Maharashtra Board Class 9 Science Solution Chapter 9 – Environmental Management
Balbharati Maharashtra Board Class 9 Science Solution Chapter 9: Environmental Management. Marathi or English Medium Students of Class 9 get here Environmental Management full Exercise Solution.
|
Std |
Maharashtra Class 9 |
| Subject |
Science Solution |
|
Chapter |
Environmental Management |
1.) Match the items in column A with the proper ones in column B.
Ans:
1) Harmful waste: Radioactive material
2) Domestic waste: Left over food, vegetables, peeling of fruits.
3) Biomedical waste: Bandages, cotton, needles.
4) Industrial waste: Chemicals, pigment, ash.
5) Urban waste: glass, rubber, carry bags.
2.) Complete the given statements using the given options.
( Geographic favourability, climate, weather, observatory)
Ans:
a) Of the abiotic factors that affect biodiversity by far the most important is
b) A description of the climatic conditions of short duration in a particular area is weather.
c) Irrespective of the progress of human beings, we have to think about climate.
d) Establishments where various climatic factors are recorded are called observatory.
3.) Answer the following questions.
a) How is first aid provided to victims of disasters who are injured?
Ans:
The main aim of the first aid is to prevent from death, to prevent deterioration of health and to start the process of rehabilitation.
Airway:
- If there will be difficulty in breathing if victim then we have to make head in the backward sloping position or we have to raise the chin so that no obstacles will be their for respiratory passage.
Breathing:
- The victim should be given an artificial venting by mouth to mouth resuscitation when breathing will be stopped.
Circulation:
- When the victim is feeling unconscious then initially we have to give mouth to mouth respiration two times and then heart should be pressed down by pressing the chest with our both the palms.
- We have to repeat this process near about 15 times which is called as cardio- pulmonary resuscitation.
- And because of CPR the blood circulation will be comes back to normal.
Bleeding:
- When there will be bleeding from the wound of the victim then we have to cover the wound by antiseptic pad and we have to apply pressure on it for 5 minutes with our thumb or palm.
Fracture and impact on vertebrae:
- When there will be some bone is fractured then that part should be immobilized which can be done by wooden rods or rulers.
- If there will be an impact on the vertebral column then the victim should be kept immobile on the firm stretcher.
Burns:
- If there will be burn injuries to victims then that part should be keep under cold and clean water for minimum 10 minutes.
- b) State the scientific and eco-friendly methods of waste management.
Ans:
In scientific and eco-friendly waste management following methods are used.
Incineration:
- In this process the waste are burned at very high temperature so that their volume and weight will be decreased and also the hazardous components will be reduced.
- Generally, Medical waste is disposed using this type of method.
Landfill sites:
- Landfill are the large dug outs where industrial waste is dumped. When the site become full it can be converted into park or playground.
Pyrolysis:
- Pyrolysis is the chemical process in which solid wastes are decomposed under heat and high pressure. And the products formed after pyrolysis are used in producing steam and electricity.
Composting:
- It is the process for the decomposition of organic waste. In this process the organic waste materials are decomposed in the pits to release the nutrients.
Vermicomposting:
- In this process the compost is made by using kitchen garbage using earthworms.
c) Explain with suitable example, the relationship between weather forecasting and disaster management.
Ans:
- Weather forecasting predict the weather of particular area for the incoming 2-3 days. And meteorological department predicts this future changes occurring in the nature.
- For example: if there will be chances of heavy rainfall, storms or cyclones then this information is strictly given by the authorities to people of that area and certain measures are also taken.
- The information is given to the fisherman also do that they can’t enter in the sea water while high tides or heavy rainfall.
- But disaster management helps in reducing the loss to lives and property by knowing the information given by meteorological department.
- The disaster management warns the people and required precautions will be taken by the disaster management before changing the weather conditions.
d) Why is e-waste harmful? Express your opinion about this.
Ans:
- The e-waste includes electronic waste materials like discarded computers, TVs , Mobile phone, electronic toys, batteries.
- These electronic waste materials are non degradable and when thrown in the environment they cause pollution and very dangerous to our health also.
- Because this waste contains materials like lead, cadmium, plastic, mercury which are not degradable and hence causes the dangerous diseases like cancer.
- If this harmful substances are entered in food chain then there will be bioaccumulation takes place.
- Due to increase in technology day by day the use of electronic products is increasing and due to which old electronic wastes are creating by city and now by also the villages. And hence in huge amount e-waste is creating which may collapse all the environment.
e) How will you register your individual participation in solid waste management.
Ans:
- The individual participation in solid waste management plays a very important role. If everyone should play their role at their level then overall there will be huge waste management will occurs.
- In our kitchen we can separate the degradable and non degradable materials differently so that we can use them further.
- For example leftover food, fruits, vegetables peels can be used in making compost and which can be given to plants in our garden also.
- We have to use less plastic material and instead of plastic bags we have to use paper bags or bags made from cloths because plastic is non degradable waste which creates pollution mostly.
- We can use plastic bottles or bags for tree plantation or we can use them for our home decoration also.
- We have to use mostly the disposed products and have to avoid the non degradable materials which are harmful to us and environment also.
4.) Write notes.
a) Meteorology:
- The branch of science which deals with the study of earth’s atmosphere and mainly it focus on the weather process and forecasting is known as the meteorology.
- Weather forecasting is done on the basis of air pressure, temperature, winds etc because they are continuously varying with time.
- The study of storms, cyclones and rainfalls would be done in Meteorology.
