A Mixture is a material which consists of two or more pure substance (elements or compound) which are not chemically combined but are physically mixed in any proportion.
OR
“Mixture is made up of different constituents particles in uneven ratio.”
Example:
- Ghee or oil is not a pure substance but it is a mixture of number of similar pure substance.
- Air is not pure substance but it is mixture of gaseous such as oxygen, nitrogen carbon dioxide, inert gases ( argon) water vapour etc.
- Milk is not pure substance it is a mixture of fat, protein, and water.
- Some examples of mixture are : sugar solution, sea water, petrol, kerosene, oil, coal, Soil, Lemonade, vinegar, blood, smoke, mist etc.
Types of Mixture:
Depending upon the nature of components that are mixed to form mixture . Mixture have been classified following two type.
- Homogenous Mixture.
- Heterogeneous Mixture.
1) Homogenous Mixture:
- A Mixture is said to be homogenous if all the component of mixture are uniformly mixed and there are no boundaries separation between them.
- A homogenous mixture has a uniform composition throughout.
- The components of homogenous mixture are not see by naked eyes or even under a microscope.
- There are no visible boundaries of separation between components of homogenous mixture.
- A single phase of mixture may be liquid, gas, or solid.
Example:
- Homogenous mixture of liquid phase:
- Sugar solution, lemonade, It has uniform mix the composition throughout because all part of solution have the same sugar, water, lemon constituents are equally.
- Further there is no boundaries between sugar, water solution.
- Homogenous Mixture of miscible liquid:
- A solution of alcohol and water is a homogenous miscible liquid mixture.
- Homogenous mixture of gas:
- Air is the homogenous mixture of number of gases, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, inert gas water vapour etc
- Homogenous mixture of solid: Alloys are homogenous mixture two or more metals in a solid state for example alloys of zinc, copper, and steel alloys of iron, carbon and other metals.
2) Heterogeneous mixture
- A mixture is heterogeneous mixture if all the components of mixture are not uniformly mixed and there are visible boundaries between them .
- The components of heterogeneous mixture either visible of naked eyes or microscope.
Example:
- Heterogeneous mixture have two or more distinct phase:
- Chalk or sand particles in water is a heterogeneous mixture.
- Smoke is a heterogeneous mixture of carbon particles in air.
- A mixture of sugar and sand are heterogeneous mixture because different parts of mixture have different sugar and sand composition. Some part of mixture have more sugar constituents and other part have more sand particles. It has clearly visible in a mixture.
- Gun powder is a heterogeneous mixture of three solid that is sulphur. Charcoal ( fine particles of carbon) and potassium nitrates.
- A mixture of two immiscible liquid are heterogeneous mixture. For example a mixture of oil and water is heterogeneous mixture because oil and water do not mix in each other and form two separate layer that is they have visible boundaries of separation.
Properties of Mixture:
- A mixture may be homogenous or heterogeneous.
- The composition of mixture is variable.
This means that components of mixture may be present in any proportion by mass.
- A mixture does not have definite boiling or melting point.
- The properties of mixture are the properties of its constituents.
This means that the mixture show the properties of all the constituents present in it.
- The constituents of Mixture can be separated by simple physical method.
Such as filtration, evaporation, sublimation, distillation, extraction with solvent, magnet etc.
Question Answer
1) What is Mixture?
Answer: A Mixture is a material which consists of two or more pure substance (elements or compound) which are not chemically combined but are physically mixed in any proportion.
2) What is Homogenous mixture?
Answer: A Mixture is said to b homogenous if all the component of mixture are uniformly mixed and there are no boundaries separation between them.
3) What is heterogeneous mixture?
Answer:A mixture is heterogeneous mixture if all the components of mixture are not uniformly mixed and there are visible boundaries between them.
4) Write down properties of mixture?
Answer:Properties of mixture is following.
- A mixture may be homogenous or heterogeneous.
- The composition of mixture is variable.
This means that components of mixture may be present in any proportion by mass.
- A mixture does not have definite boiling or melting point.
- The properties of mixture are the properties of its constituents.
This means that the mixture show the properties of all the constituents present in it.
- The constituents of Mixture can be separated by simple physical method.
Such as filtration, evaporation, sublimation, distillation, extraction with solvent, magnet etc.