NCERT Exemplar Solution Class 11 Biology Chapter 1
NCERT Exemplar Solution Class 11 Biology Chapter 1 THE LIVING WORLD all Questions Answer Solution. NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Chapter 1 Solution PDF.
NCERT Exemplar Solution Class 11 Biology Chapter 1: Overview
NCERT Exemplar Solution Class 11 Biology Chapter 1 |
|
Board |
NCERT |
Topic |
Exemplar Problem Solution |
Class |
11 |
Subject |
Biology |
Chapter |
1 |
Chapter Name |
THE LIVING WORLD |
NCERT Exemplar Solution Class 11 Biology Chapter 1 THE LIVING WORLD
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1) As we go from species to kingdom in a taxonomic hierarchy, the number of common characteristics
a) Will decrease
b) Will increase
c) Remain same
d) May increase or decrease
Answer: a) Will decrease.
Because categories are arranged on the basis of similarities and shared characteristics.
2) Which of the following ‘suffixes’ used for units of classification in plants indicates a taxonomic category of ‘family’.
a) Ales
b) Onae
c) Aceae
D) Ae
Answer: c) Aceae to identify a particular category in taxon every taxonomic hierarchy have unique suffix.
3) The term ‘systematics’ refers to:
a) Identification and study of organ systems of plants and animals
b) Identification and preservation of plants and animals
c) Diversity of kinds of organisms and their relationship
d) Study of habitats of organisms and their classification
Answer: c) Diversity of kinds of organisms and their relationship, as it is systematic arrangement of living organisms according to their similarity and dissimilarity.
4) Genus represents
a) An individual plant or animal
b) A collection of plants or animals
c) A group of closely related species of plants or animals
d) None of these
Answer: c) A group of closely related species of plants or animals,
because the next taxonomic hierarchy after genus is species.
5) The taxonomic unit ‘Phylum’ in the classification of animals is equivalent to which hierarchical level in classification of plants
a) Class
b) Order
c) Division
d) Family
Answer: c. Division, it is used in plant classification.
6) Botanical gardens and zoological parks have
a) Collection of endemic living species only
b) Collection of exotic living species only
c) Collection of endemic and exotic living species
d) Collection of only local plants and animals
Answer: c) Collection of endemic and exotic living species,
because all the original habitat and outside the native habitat species are collected in Botanical gardens and zoological parks.
7) Taxonomic key is one of the taxonomic tools in the identification and Classification of plants and animals. It is used in the preparation of
a) Monographs
b) Flora
c) Both a & b
d) None of these
Answer: c. Both a & b, because both monograph and flora are included in taxonomic key.
8) All living organisms are linked to one another because
a) They have common genetic material of the same type
b) They share common genetic material but to varying degrees
c) All have common cellular organization
d) All of above
Answer: b) They share common genetic material but to varying degrees. Because all the living organisms originated from common ancestor.
9) Which of the following is a defining characteristic of living organisms?
a) Growth
b) to make sound
c) Reproduction
d) Response to external stimuli
Answer: d. Response to external stimuli, non living things have no ability to respond to external stimuli.
10) Match the following and choose the correct option:
Column I Column II
A.FamilyI . tuberosum
Kingdom ii. Polymoniales
Order iii. Solanum
Species iv. Plantae
Genus v. Solanac
Options
a. A-v, B-iv, C-ii, D-I, E-iii
b. A-iv, B-iii, C-v, D-ii, E-i
c. A-iv, B-iii, C-v, D-I, E-ii
A-iv, B-iii, C-ii, D-v, E-i
Answer: b. A-iv, B-iii, C-v, D-ii, E-i
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1) Linnaeus is considered as Father of Taxonomy. Name two other botanists Known for their contribution to the field of plant taxonomy?
Answer: (A) G.Bentham. (B) D.Hooker, both the scientist has famous work in botany.
2) What does ICZN stand for?
Answer: International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature.
3) in taxonomic key means ________________ .
Answer: Pair of contrasting character.
4) What is a Monograph?
Answer: Monograph can be defined as writing of single subject by one author person called as monograph.
5) Multiplies by mitotic cell division. Is this phenomena growth or Reproduction? Explain.
Answer: It is a phenomenon of reproduction, because amoeba will increase it’s copy number and therefore Number of amoeba will increase.
6) What is metabolism.
Answer: Metabolism can be defined as process of synthesis and breakdown of food, It is made up of two words “ Anabolism” means synthesis and “catabolism” means degradation.
7) What is the largest botanical garden in the world? Name a few well known botanical gardens in India.
