SCERT Maharashtra Question Bank Pdf Solution Q.2.B) Solve the following subquestions. There in Pdf total 82 Solve the following subquestions. We have given full Solve in this page.
Maharashtra Question Bank Class 10 Solve the following subquestions Solution
2) B) I) Solve the following questions
- Write a short note: Embryological evidences.
Answer: Comparative study of embryonic developmental stages of various vertebrates during different stages shows that all embryos show extreme similarities during initial stages and those similarities decrease gradually. Similarities in initial stages also indicate that all these animals probably have a common origin. This indicates evolution in a broad sense in a way that all these animals had a common origin because their embryonic stages look similar.
- Complete the flow chart.
Answer:a) Vestigial organ, b) Palaeontological evidences
- Write advantages of hereditary.
Answer: Hereditary is the transfer of biological characters from one generation to next generation via genes. Hereditary helps in conserving genetic material and iventually several characters. Heredity is also useful for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of hereditary disorders, production of hybrid varieties of animals and plants and in industrial processes in which microbes are used.
- Enlist evidences of evolution.
Answer: Some of the proofs or evidences in support of evolution are:
- Morphological evidences: Similarities in structure of mouth, position of eye, structure of ear, etc indicate evolution
- Anatomical evidences: Similarity in the structure of bones and joints of some organs of different animals.
- Vestigial organs: Degenerated or underdeveloped useless organs of organisms.
- Palaeontological evidences: Fossils, remnants and impressions of some organisms show similarity.
- Embryological evidences: Similarities observed in different embryological stages of different animals.
- What is the inheritance of acquired characters?
Answer:Acquired characters are the characters which are acquired during the life of an animal due to some of the adaptations into one’s environment. When these acquired characters are transferred from one generation to another, it is called inheritance of acquired characters. For example, it is believed that the giraffe developed long neck because these animals browsed on leaves of tall plants for several generations, extending their neck.
6.) What is species and speciation?
Answer: Species is a group of organisms that can reproduce fertile offspring through natural reproduction.Each species grows in specific geographical conditions. Their food, habitat, reproductive ability and period is different. But sometimes a part of this group of animals either migrate to other places or any physiological barriers comes in the middle of the species, a whole new species is developed. This phenomenon of development of a whole new species from an existing species is called speciation.
7.) Which genetic disorders are caused by mutation?
Answer: Sometimes sudden changes occur in the genes when these genes are transferred from the parents to the offspring. This sudden change can be change in position of nucleotide of the gene causing some minor changes. This is called mutation. Some of the genetic disorders caused by mutations include; sickle cell anaemia, cystic fibrosis, down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome.
8.) Define the evidence of evolution shown in the figure.
Answer: The figure shown on the figure is that of an appendix near the large intestine. An appendix is a vestigial organ. Vestigial organs are some degenerated or underdeveloped useless organs of organisms. Sudden development of new tissues or organs for living in changing environment is not possible. Instead, existing organs undergo gradual changes. Appendix which is useless to humans, is useful and fully functional organ in ruminants.
9.) What are the main energy sources of living organisms?
Answer: Some of the major energy sources of living organisms include sun provides us with sunlight which is essential for some important processes like photosynthesis which provides energy to the plants. The living organisms also get energy from some of the food sources and these food sources are rich in nutrients like carbohydrates and fats which are the main energy giving nutrients. Nutrients like protein, vitamins and minerals are also present in the food.
10.) What is cellular respiration? State names of its two methods.
Answer: Carbohydrates are mainly utilised for production of energy required for daily needs. This energy is obtained in the form of ATP. For this purpose, glucose is oxidised step by step in the cells. This is called cellular respiration. Cellular respiration occurs among the living organisms by two methods. The two methods are aerobic respiration (oxygen is involved) and anaerobic respiration (oxygen is not involved)
11.) Which molecules are formed during the glycolysis process?
Answer: The process of glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm. A molecule of glucose is oxidized step by step in this process and two molecules of each i.e, pyruvic acid, NADH2, ATP and water is formed. Molecules of pyruvic acid formed in this process are converted into molecules of Acetyl Coenzyme A. Two molecules of NADH2 and two molecules of CO2 are released in this process.
