NCERT Class 7 social studies History Our Past II Fifth Chapter RULERS AND BUILDINGS Exercise Question Solution.
1) In trabeate principle of architecture roofs, windows are made by placing a horizontal beam across two vertical columns.
2) A shikhara is the top most pointed portion of a temple.
3) Pietra dura means to the coloured, hard stones placed in depressions carved into marble or sandstone which create beautiful ornate patterns.
4) The elements of Mughal chahar bagh is four garden. This garden placed in a rectangular walled enclosures and divided into four quarters by artificial channels.
5) In many ways temple communicate the importance of a king. Kings mainly built temple to demonstrate their devotion to God and their power and wealth. For example; we can say the Rajarajeshvara temple which was built by king Rajarajaveda fo the worship of his god, Rajarajeshvaram. We noticed that the names of the ruler and the god are very similar. The king
took the god’s name because it was auspicious and he wanted to appear like a god. Through the rituals of worship in the temple one god (Rajarajadeva) honoured another (Rajarajeshvaram). The largest temples were all constructed by kings. The other, lesser deities in the temple were gods and goddesses of the allies and subordinates of the ruler.
The temple was a miniature model of the world ruled by the king and his allies. As they worshipped their deities together in the royal temples, it seemed as if they brought the just rule of the gods on earth.
6) Shah jahan’s diwan-i- khas was designed a grand harmonious synthesis. It was placed within a large courtyard. Behind the emperor’s throne there were a series of pietra-dura inlays. It depicted the legendly god Orpheus playing the lute. The diwan-e-khas was aimed to communicate that the king justice would treat the high and the low as equals.
7) The Mughal court suggested that justice was made for all in an equal way. The construction of shah jahan’s audience hall was designed to communicate that the king justice was equal for the high and the low.
8) Shah Jahan adapted the river-front garden in the layout of the Taj Mahal, the grandest architectural accomplishment of his reign. Here the white marble mausoleum was placed on a terrace by the edge of the river and the garden was to its south. Shah Jahan develop this architectural form as a means to control the access that nobles had to the river. In the new city of Shahjahanabad that he constructed in Delhi, the imperial palace commanded the river-front. Only specially favoured nobles – like his eldest son Dara Shukoh – were given access to the river. All others had to construct their homes in the city away from the River Yamuna.
9) In the past, The houses of the kings and their courtiers were big structures with big courtyard, thick walls, domed-roofs, huge pillars, big gardens and well-decorated halls. But today houses have no courtyard also no gardens, no thick walls, no domed-roofs.