NCERT Class 7 social studies History Our Past II Eighth Chapter DEVOTIONAL PATHS TO THE DIVINE Exercise Question Solution.
1> Match the following :
The Buddha——– Questioned social differences
Shankaradeva—— namghar
Nizamuddin Auliya— Sufi saint.
Nayanars—————– Worship of Shiva.
Alvars———————- Worship of Vishnu.
2)
a> Advaita.
b> Alvars
c> basavanna, Allama prabhu, Akkamahadevi
d> pandharpur.
3) They believed that the Path to salvation lay in meditation on the formless God and the realization of oneness with it and they did not believe in the ritual and oiler aspects of conventional religion and the social order.
4) The major ideas expressed by kabir are given below :
a> Criticism of priestly classes and caste system.
b> Belief in a formless Supreme God.
c> Emphasis on Bhakti or devotion to achieve salvation.
d> rejection of major religious traditions.
5)
a> Sufis rejected idol worship and considerably simplified rituals of worship into collective prayers.
b> Sufis were Muslim mystics. They rejected outward religiosity and gave emphasis on love and devotion to God.
c> They developed elaborate methods of training using Zikr, meaning chanting of a name of sacred formula, contemplation, sama Le etc.
6) many teachers rejected prevalent beliefs and practices because these were based on social differences, excess ritualism and outward display piety.
7)
a> Baba Guru Nanak gave importance to right-belief and worship, honest living and helping others.
b> He used the terms nam, dan and isnan for the essence of his teaching which actually meant right worship, welfare of others and purity of conduct.
c> He insisted that caste, creed or gender was irrelevant for attaining liberation.
8) Virashaivas believed in the equality of all human beings. They were against Brahmaniacal ideas about caste and treatment of women. They wishes for a society where people of all backgrounds could live without any feelings of rich and poor.
9) Mirabai was a Rajput princess married into the royal family of Mewar in the sixteenth century. Mirabai became a disciple of Ravidas, a saint from a caste considered “untouchable”. She was devoted to Krishna and composed innumerable bhajans expressing her intense devotion. Her songs also openly challenged the norms of the “upper” castes and became popular with the masses in Rajasthan and Gujarat .