12.) Which molecules are formed after whole oxidation of acetyl coenzyme A?
Answer: Both molecules of Acetyl Coenzyme A formed in the glycolysis process enter the mitochondria. Cyclic chain of reactions called as tricarboxylic acid cycle is operated on it in the mitochondria. Acetyl part of acetyl coenzyme A is completely oxidized through this cyclical process and molecules CO2, H2O, NADH2, FADH2 are derived.
13.) Which amino acids are obtained after digestion of protein?
Answer:Proteins are the macromolecules formed by bonding together many amino acids. Amino acids are obtained after digestion of proteins. The amino acids obtained after digestion of protein include melanin and keratin in the skin, ossein in bones, Haemoglobin and antibodies in blood, actin and myosin in muscles, trypsin and insulin in pancreas, various proteins, enzymes and hormones. These amino acids are absorbed in the body and transported up to each organ and cell via blood.
14.) Explain the use of fatty acids.
Answer: Specific chemical bond between fatty acids and alcohol leads to the formation of lipids. Fatty acids are absorbed up and distributed everywhere within the body. From these fatty, different cells produce various substances necessary to themselves. For example, the molecules called phospholipids which are essential for producing plasma membrane are formed from fatty acids. Fatty acids are also used in producing hormones like progesterone, estrogen, testosterone, aldosterone, etc and the covering around the axons of nerve cells.
15.) What are vitamins? State its two groups and six types.
Answer: Vitamins are a group of heterogenous compounds of which each is essential for proper operation of various processes in our body. The main six types of vitamins are vitamin A, B, C, D, E and K. And the two groups of vitamins are: Fat-soluble vitamins and water-soluble vitamins. Vitamins A, D, E and K are fat-soluble vitamins, while B and C are water-soluble vitamins. Vitamins like Riboflavin (vitamin B2) and nicotinamide (vitamin B3) respectively are necessary for the production of FADH2 and NADH2 produced in glycolysis and Kreb cycle.
16.) Explain the advantages of cell division to your friend.
Answer: Cell division is one of the very important properties of cells and living organisms. Only because of cell division a new organism is formed from an existing one, a multicellular organism grows up and emaciated body can be restored. Cell division is essential for the growth of the body. It is also essential for wound healing and formation of new blood cells. During cell division, mainly during meiosis, genetic recombination also takes place. Due to this reason all the four daughter cells are genetically different from parent cells and each other too.
17.) Explain the following figure.
Answer: The process depicted in the above picture is that of cytokinesis. After the process of karyokinesis, the cytoplasm divides by cytokinesis and two new cells are formed which are called daughter cells. During this process, a notch is formed at the equatorial plane of the cell which deepens gradually and thereby two new cells are formed.
18.) State the characteristics of the step of cell division shown in figure.
Answer: The stage of cell division depicted in the above picture is that of Anaphase I. In Anaphase I of meiosis, the centromere splits and homologous chromosomes separate from each other more accurately they are pulled apart in opposite directions with the help of spindle fibres. Chromosomes being pulled appear like a bunch of bananas. At the end of Anaphase Each set of chromosomes reach at two opposite poles of the cell.
19.) Identify the type of reproduction from the following explanation and draw a neat and labelled diagram.
Answer:
A)The type of reproduction in which the body of parent organism breaks up into many fragments and each fragments starts to live as an independent new organism is known as fragmentation. Fragmentation is an asexual reproduction which occurs in multicellular organisms.
B) Fragmentation is a type of asexual reproduction occurs in algae like spirogyra and sponges like sycon.
20.) Distinguish between self-pollination and cross-pollination.
Answer: When pollination involves only one flower or two flowers borne on same plant, it is called self-pollination whereas if it involves two flowers borne on two different plants of same species, it is cross-pollination. Self-pollination is observed in plants like peanuts, tomatoes and rice. Cross-pollination is observed in plants like beans, pumpkins, tulips, etc.
21.) Distinguish between sexual and asexual reproduction.
