SCERT Maharashtra Question Bank Pdf Solution Q.2) B) II. Write short notes. There in Pdf total 23 Write short notes. We have given full Solve in this page.
Maharashtra Question Bank Class 10 Write short notes Solution
2 B) II) Write short notes.
- Sacred Grooves
Answer: The forest protected or conserved as religious ground in the name of god and considered sacred as a whole is known as sacred groove.
These grooves are not conserved by governments forest departments but instead conserved by society. There are approximately 13000 or even more sacred grooves have been founded all over India.
- Lake Tapping
Answer: When a tunnel is dug out near the lake bottom and up to the water rock contact of the lake than that entire process is called as lake tapping.
The final layer of rock is blown by the help of a dynamite to provide the inflow of water into the tunnel with more speed. Lake tapping is done for the generation of electricity when the water level goes down during the summer.
- Nuclear Power Plant
Answer: Uranium or plutonium are used as fuel in a nuclear power plant where nuclear fission process occurs in which nuclear energy is converted into thermal energy. The thermal energy produced during fission is used to heat the water present in boiler. This generates steam at very high temperature and pressure and this steam is directed on the blades of the turbine. The kinetic energy produced due to the flow of steam is then used to rotate the turbine. The turbines are connected to generator which converts this kinetic energy into electrical energy.
- Problems due to nuclear power plants
Answer: Improper disposal of nuclear waste may cause environmental contamination.
Radiation produced by nuclear waste is very dangerous to living beings as it can cause rapid mutation. At higher doses nuclear radiation is very lethal but at lower dosage it can cause various disorders. The most dangerous and frequent of all is the cancer.
- Collar cells
Answer: The collar cells also known as choanocytes. It lines the canals and spongocoel of the organisms of phylum porifera. Collar cells helps in the movement water inside the body and to remove water out from the body. This movement of water is helpful in food gathering and removal of waste form the body.
- Star Fish
Answer: The scientific name of starfish is Asterias and it belongs the phylum echinodermata. Starfish lives in marine water and have organ system level of organisation. It is triploblastic and coelomate animal. Starfish have excellent ability of regeneration.
- Mammals
Answer: Mammals can be found in a wide variety of habitats like polar ice caps, grasslands, forests mountains and etc. The most unique feature of mammals is that they have milk producing mammary glands to nourish young ones, they have two pair of limbs which can be used for running, walking, flying, swimming and etc. Mammals have hairs on their skin.
- Probiotics
Answer: Probiotics are live bacteria that are good for intestine and it maintains a proper gut microbiome for good absorption and digestion of food. Probiotics also helps in reducing the amount bad bacteria from the intestine. It also helps in increasing the overall gut immunity like Lactobacillus casei shirota present in yakult probioticcs. Probiotics contain various types of bacteria like Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidium.
- Microbial Enzymes
Answer: The enzymes obtained by microbial processes work optimally under low temperature. These enzymes are used for dirt or muck removal at low temperature when mixed with detergents hence saves a lot of energy. Some enzymes are specific for different types of stains like starch, oil, proteins etc. Hence work very efficiently when mixed with detergents. Microbial enzymes work optimally under only low temperature, pressure, and ph hence saves a lots of energy.
- Bio-fuels
Answer: Bio fuel is simply a fuel that is derived from living matter or organic matter. It is generally produced from biomass of animal waste like dung, vegitable oil, fats, plant materials etc as these feedstock can be replenished continuously bio fuel can be considered as a renewable source of energy. For the formation of bio fuel biomass form various organic sources is first harvested and then transported for threshing . The remaining material left after threshing contains cellulose which is later on converted into glucose and this glucose is then converted to liquid fuel through a process called fermentation which is then used for various tasks to perform.
- Land filling sites
Answer: Landfilling sites are present far away from normal residential areas to prevent contamination of microbes to human beings, in this method of waste disposal large pits are created in an open ground. then these pits are further covered with plastic sheets to prevent soil contamination which is caused by leaching of toxic and harmful substances into the soil. These pits are completely filled with waste material and then finally covered with a layer of soil. Various microbes decomposes the waste material and after some days a good quality compost can be obtained and this landfill site can be reused again.
- Microbial Inoculants
Answer: The process of fermentation is used for the production of microbial inoculants. These are either can be directly released into plants or sprayed on seeds before sowing. The microbial inoculants helps in plant growth by supplying nutrients hence ultimately it also improves the quality of food. Soil pollution and biomagnifications caused by using chemical fertilizers can be prevented by incorporating the use of microbial inoculants. Azotobacter bacteria and a nitrogenase solution is used in organic farming.