Answer: Royal Botanical Garden is the largest botanical garden in world which is situated in London .Botanical Garden in India are- (1) National Botanical Research Institute Lucknow (India) (2) Indian Botanical Garden, Howrah (India).
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1) A ball of snow when rolled over snow increases in mass, volume and Size. Is this comparable to growth as seen in living organisms? Why?
Answer: No, This case is not comparable with growth, because ball of snow is characteristic of living things.
2) In a given habitat we have 20 plant species and 20 animal species. Should We call this as ‘diversity’ or ‘biodiversity’? Justify your answer.
Answer: This statement is example of biodiversity and not a diversity, because biodiversity is difference or variation in a living organism in a particular area whereas diversity is a broad term, where areas limitations in not there.
3) International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) has provided aCode for classification of plants. Give hierarchy of units of classification Botanists follow while classifying plants and mention different ‘Suffixes’ Used for the units.
Answer: Yes, ICBN ( International Code of Botanical Nomenclature ) is a standard for classification of plants to avoid confusion. It has given a complete hierarchy step by step from kingdom to species. Every step have their own suffix to differentiate from other such as.
Kingdom : Plantae
Phylum : Phyta
Class: Asteridae
Order : Asterales
Family :Asteraceae
Genus :
Species : From scientific name of plant the name of the genus and species should be underlined and genus first letter must be written in capital.
4) A plant species shows several morphological variations in response to Altitudinal gradient. When grown under similar conditions of growth, The morphological variations disappear and all the variants have common Morphology. What are these variants called?
Answer: A plant species shows several morphological variations in response to Altitudinal gradient. When grown under similar conditions of growth, The morphological variations disappear and all the variants have common morphology these variations are due to different climate conditions and abiotic factors which are associated with plants. Such as Soil, PH and Temperature. But their genetic makeup or genotype is similar.
5) How do you prepare your own herbarium sheets? What are the different Tools you carry with you while collecting plants for the preparation of a Herbarium? What information should a preserved plant material on the Herbarium sheet provide for taxonomical studies?
Answer: Herbarium can be considered as the place where plants are collected and preserved to prepare own herbarium sheets we will need various tools such as knife, polythene bags, labels, notebooks, newspaper, scissors , herbarium sheet. (1) Collect the plants. (2) For presentation, press a plant on newspaper. (3) Allow it to dry for a particular period of time. (4) Spray the fertilizers to avoid any diseased condition. (5) Mounting of a plant, and labeling of a plant for a purpose of identification such as date and time of collection and who called the plant.
6) What is the difference between flora, fauna and vegetation? Eichhornia Crassipes is called as an exotic species while Rauwolfia serpentina is an Endemic species in India. What do these terms exotic and endemic refer to?
Answer:
Flora | Fauna | Vegetation |
The sum or total of all plants species in a particular geographical area called flora. | The sum or total of all animal species in a particular geographical area called fauna. | The vegetation can be used for larger geographical area. |
Exotic species can be defined as the plant species which is living outside it’soriginal habitat. As the name suggest exotic means outside. For example : Eicchornia Crassipes is found originally in Amazonian basin, but found in other country, called it is exotic species. Endemic species: This type of Species found in any one particular geographical area and cannot be grown other . Therefore, Serpentine is Endemic species to India.
7) A plant may have different names in different regions of the country or World. How do botanists solve this problem?
Answer: A plant may have different narres in different regions or countries, so botanist solve the problem by giving them a scientific name.The scientist avoid a confusion.
8) Brinjal and potato belong to the same genus Solanum, but to two different species. What defines them as separate species ?
Answer: Brinjal and Potato belongs to same genus solanum but to two different species. Because these two have some common features such as morphological and reproductive character therefore, they belongs to same genus.
9) Properties of cell organelles are not always found in the molecular constituents of cell organelles. Justify.
Answer : Cell is considered as basic unit of living organisms. It contains various organelles such as ER, Chloroplast, Golgi, Mitochondria. Therefore, their molecular constituents are also different.
10) The number and kinds of organism is not constant. How do you explain this statement?
Answer : The number and kind of organisms is not constant due to many reasons such as reproduction, mutations (sudden change), environmental conditions.
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1) What is meant by living? Give any four defining features of life forms.
Answer: Living organisms or living things can be defined as the organisms which can breadth, move, reproduce, grow are called living organisms. The organisms which are cellular are called living organisms. Although there are some expectations such as plant cannot move but grow, they are living organisms.
Features of life forms:
- Reproduction: All the living organisms have ability to reproduce, from microscopic unicellular organism to large organism. All organisms can reproduce.