Answer: The process of formation of a new organism by an organism of same species without involvement of gametes is called asexual reproduction. Since the fusion of two different gametes are not involved, the new organism has exact genetic similarity with the reproducing organisms. On the other hand, sexual reproduction involves the fusion of a male and a female gamete and hence the genetic material from both the parents also recombine. This whole process of fusion of both gametes is called fertilisation.
22.) Explain the process of fertilisation.
Answer: The process of fusion of haploid male and female gametes is known as fertilisation. The process of fertilisation leads to the formation of a diploid zygote. Fertilisation of male and female gametes is a characteristic of sexual reproduction. The new individual always has the recombined genes of both the parents. Hence, the new individual shows similarities with the parents for some characters and has some characters different than both the parents.
23.) State names of organs in male reproductive system.
Answer: The organs involved in the human male reproductive system are: Testes that are present in the scrotum, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, Cowper’s gland, urino-genital duct, penis.
24.) State names of organs in female reproductive system.
Answer: The organs involved in the female reproductive system include: A pair of ovaries, a pair of oviducts, single uterus, and a vagina. Besides all these organs a pair of Bartholin’sglands is also present. All these organs are situated in the abdominal cavity. Ovum is released from the ovary every month, and is received by the free end of the oviduct which is funnel shaped.
25.) Explain asexual reproduction in plants.
Answer: Asexual reproduction is the formation of new organism by an organism of same species without involvement of gametes. The type of asexual reproduction mainly found in plants are vegetative propagation. Reproduction in plants with the help of vegetative parts like roots, stem, leaves and bud is called vegetative reproduction. For example, vegetative propagation in potatoes is performed with the help of eyes present on tuber. In sugarcane, vegetative propagation occurs with the help of buds present on nodes.
26.) What would be the effect if meiosis did not occur in nature?
Answer: The process of gamete formation and spore formation occurs by meiosis. In this type of cell division, reductional division occurs which leads to the formation of four haploid (n) daughter cells which are helpful in producing haploid gametes as well as spores. But if the process of meiosis did not occur at all duplication of genes will happen and the new formed individuals will have double sets of chromosomes than usual. This will eventually lead to many types of abnormalities in the new individuals.
27.) What is reproduction? Explain the importance of the reproduction process.
Answer: Reproduction is one of the important characters of living organisms. It is also one of the reasons behind the process of evolution of species. Reproduction helps to maintain the continuity of the species of that organism. Reproduction can asexual or sexual. Reproduction is an important process because if reproduction does not occur, all the living organisms will disappear from earth. Therefore, reproduction is important fo r the stability of the ecosystem.
28.) Explain two main processes in sexual reproduction.
Answer: The two main processes involved in the sexual reproduction are as follows;
- Gamete formation: Haploid gametes are formed by meiosis. In meiosis the chromosome number is reduced to half.
- Fertilisation: A diploid zygote is formed in this process by the union of haploid male and female gametes. The zygote divides by mitosis and an embryo is formed. The embryo develops to form a new individual.
29.) What are the meanings of the symbols A, B and C shown in the figure with respect to environment?
Answer: A) This symbol states that “please do not litter”, and throw the garbage only in the dustbin.
B) This symbol states “green energy”, Eco-friendly source of energy.
C) This symbols states “Save water”, using water with utmost care is important.
30.) What is environmental pollution? Which are types of pollution?
Answer: Unnecessary or unacceptable change in the surrounding environment due to natural events or human activities are called environmental pollution. i.e direct or indirect change in the physical, chemical or biological properties of air, water and soil which will be harmful to humans and other living organisms is environmental pollution. The various types of environmental pollution include; soil, air, water, sound, thermal and light pollution.
31.) Which are two components effecting the environment? State two examples of each.
Answer: The two components effecting the environment are natural factors and man-made factors. The natural factors include those factors which occur naturally like the natural calamities namely flood, drought, earthquakes, landslides, etc. The man-made factors include the factors that are caused by human beings like deforestation, industrialisation, pollution of any kind, and excessive use of natural resources.
32.) Complete the following concept chart.
33.) Complete food chain.