- Bio-insecticides
Answer: The insecticides which are derived from natural biological agents are called as the bio-insecticides. Some bacterial and fungal toxins are isolated and are incorporated into plants with the help of recombinant DNA technology and these toxins work as effective bio-insecticides. For example Bt toxin gene is isolated from bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis and has been expressed in plants to make them resistant against insects without need for insecticides, hence a bio-pesticide is created.
- Organ and Body donation
Answer: Organ and body donation have been become more accepted by people in recent times and now they believe that after death their body and organ should be donated to needy peoples who are in desperate need of organ transplantation. Awareness about this is gradually increasing in our country from last years and now people are voluntarily donating their body and organs after death as their organs remain viable for some short time after death. Also many government and social organization are helping to create more awareness about body donation. Organs like liver, kidney, heart, eyes etc. Can be donated to needy peoples so that they could live a happy life.
- Green Revolution
Answer: Green revolution began in the 1960s in India . It was a period during which modern technologies were created and adapted for agriculture to increase the yield capacity by using high variety yielding seeds, irrigation facilities, use of pesticides, mechanical farming tools and fertilizers. The two scientists Dr Norman Borlaug and DR M.S. Swaminathan have given their great contribution to green revolution through their research.
- White Revolution
Answer: White revolution was launched in 1970 and the initiative was taken by National dairy development board(NDDB) which was the world’s biggest dairy development programme. It made India into the world largest producers of milk. It introduced milch animal husbandry and also removed the middle man or brokers from farmer market supply chain and also increased milk production as well as profit to the farmers. This strategy is also called as operational flood. The experiment in co-operation dairy movement was led by Dr Verghese kurein which helped in enhanced milk production in India. This as a whole is called white revolution.
- Blue Revolution
Answer: The blue revolution resulted in a exponential growth and intensification of global aquaculture which includes domestication, farming of fish, aquatic plants from the mid of 20th century to till now. The Indian government played a big role to increase the production of fish by motivating people about pisciculture. The govt launched ‘Nil–Krant Mission-2016’(NKM-16). And also provides subsidies up to 50-100% in this case.
Marine fishes like Lobsters and shrimp and fresh water fishes like Rohu, Catla,etc. Fisheries are being processed on a large scale.
- Biotechnology
Answer: Biotechnology deals with the technology of using live organisms or enzymes from various organisms to produce a large number of products useful to humans. all the microbe mediated processes like making of curd, bread or wine can be thought as a form of biotechnology.
Creating pest resistant crops through recombinant DNA technology, test tube babies from invitro fertilization is also a form of biotechnology. Production of covid vaccines, drugs and human hormones like insulin, gene therapy are all parts of biotechnology. Biotech is also used to produce genetically modified crops and animal to increase their yield.
- Various ways for stress management
Answer: Stress can be managed by many ways like having at least 8 hours of sleep at night as less sleep makes the mind unstable, the usage of smart phones, tv, laptop should be avoided before sleeping as it emits blue light which disturbs the sleep hormone released in our brain and thus increases stress.
Having a good diet, daily exercise or at least workout 4 days in a week is the key to reduce stress. Meditation of minimum 10 minutes daily, breathing exercise can also play a great role in stress management. Washing face with cold water during work hours could also help to tamp down the stress.
- Budding in Hydra
Answer: Budding is the asexual mode of reproduction in Hydra. Budding occurs only when there is favourable condition. During budding excessive cell division occurs at the basal end of the body which results in the formation of a bud. This bud grows and form tentacles and developed into a new individual. At the end the young hydra get detached from the parent body and becomes a new independent individual.
- In-vitro fertilization
Answer: In vitro means outside the body hence in vitro fertilization is the process of fusing as egg with sperm outside the body in a test tube or glass pate to form a zygote under artificial condition similar to human body in the laboratory. When the zygote reaches up to 8 blastomere stage it is transferred into the fallopian tube for further development.
- Reasons of infertility
Answer: There are many reasons of infertility in women some of which are irregularities in menstrual cycle, blockage in fallopian tube, usage of too much contraceptive pills, failure in implantation in uterus and many other reasons. Whereas in man infertility may occur due to use of too much alcohol or drugs, low sperm count, abnormalities in the shape and size of sperm, obesity and some other reasons.