- Respiration: The living organisms can respire through various organs such as nose, gills, skin etc. Every living organisms takes oxygen from the environment and give carbon dioxide to the environment.
- Metabolism: To perform daily function and produce energy, the organism require food and by breaking down this food they get energy.d. Growth : All living organisms have unique ability either enlarge by shape or increase their number.
2) A scientist has come across a plant which he feels is a new species. How Will he go about its identification, classification and nomenclature.
Answer: A scientists has more across a plant which he feels a new species the scientist will proceed for identification, classification and nomenclature by first making herbarium sheet. The scientist will study morphology such as size and shape of plant parts and anatomical character of the plants. According to morphological and anatomical characteristics the plant will be systematically characterized.
3) Brassica campestries Linn
a) Give the common name of the plant.
b) What do the first two parts of the name denote?
c) Why are they written in italics?
d) What is the meaning of Linn written at the end of the name?
Answer:
- a) Common name of the plant Brassica campestriesis Mustard.
- b) The first of the name, is the name of the genus.
- c) According to rule of binomial nomenclature it is written in Italia.
- d) Linn is according to the name of scientist Carlous Linnaeous who was the father of taxonomy.
4) What are a taxonomical aids? Give the importance of herbaria and Museums. How are Botanical gardens and Zoological parks useful in Conserving biodiversity?
Answer: Taxonomical aids, are important for classification, identification and nomenclature of particular living organisms. Taxonomy gave the concept of arrangement of organism in proper manner. The herbaria is useful to get a complete information of a particular species from invention of that species to it’s scientific name . Whereas museum it is used for the presentation of various animal or plant or parts of organisms in a specific preservatives. Botanical gardens and zoological parts are very useful in Conserving. biodiversity Botanical Gardens are can conserve all type of plants and give rise to new species of the plants. Whereas zoological parts are important for conservation of animal by providing all the suitable condition.
5) Define a taxon. What is meant by taxonomic hierarchy. Give a flow Diagram from the lowest to highest category for a plant and an animal. What happens to the number of individuals and number of shared Characters as we go up the taxonomical hierarchy?
Answer: Taxon can be termed as the unit of classification. Classification of living organisms, it is at different levels. Therefore the levels of classification can be described in such a manner :
Kingdom > Phylum > Class> Order > Family > Genus > Species.
Kingdom : Plantae | Kingdom : Animalia |
Division : Angiospermae | Phylum : Chordata |
Class : Dicotyledonae | Class : Mammalia |
Order :Rosales | Order : Carnivora |
Family :Rosaceae | Family : Felidae |
Genus : Rosa | Genus : Felis |
Species : indica | Species : catus |
the number of individuals and number of shared Characters as we go up the taxonomical hierarchy will decrease.
6) A student of taxonomy was puzzled when told by his professor to look For a key to identify a plant. He went to his friend to clarify what ‘Key’ the Professor was referring to? What would the friend explain to him?
Answer: Key is useful for identification, classification and nomenclature of the plants. The key contain all the differentiating character such as morphology, reproduction, habitat, physical parameters etc.
7) Metabolism is a defining feature of all living organisms without exception. Isolated metabolic reactions in vitro are not living things but surely livingreactions. Comment.
Answer: Metabolism can be defined as the process where two procedure carried out, such as synthesis of food and breakdown of food. These two processes are called as Anabolism and Catabolism respectively. It is enzymatic process which involves breakdown of food whenever energy needs.
8) Do you consider a person in coma-living or dead?
Answer: We can consider the person a brain dead because the person have lost its all the conscious properties and not respond to any activity. Therefore such person heart will work but is considered as brain dead.
9) What is the similarity and dissimilarity between “whole moong dal”and “broken moong dal” in terms of respiration and growth? Based onthese parameters classify them into living or nonliving?
Answer:
Whole moong dal | Broken moong dal. |
1.It is a completeor whole seed of plant. | 1.It is not in the complete from but broken down. |
2.Carry out metabolic activities. | 2.Does not have metabolic activities. |
3.Can respire that is can exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. | 3.Cannot respire that is cannot exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. |
4.Can grow, when environmental conditions are suitable. | 4.Cannot grow ,when environmental conditions are suitable. |
10) Some of the properties of tissues are not the constituents of its cells. Give three examples to support the statement.
Answer : Cell is the basic functional unit of living organisms, when many cells come together and perform a particular function called as tissue. When many tissue unite they from a organ. Therefore cells of brain and cell of kidney have different morphology and functions. Therefore the constituentscan be different. .
- Cells of stomach are specialized for digestion
- Cells of brain, to carry out metabolic activities.
- Cells of kidney function for removing unwanted waste.
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