Answer:
Grass ——-> Grasshopper——>Frog ——-> Snake ——>Eagle
34.) What is the moral of the story of Jadav Molai Payeng?
Answer: Jadav Molai Payeng a highly capable forest worker in Assam planted several trees like bamboos in a forest in Assam after a flood destroyed its living habitat. He was a crucial part of afforestation project of the government followed after the calamity. But Jadav continued to plant and take care of the trees even after the project time was over. The moral of this story is that “a single person, if determined, can establish a new forest!”.
35.) What are vulnerable species? Give two examples.
Answer: Vulnerable species are those species whose number is extremely less and continues to decline. Continuous decline in their number is a worrisome reason. If proper measures are not taken there are chances that these species will eventually disappear from our environment. Some of the examples of vulnerable species include; tiger and lion.
36.) Label the figure.
Answer:
37.) Complete the following chart.
Answer:
Type | Example | |
A) | Pieces | Shark |
B) | Amphibians | Frog |
C) | Mammalians | Elephant |
D) | Reptiles | Lizard |
38.) Distinguish between class Aves and class mammalians.
Answer: Aves are completely adapted for aerial life. Their body is spindle shaped to minimise air resistance during flight. Their forelimbs are modified into wings and digits are covered with scales and bear claws. Their exoskeleton is present in form of feather. While the mammals are characterised by the presence of mammary glands, their digits are provided with nails, claws or hooves. Exoskeleton is in the form of hair or fur.
39.) Distinguish between class Pisces and class Amphibians.
Answer: Animals in class Pisces have a spindle shaped body to minimise water resistance. They have paired or unpaired fins for swimming. Their exoskeleton is in the form of scales and endoskeleton is either cartilaginous or bony. Respiration in these animals occurs through gills. Amphibians are strictly aquatic in their larval stage while during the adult life they can live both on land as well as water. Their digits are without claws, exoskeleton is absent. Their skin is usually kept for respiration.
40.) Distinguish between butterfly and bat.
Answer: Butterfly belongs to the phylum Arthropoda as they have jointed appendages. Their body is triploblastic, segmented and bilaterally symmetrical. Chitinous exoskeleton is present around their body. While the bats belong to the phylum Mammals, they give birth to young ones. They also have mammary glands present, their body is divided into head, neck, trunk and tail. Their digits are provided with claws or hooves. Their wings are supported by the exoskeleton and are called patagium.
41.) Complete the following activity.
Answer:
a) Shark and fishes like rohu, pomfret, sting ray which belong to the phylum Pisces.
b) Birds like peacock, parrot, pigeon, duck which belong to the phylum Aves.
c) Elephants, humans, kangaroos, dolphin, bats, etc which belong to the phylum Mammals.
42.) Answer the following.
Answer:
a) Earthworm belongs to the phylum Annelida and starfish belongs to the phylum Echinodermata.
b) Earthworms have a number of setae, parapodia or suckers for locomotion. While starfish perform locomotion with the help of tube-feet.
c) Coelenterates or Cnidarians have Cnidoblasts bearing tentacles around the mouth which acts like a sting and also helps in capturing prey and for protection.
43.) We are Crocodile and Alligator
Answer:
a) They both belong to the class Reptilia.
b) Their body is divided into head, neck and trunk.
c) They can’t breathe underwater because they do not have gills for breathing underwater.
44.) Answer the following.
Answer:
a) Setae or parapodia for the purpose of locomotion is usually seen in the phylum Annelida.
b) Jointed appendages are normally seen in the phylum Arthropoda.
c)Animals that are included in the class Amphibians have soft legs without claws.
45.) Answer the following.
Answer:
a) According to the course of animal evolution, the phylum which is at the lowest level is the phylum Porifera.
b) They give out water from their body through the osculum.
c)These animals take in water through the ostia.
46.) Answer the following.
Answer:
a)If the animals are marine and aquatic, they belong to the phylum Cnidaria.
b) Cnidoblast bearing tentacles are useful for capturing prey and cnidoblast inject toxins into the body of the prey.
c) By injecting toxins into the body of harmful insects can help in controlling them.
