NCERT Class 11 Biotechnology First Chapter An Introduction to Biotechnology Solution
NCERT Class 11 Biotechnology Chapter 1 Solution: Dear students Here in this post we are posted First Chapter An Introduction to Biotechnology full exercise questions & answer by our arts teacher. This Solution is helpful for CBSE English medium students. Download this 1st Chapter Biotechnology solution & prepare your homework.
Q1. What do you understand by term “Biotechnology”? Explain with suitable examples.
Ans- Biotechnology is a study of all applications of sciences. The word biotechnology is a combination of two words ‘bio’ and ‘technology’ in which bio means biological methods and processes, technology means methods , systems, and devices. Biotechnology is a different technologies which are useful for all living cells or molecules to generate useful products for the benefit of mankind. There are several examples of biotechnology which are used to generate useful products.
Biotechnology is from since a long it is practiced. The early example is fermentation technology which is to prepare bread, cheese and wine.
Q2. Give a comparative account of ancient and modern concept of biotechnology.
Ans- Biotechnology is practiced since years back which is used to generate useful products for benefit of mankind.
There are ancient methods of biotechnology and even modern methods of biotechnology. Greater efforts are made to utilise the traditional or ancient methods in biotechnology. Fermentation process is a ancient method which is a microbial method in which enzymatically controlled conversion of organic compounds occur. This method was practiced for years without any actual knowledge of the processes involved. In ancient method beer making bread making is included. The modern biotechnology includes identification of protein, isolation of gene for protein of interest genome. Modern biotechnology is based on the rDNA technology that has revolutionized biotechnology by allowing to scientists to cut and join DNA.
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Q3. Elaborate on the role of biotechnology with respect to the following:
- Biopharmaceutical production- In biotechnology pharmaceutical industry has very big role. The pharma industry comprises mainly vaccine manufacturing and it’s export in large quantities at international level. Biopharma company in the country which contributes to a large no. Of products related to pharmaceutical and other products.
- Gene therapy and applications- Gene therapy is the technology which is used for the treatment of diseases caused by gene defects. The gene defects such as cystic fibrosis, thalassemia, Parkinson’s disease etc. are cured by gene therapy. In gene therapy there is requirement of delivery of particular gene which is required to patient as a drug to treat the disease.
- Abiotic stress resistance in crops- Abiotic stress resistance crops have resistance against chilling has been introduced into tobacco plants by introducing gene from glycerol-1-phosphate acyltransferase enzyme from Arabidopsis.
- Crops with insect resistance- Crops with insect resistance can cause loss to the farmer. It results in devastating the financial loss of farmers and may lead to starvation in developing countries. Spraying chemical on crops lead to potential health hazards and also pollute the environment.
- Environmental protection and conservation Biotechnological techniques and tools are also helpful for environmental protection. Biotechnological applications may also be helpful in the process of cleaning up the hazardous substances the environment by converting them into non-toxic or less toxic compounds.
Q4. Explain the contribution of ancient biotechnology human welfare?
Ans- Ancient biotechnology has taken root as early as in the Paleolithic era, around 10,000 years ago when early farmers began to cultivate crops such as wheat and barley. The most ancient or traditional method in biotechnology is fermentation. Fermentation was the most helpful for humans in making curd. Fermentation technology was used for production of beer, bread, cheese and wine. The relevance of traditional Indian knowledge in making dahi was indicated in few of patents found in the United States patent data base.
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