- The predictions given by metrological department are helpful to people, farmers, industries and also to the organisations.
- Mathematical model and holistic models are used for determining the weather predictions.
b) Climate factors:
- Climate is that average condition which is expected at certain place over from many years. And hence it does not change continue for particular place.
- It is influencing our lives and our daily needs like clothing, food, shelter.
- The climate factors are those factors which affect the climate for some region. These factors may be direction and speed of wind, temperature, atmospheric pressure, rainfall, humidity etc.
- These climate factors plays a very important role in development of infrastructure like scrapers, bridges and airport runways.
c) Monsoon model:
- There are various Monsoon models are developed and in 1877 the first model is established for the prediction of snowfall in Himalayas. After that in 1930 Gilbert Walker established the relationship between Indian Monsoon and most of the worldwide climate factors.
- Finally, Vasantrao Givarikar developed the Monsoon model which is based on the 16 worldwide climate factors and it is in use from 1990 to 2002.
- In this way, various Monsoon models are developed for studying the changes and conditions in the weather by considering climate factors.
d) Industrial wastes:
- Industrial waste is developed due to the waste materials formed during the process of manufacturing which includes metals, chemicals, plastics.
- In creating pollution there is a huge role of industrial waste and causes water and air pollution.
- The poisoning fumes are directly released in the air from the industry which may directly attack on the respiratory system of human, animals and also birds.
- The industrial waste is mostly toxic which involves mercury, cadmium, lead and copper which may affect the food chain directly.
- And also the hazardous chemicals are directly released in the river water from the industry which may harm the aquatic animals and also human life.
e) Plastic waste:
- Now a days we see that the most occurring waste is the plastic wastes. Because we use Plastics for use and throw purpose. But we already know that plastic is non degradable.
- We are using day by day plastic materials which are not degradable by any kind of process and may remains as it is over a years and cause water pollution and land pollution also.
- To decrease the plastic pollution we have to use the materials made from papers or clothes.
- And we have to reuse the plastic so that it can’t produces any kind of pollution in environment.
- Sometimes plastic bags are eaten by animals along with food and this may remain as it is in their body which may cause the death of that animal. So it is necessary to reduce the use of plastics and we have to reuse it and finally we have to correctly dispose it.
f) Principal of first aid:
Following are the principal if first aid:
Airway:
- If there will be difficulty in breathing if victim then we have to make head in the backward sloping position or we have to raise the chin so that no obstacles will be their for respiratory passage.
Breathing:
- The victim should be given an artificial venting by mouth to mouth resuscitation when breathing will be stopped.
Circulation:
- When the victim is feeling unconscious then initially we have to give mouth to mouth respiration two times and then heart should be pressed down by pressing the chest with our both the palms.
- We have to repeat this process near about 15 times which is called as cardio- pulmonary resuscitation.
- And because of CPR the blood circulation will be comes back to normal.
Bleeding:
- When there will be bleeding from the wound of the victim then we have to cover the wound by antiseptic pad and we have to apply pressure on it for 5 minutes with our thumb or palm.
Fracture and impact on vertebrae:
- When there will be some bone is fractured then that part should be immobilized which can be done by wooden rods or rulers.
- If there will be an impact on the vertebral column then the victim should be kept immobile on the firm stretcher.
Burns:
- If there will be burn injuries to victims then that part should be keep under cold and clean water for minimum 10 minutes.
5.) Give examples of the importance of the climate in living world with explanations in your own words.
Ans:
- Climate is the weather condition which predicted over a area for long period of time.
- It helps in determining our needs like food, clothing, shelter and also the occupation.
- Like people living in cold areas would eat the food which gives them heat and maintain body temperature.
- While the people living in the warm region would eat the food which reduces their heat from body and keep normal body temperature.
- Hence it is very important to determine climate conditions for the living lifestyle also.
- Any harmful condition of climate may affect the people and also that region which get affected.
6.) Explain with suitable example, the care to be taken when using the method of transporting patients.
Ans:
- While transporting the patients we can use following methods.
- Carrying piggy back is the method used for transporting patients those are feeling unconscious.
- Cradle method is used for transporting children’s which are under weight victims.
- By pulling or lifting method we can carry the unconscious patient for short distance.
- Human crutch method is used when there will be one leg of patient is injured and hence some support is given to the leg.
- By carrying patients on two hand chair is the method used when patients hands are not working but their body may kept in upright position.
- Patients will be carried on four hand chair when the patient need support below his waist.
- For emergency stretchers can be used for transporting patients.
7.) Explain the differences.
a) Weather and climate:
Ans:
Weather:
- Weather is state or condition of atmosphere at a particular day and time.
- Weather forecasting is done daily on the basis of factors like air pressure, temperature, humidity etc.
Climate:
- Climate is the average condition which is expected at a certain place for over many years.
- It can be done over a long duration such as 30 years also. That means the climate of that region is decided by considering the average condition over 30 years.
b) Biodegradable waste and non biodegradable waste
Ans:
Biodegradable waste:
- Biodegradable wastes are those waste which may broken down into simpler form and which is not harmful by the organisms.
- Biodegradable wastes increases the productivity of soil and hence they are helpful for environment.
Non biodegradable wastes:
- Non biodegradable wastes cannot be broken down into simpler forms by the organisms and they are harmful to environment also.
- As they are non biodegradable they may cause the soil pollution, water pollution also.
- Like plastics, glasses electronic waste are the non biodegradable wastes which are very harmful to environment.