47.) Give advantages of classification of animals.
Answer: Advantages of animal classification include: Study of animals becomes convenient, it helps us to understand the characteristics of animals, it gives us some idea about animal evolution, it helps in the identification of animals, it also helps us to understand relationship of animals with other living organisms, it helps us to understand the habitat of each animal and its role in nature and it also helps to understand various adaptations shown by animals.
48.) Draw a neat and labelled diagram.
Answer:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
49.) Observe the given figure and answer the following.
Answer:
a) The animal shown in the given figure belongs to the phylum Aschelminths.
b) The body of these animals is long thread-like or cylindrical. They are called round worms. Their body is triploblastic and pseudocoelomate. Their body is non-segmented and covered with tough cuticle. These animals are unisexual.
50.) Observe the following figure and answer the following.
Answer:
a) The butterfly, centipede and the scorpion shown in the figure belong to the phylum Arthropoda due to the presence of a chitinous exoskeleton present around their body, segmented body and most importantly jointed appendages.
b)The exoskeleton of these animals is made up of a chemical named chitin.
c)Some other examples of the phylum Arthropoda include cockroach and crab.
51.) Answer the question based on the given paragraph.
Lady Bug Beetle
Lady bug beetles are friends of farmers as they destroy harmful insects. It is a
predatory insect, which lives on biting worm, white fly worm, white moth, flower insects
and bread worms. It acts as a natural insecticide for crops like maize, jawar, cotton,
sugarcane, cereals, vegetables, fruit trees, etc. These are attractive red or yellow or grey
coloured insects. Many species of this insect are found in our farms. The lifecycle of this
insect follows eggs, larvae, cocoon & moth stages. The eggs are found in flutter. The
larvae are grey in colour. Larvae & adults both live on sucking insects.
Answer:
a)The lady bug beetles lives on biting worm, white fly worm, white moth, flower insects and bread worms.
b)They areattractive red or yellow or grey coloured insects.
c)The stages of the life cycle of lady bug include eggs, larvae, cocoon and moth stages.
d)Lady bug beetles are friends of farmers as they destroy harmful insects, it is a predatory insect.
52.) What are stem cells? State its two types.
Answer: Stem cells are special types of cells present in the body of multicellular organisms. These cells give rise to all other types of cells present in the body of multicellular organisms. They play an important role in wound healing. On the basis of the source, stem cells are of two types like embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are formed from the zygote. While the adult stem cells are obtained from the body of an adult person.
53.)Why are some of the organs in the human body most valuable?
Answer: Some organs like eye, liver, kidney, skin, etc are very important to the human body as they help in the survival of the human body by helping in various metabolic as well as physiological processes. These are also valuable in the sense that they can be donated to a needy person in case of any accidents or other life-threatening diseases.
54.) What is biotechnology? Give two examples of biotechnology.
Answer: Biotechnology is a branch of science which deals with the biological systems of living organisms to bring about artificial changes and hybridization in organisms for human welfare. Biotechnology includes various branches of science like cytology, biochemistry, molecular biology and genetic engineering. Some of the examples of biotechnology include; Genetically modified crops, herbicide tolerant plants and crop biotechnology which include hybrid seeds and genetically modified crops.
55.) What is the importance of stem cells in medical science?
Answer: Stem cells are special types of cells which can give rise to all other types of cells present in the body. They have a lot of importance in the medical science like in regenerative therapy which include cell therapy in which stem cells are used to replace the dead cells in case of conditions like diabetes, myocardial infarction, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease. It is also used to produce blood cells required in conditions like anaemia, thalassemia, leukemia,etc.
56.) Explain vaccination.
Answer: Vaccination is a process in which an antigen containing material is given to acquire either permanent or temporary immunity against a specific pathogen or disease. Completely or partially killed pathogens are used as vaccines. But nowadays scientists have produced the antigen in laboratory with the help of gene isolated from the pathogen and used it as a vaccine. These types of vaccines are known to be safer as they do not present with the possibility of contracting the patient with any kind of disease.
57.) Complete the following concept chart.
