid contains protein coat

10.) With respect to fungal sexual cycle, choose the correct sequence of events

a.) Karyogamy, Plasmogamy and Meiosis

b.) Meiosis, Plasmogamy and Karyogamy

c.) Plasmogamy, Karyogamy and Meiosis

d.) Meiosis, Karyogamy and Plasmogamy

Answer: c. Plasmogamy, Karyogamy and Meiosis, First cellular division, secondly nuclear division take place.

11.) Viruses are non-cellular organisms but replicate themselves once they infect the host cell. To which of the following kingdom do viruses belong to?

a.) Monera

b.) Protista

c.) Fungi

d.) None of the above

Answer: d.None of these, Viruses does not belong to any kingdom because they are non cellular.

12.) Members of phycomycetes are found in

I.) Aquatic habitats

ii.) On decaying wood

iii.) Moist and damp places

iv.) As obligate parasites on plants

Choose from the following options

a.) None of the above

b.) i and iv

c.) ii and iii

d.) All of the above

Answer: All of the above, They can be found anywhere such as water, decaying matter, as parasite and moist places.

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1.) What is the principle underlying the use of cyanobacteria in agricultural Fields for crop improvement?

Answer: Yes, The cyanobacteria used in the agricultural field for crop in movement to improve the quality of soil and crops.

2.) Suppose you accidentally find an old preserved permanent slide without A label. In your effort to identify it, you place the slide under microscope And observe the following features :-

a.) Unicellular

b.Well defined nucleus

c.Biflagellate–one flagellum lying longitudinally and the other Transversely.

What would you identify it as? Can you name the kingdom it belong To?

Answer: As the identification leads to well defined nucleus and unicellular. The well desired nucleus is characteristic of eukaryotes and flagellum is usually present in protista. Therefore the specimen can belong to kingdom : Protista.

3.) is the five–kingdom classification advantageous over the two- Kingdom classification?

Answer: The scientist R.H Whittaker given the five kingdom classification based on presence of nucleus habitat , reproduction and cellular organisation.

4.) Water bodies have usually very high abundance of plants like Nostoc and Oscillitoria. Give reasons.

Answer: Polluted water contains the large amount of algae,. It serves as organic material or nutrients for plants like Nostoc and oscillation. Therefore due to high amount of nutrients these are abundant in water bodies.

5) Chemosynthetic bacteria-autotrophic or heterotrophic?

Answer: Chemosynthetic bacteria means, The organism which will use the inorganic substances to get their energy so, they are autotrophs which will prepare their own food material.

6.) Common name of pea is simpler than its botanical (scientific) name Pisum sativum. Why then is the simpler common name not used instead Of the complex scientific/ botanical name in biology?

Answer: The common name or local name are specific to particular region and will change from area to area therefore, It create a confusion for which scientific names are used.

7.) Itirus is considered as a living organism and an obligate parasite When inside a host cell. But virus is not classified along with bacteria Or fungi. What are the characters of virus that are similar to non-living Objects?

Answer: Some character are similar with non living object are-

(a) Viruses are acellular or non cellular.

(b) Viruses cannot grow on it’s own .

(c) They don’t have their own metabolic machinery.

8.) In the five kingdom system of Whittaker, how many kingdoms are Eukaryotes?

Answer: In five kingdom classification by R.H. Whittaker. Four kingdom are eukaryotes such as protista, dungar, Plantae and animalia.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1.) Diatoms are also called as ‘pearls of ocean’, why? What is diatomaceous Earth?

Answer: Diatoms according to their characteristics they belong to kingdom : Protista. They are present in ocean. Diatoms have specialised ability to prepare food for their own along with, it they prepare food for others, therefore they are called as pearls of ocean.

2) There is a myth that immediately after heavy rains in forest, mushocean Appear in large number and make a very large ring or circle, which may Be several metres in diameter. These are called as ‘Fairy rings’. Can you Explain this myth of fairy rings in biological terms?

Answer: Yes, After heavy rains in forest mushroom appear in large number and make a very large ring or circle, It is due to formation of fungus that is Basidocarps which are present in soil and formed due to productivity or yeild of plants

3.) Neurospora an ascomycetes fungus has been used as a biological tool To understand the mechanism of plant genetics much in the same way As Drosophila has been used to study animal genetics. What makes Neurospora so important as a genetic tool?

Answer: Neurospora – To study animal genetics because Neurospora can be grown easily have short life span and easy to study it’s mutation also.