Answer:
58.) Answer the following
Answer:
a)Communicating with others is a very important aspect of social life. Communicating not just involves telling something to someone but also involves listening what others are sharing. Communicating the problems in your life with others not just helps you cope with the stress and difficulty but also helps in understanding the problems from other’s perspective.
b)If a friend has developed the hobby of snapping selfies, we can ask these friends to control this habit and reduce the frequency of selfie taking slowly. We can also make them understand that it is not that necessary to have photos of all the moments of your life rather living in the exact moment is much more satisfying and fulfilling.
c)If a child ofa neighbour is addicted to tobacco chewing, we can ask the child to chew some other healthy food whenever they have the urge to chew tobacco. We can also ask the child to slowly decrease the number of times they are chewing the tobacco.
59.) State three aspects of disaster which are important in view of common citizens.
Answer: Three aspects of disaster which are important in the view of common citizens are as follows:
- Phase of emergency
- Transitional phase
- Reconstruction phase
60.) Write the effects of political disaster.
Answer: The effects of political disaster include political unrest, instability in the governing body and therefore collapsing of the government. All these things will have a major effect on the citizens of the country. People will also lose trust in the political leaders and hence will take a lot of time to gain back that trust.
61.) Define disaster.
Answer: Dangerous events occurring in the environment are called disaster. Such events cause sudden changes in the environment and thereby cause damage to it. The damaged caused to the environment due to excessive use of natural resources might lead to sudden disasters which are unexpected to humans. These can be included in man-made disasters. Disasters also has been reported to cause huge loss of life and properties.
62.) Write a short note on phase of emergency.
Answer: The important character of this phase is that maximum lives can be saved by quick actions during this phase only. Various actions like search and rescue operations, medical assistance, first aid, restoring communication services, removing the people from affected areas are expected in this phase. Gravity of disaster can be estimated in this phase only.
63.) What are the seven main aspects of disaster management cycle?
Answer: The seven main aspects of the disaster management cycle are:
- Preparation- which includes planning
- Redemption- Planning to minimize damage to society
- Preparedness- Plan is chalked out
- Impact of disaster- Intensities of various aspects are reviewed
- Response- Response to disaster to be given immediately after incident
- Resurgence- Link between emergency measures and national progress
- Restoration- Useful for progress of nation and rehabilitation.
64.) Give two examples of mock drill.
Answer: Mock drill is a practice to check the preparedness of facing the disaster as early as possible. Trained personnel observe their responsibilities to check execution of plan designed for disaster redressal. Some examples of mock drill include demonstrations like extinguishing the fire, rescuing the people trapped at higher floors of buildings, rescuing the person whose clothing have caught the fire, etc.
65.) Write four objectives of mock drill.
Answer: Few objectives of mock drill are as follows:
- Evaluating the response to the disaster.
- Improving the coordination between various departments of disaster control.
- Identification of own abilities.
- Improving the ability of quick response to disaster.
66.) How would we rescue the citizens whose clothes had caught fire?
Answer: We can rescue the citizens whose clothes had caught fire by asking them to fall on ground and roll in the soil. We can also ask them to stop running as they get more access to air, the fire will enhance. We can also blanket over the person to put off the fire. Lastly, we can pour some water over the person’s body.
67.) Enlist the necessary materials in a First-Aid kit.
Answer: The necessary materials in a first-aid kit are: Bandage strips, wound gauze, medicated cotton, hand gloves, clean and dry cloth pieces, soap, antiseptic, safety pins, needle, band aid, torch, scissor, thermometer, petroleum jelly.
68.) Give an example of disaster due to unawareness.
Answer: Some of the examples of disasters due to unawareness are explosions, fires, burns, heat shocks, fire due to short circuit, etc. These types of disasters can be very dangerous as they may happen at a very unexpected location as well as at a very unexpected time.
69.) Give two examples of post-disaster management.
Answer: Some post- disaster managements are:
- Providing all types of necessary help to victims of disasters.
- Participation of preferably local people saved from the disaster in arranging the help to victims.
70.) Give one example of each of a huge disaster and small disaster.