4.) Cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria have been clubbed together In Eubacteria of kingdom Monera as per the “Five Kingdom Classification” even though the two are vastly different from each other. Is this grouping of the two types of taxa in the same kingdom justified? If so, why?

Answer : Both the cyanobacteria and heterotrophic Bacteria are very much different from each other , but still there are some similarities such as

1.) Both contains primitive nucleus.

2.) Possess 70s ribosome.

3.) Nuclear membrane absent.

5.) At a stage of their cycle, ascomycetes fungi produce the fruiting bodies Like apothecium, perithecium or cleistothecium. How are these three Types of fruiting bodies different from each other?

Answer: Ascomycetes are also called as ‘sac fungus’ .

1.) Apothecium – It is look like cap structure.

2.) Perithecium- It is flask shaped or close flower like structure.

3.) Cleiosthothecium- It is circular like structure.

6.) What observable features in Trypanosoma would make you classify it Under kingdom Protista?

Answer: Trypanosoma is a flagellated organism which is belong to kingdom Protista .They contain nucleus and store food material in the form of granules.

7.) What are cosmopolitan. Write the role of fungi in your daily life.

Answer: Fungi are composition because they can present in air, water and land .Study of fungus called mycology. The economical importance to humans are

1.) Fungus gives nutritional valve.

2.) Used in agricultural field.

3.) It can be used to increase soil fertility.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1.) Algae are known to reproduce asexually by variety of spores under Different environmental conditions. Name these spores and the conditions Under which they are produced.

Answer : Algae reproduce by asexual method of reproduction. Asexual method of reproduction involves production of various spores such as Zoospores, Aplanospores, Hypnospores and Akinetes.

(a) Zoospores – The most algae produces Zoospores, because Zoospores formed in favourable condition. These spores are motile and make a movement with the help of flagella.

(b) Aplanospores- This type of spores are reproduced under unfavorable condition, these spores have no ability to move , they are non motile.

(c) Hypnospores- These also formed under unfavorable condition but the difference between Aplanospores and Hypnospores is these Hypnospores are formed under a unlimited unfavorable condition.

(d) Akinetes- These are thin walled spores, which are non motile and formed under unfavorable condition.

2.) Apart from chlorophyll, algae have several other pigments in their Chloroplast. What pigments are found in blue-green, red and brown Algae that are responsible for their characteristic colours?

Answer: Apart from chlorophyll, algae have several pigments in their Chloroplast such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, xanthophyll, phycoerythrin. The pigment chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b belongs to chlorophyceae and imparts a green colour. The next pigment is xanthophyll to class pheophyceae gives brown colour. The phycoerythrin pigment comes from class Rhodophyceae gives red colour .

3.) Make a list of algae and fungi that have commercial value as source of Food, chemicals, medicines and fodder.

Answer: The name of the fungi with commercial importance are –

(a) Penicillium- It is majorly used for the production of antibiotics, which is responsible for first antibiotic in world.

(b) Yeast – The Fungi has one more advanced from called yeast, It is used to prepare alcohol fermenting beverages .

(c) Most of the types of fungi used in ripening of food.

The name of the algae with commercial importance are -.

(a) The various types of algae used to make fertilizer and increase the productivity in farms.

(b) The algae can be edible, such as marine algae; Used to eat by many people.

(c) The algae used to make agar which is solidifying agents.

4.) ‘Peat’ is an important source of domestic fuel in several countries. How Is ‘peat’ formed in nature?

Answer: Peat is considered as the complex organic material which is made up of soft spongy tissue Material. These peats are generally formed due to degradation or decomposition of organic material .This peat has Various economical importance used for making alcohol and ammonia.

5.) Biological classification is a dynamic and ever evolving phenomenon Which keeps changing with our understanding of life forms. Justify the Statement taking any two examples.

Answer: According to classification, we have been observing now a days a tremendous changes made in classification. Scientist can be classify every living organism according to their different characteristics.

The first classification was given by the scientist “Aristotle”. The classification was based on red blood cells. The living organisms has been divided into classes based on presence or absence of RBC. Later on it was invented that the system is unable to distinguish between the living organisms either they are single celled or multicellular. The one more disadvantage is they do not provide information about animal such as prokaryotic or eukaryotic. To overcome disadvantages, the scientist R.H Whittaker gave the classification of 5 kingdoms.

1.) Monera 2.) Protista 3.) Fungi 4.) Plantae 5.) Animalia.

Updated: June 22, 2021 — 5:52 pm

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