Answer: Huge disasters include disasters like flooding, tsunami, forest fire, landslides, volcano, earthquake, etc. And small disasters include minor burns, electric shock, heat shock, etc.
71.) Give one example each of long duration disaster and short duration disaster.
Answer: Some examples of long duration disasters are war, riots, pandemics, landslides, flood, etc. And some of the short duration disasters are minor burns, electric shocks, etc.
72.) In account of disaster, which important facts are to be considered?
Answer: Some important facts to be considered while any kind of disaster are: Do not make chaos and push each other while any sort of disaster, remind important helplines and use as per need, do not touch any unclaimed objects, do not spread rumours, etc.
73.) What is the transitional phase of disaster?
Answer: Rehabilitation work is started in this phase, after the subsidence of any type of disaster. It includes clearing of debris, restoring water supply, repairing roads, etc so that it will help to bring normalcy in public life. Rehabilitation of victims is important aspect of this phase. Generally different institutes offer the monetary and other type of help to such people.
74.) Which disastrous effects occur during earthquakes?
Answer: During earthquake a lot of mishaps are observed, like collapsing of buildings, cracking of buildings or roads, destruction of trees and other facilities, debris being collected all over the place, scarcity of food resources, etc. Earthquake can even be disastrous to the human lives around the effected place.
75.) What is a catastrophic disaster? Give example.
Answer: The type of disaster that causes a huge loss of lives and loss of properties and other resources and even the loss of a number lives can be termed as a catastrophic disaster. It takes a huge amount of time to recover from such kinds of disasters and hence cause even the loss of a lot of money to the government.
76.) Mention the long-term effects of disaster on society.
Answer: There are definitely some long term effects of disasters on the society. One of the main and very important effect is that of spending a lot of money for the reconstruction of all these destructed buildings and other facilities. It can cause a huge economic crisis on the country. It will also be very difficult to fill the gap of lost family members or relatives. It will also cause some social difficulties among the victims of the disaster. The victims may be traumatized for a long time followed by the events.
77.) Which are very dangerous environmental events?
Answer: Some of the very dangerous environmental events are definitely the natural as well as the man-made disasters. They might be earthquake, flood, landslide, thunderstorm, volcanic eruption, hurricanes, forest fires, etc.
78.) Which are natural disasters?
Answer: Some natural disasters are: Flood, wildfires, earthquakes, storms, cyclones, hurricanes, tornadoes, drought, famine, etc.
79.) Explain the symbols.
Answer: The first symbol states that its dangerous substance. Ingestion of even small amount of these substances can cause deadly effects in living organisms and can even cause death of these organisms. The second symbol indicates that it is a environmental hazard which can be harmful to the living organisms mainly the aquatic organisms.
80.) In 2020, the whole world is facing a disaster.
Answer:
a) This type of disaster is called the pandemic as it was spread all throughout the world and was even deadly.
b) The virus which is causing this disaster is called corona virus.
c) The rules that we followed to survive this disaster were: Wearing mask in a public place, using sanitisers after exposure to anything outside the world, eating healthy food rich in vitamins and minerals to protect us from the virus, practising social distancing when out in public spaces, etc.
d) Effects of this disaster include death of a number of people from family and friends, Schools getting closed and hence education system coming to a standstill, local businesses getting closed, which caused massive poverty among the poor people.
81.) Observe the given photographs and answer the questions.
Answer:
a) The photographs shown here are of flooding
b) The effects of flooding include loss of homes, properties, electricity problems, water-borne diseases, and soil erosion, etc.
82.) Observe the given picture and answer the question.
Answer:
a)In the picture A we can see ‘earthquake’, while in picture B we can see ‘wildfire’.
b)Effect of earthquakeare collapse of residential buildings and roads, people losing their home and shelter, trees and other natural resources getting destroyed. Effect of wildfire include loss of forest and trees, loss of some buildings presents near the fire, massive and problematic air pollution.
c)In the case of earthquake finding shelter under wooden tables and chairs can be done, moving to open ground can also be done. In the case of wildfire, moving from that area as early as possible, and calling the fire department immediately is necessary.