Maharashtra Board Class 8 History Solution Chapter 3 – Effects of British rule
Balbharati Maharashtra Board Class 8 History Solution Chapter 3: Effects of British rule. Marathi or English Medium Students of Class 8 get here Effects of British rule full Exercise Solution.
Std | Maharashtra Class 8 |
Subject | History and Civics Solution |
Chapter | Effects of British rule |
EXERCISE SOLUTION
(1.) REWRITE THE STATEMENTS BY CHOOSING THE APPROPRIATE OPTIONS.
1.) Portugese, DUTCH,French, British participated in the competition of capturing Indian market.
2.) In 1802 Peshwa BAJIRAO II signed the subsidiary alliance with the british.
3.) Jamshedjee Tata started the manufacturing of steel industry established in JAMSHEDPUR.
(2.) EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING CONCEPTS:-
1.) CIVIL SERVICES:- Civil service is the permanent and rigid bodies of a country or state. Lord Cornawallis introduced bureaucracy. Civil service became an important part of British Government.Civil services include the governing and administration of the states crucial functions which are mostly decision making. It is responsible for solving the day to day issues of public and the common man. For the convenience of administration he divided the British occupied territories into districts. The district collector was responsible for collection of revenue. Due to this Britishers gained economic benefit but India started facing conomic exploitation.
2.) COMMERCIALISATION OF AGRICULTURE:- EARLIER WHAT farmers produce was only for their sustainability. Initially food grains were cultivated by the farmers. The British Government started giving more encouragement to cash crops like cotton, Indigo, tobacco, tea, etc. The processs of giving stress on cultivation of profit giving cash crops instead of food grains is known as Commercialisation of agriculture. Hence the crops and produce was cultivated by the peasants and the farmers . now it is used for sale in the market and not for their own livelihood.
3.) ECONOMIC POLICY OF BRITISH:- The main economic policy of the british government was land settlement and the zamindari system. So the Indian agriculture became vary obsolete and backward. All the produce was taken by the rulers of british india. Even though they ruled here. They never changes the basic Indian Economic system. ENgland was a modern nation. Due to industrial revolution capitalist economy prevailed. Hence they inculated an economic system in India. Due this Britishers gained economic benefit but India started facing economic exploitation.
(3.) EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS WITH REASONS:-
1.) FARMERS IN INDIA BECAME BANKRUPT.
ANS:- Farmers took a loan from the moneylender, and the as the middleman who exploited the farmers. The farmers had to sell their products at a low price to the merchants. They had to sell in whatever price it was demanded. The farmers had to mortgage their land when they could not pay their loan back to the moneylender. This led to a terrific cycle of taking more loans which eventually led to bankruptcy. In case of non repayment loan the farmer had to sell his land.
2.) THERE WAS DECLINE OF TRADITIONAL INDUSTRIES IN INDIA.
ANS:- The Indian traditional textiles industries had a decline because of the following reasons:-
(i) The products of India had a high demand in Europe so the british imports product in Europe.
(ii) The textiles industries were not allowed to flourish in india.
(iii) The british government obtained huge taxes on goods exported from India. Also the goods manufactured in England were machine made and hence there was a maximum production at minimum cost. To complete Eventually it led to closing down of traditional industries and many artisans became unemployed.
(4.) COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING TABLE-
LORD CORNWALLIS. |
He passed many reforms which helped the Indian workers, he raise the salaries of the employees , reduce the revenue, he recognized the judiciary and revised administration system in india. |
LORD WILLIAM BENTICK. | Passed Sati prohibition act. |
LORD DALHOUSIE. | Non regulation system and centralization of Indian territories as he wanted the consolidation of british india. Father of railway introduced by him in 1853 from Bombay to thane. |
WILLIAM JONES | Established Asiatic society of Bengal. |
More Questions and Answers:
1) Why British came to India?
- For trade purpose
- For marriage purpose
- For buying purpose
2) Who was the uncle of Peshwa Madhavrao?
- Ramarao
- Raghunathrao
- Krishna Rao
3) During which year the three wars were fought between Marathas and the British?
- 1775-1818
- 1818-1911
- 1774-1818
4) In which year did the treaty of Sarabhai was signed?
- 1782
- 1781
- 1785
5) Lord Wellesley came in India as
- Secretary
- Governor general
- Judge
6) Who introduced subsidiary alliance?
- Robert Clive
- John Robert
- Lord Wellesley
7) When did the subsidiary alliance treaty was signed?
- 1802
- 1803
- 1804
8) The subsidiary alliance was well known as
- Treaty of Varanasi
- Treaty of Vasai
- Treaty of Banaras
9) When did the Bajirao 2 surrendered to the British?
- 1818
- 1820
- 1830
10) The capital of mughals was under the control of
- Pratapsigh
- Daulatrao Shinde
- Bajirao
11) When Chhatrapati Pratapsingh was died?
- In1847
- In1850
- In1860
12) When did Lord Dalhousie annexed the state of
- In 1848
- In1850
- In1852
13) ‘Sabhaniti’ is a book on
- Polity
- Economics
- Geography
14) When did the ‘Sabhaniti’ was printed?
- In 1827
- In 1828
- In 1829
15) When did the dual government system introduced in Bengal?
- In 1760
- In 1765
- In1766
16) According to regulating act of 1773, the Bengal governor came to be known as
- The governor general
- The governor assistant
- The governor secretary
17) When did the Pitt’s India Act was passed?
- 1780
- 1784
- 1790
Very short question answer
1) How European power reached the Indian coast?
Due to geographical discoveries.
2) Who was already settled in India when British came?
Portuguese.
3) Name some countries which have competed with British to capture Indian market?
Dutch, Portuguese and France.
4) Name the city which was the main center of British in western India.
Mumbai.
5) Why were they not able to acquire the nearby territories of Mumbai?
Because Marathas had strong hold over it.
6) Why Raghunathrao approached for help?
Due to his greed for Peshwaship.
7) How many wars were fought between Marathas and British?
Three wars.
8) What happened in the first war ?
Marathas Unitedly fought and proved their superiority.
9) How Anglo Maratha war came to an end?
In 1789 with the help of Treaty of Saibai.
10) When did Lord Wellesley came in India as governor general?
- In 1798.
11) What was the objective of Lord Wellesley ?
To established the British domination all over India.
12) When did Bajirao II signed the subsidiary alliance treaty with British?
In 1802
13) Who was appointed as an officer to assist Chhatrapati Pratapsingh?
A.Grant Duff
14) What is Sabhaniti?
It is a book based on polity and in 1827 Chhatrapati Pratapsingh printed this book.
15) When did the Robert Clive introduced dual government?
In 1765
16) When did the Pitt’s India Act was passed?
In 1784
17) What were the new administrative systems which got evolved under British rule
With emergence of British rule, some of the new administrative systems like civil services, military police forces and judicial system were evolved.
18) Who introduced Bureaucracy in India?
Lord Cornwallis.
19) Which were the circumstances under which the farmer’s land were confiscated?
When the farmers were unable to make the payment for taxes on their land their land were confiscated.
20) Who used to exploit the farmers apart from Britishers?
Zamindars, money lenders and merchants.
21) What were the cash crops that was cultivated in British rule?
Cotton, Indigo ,Tobacco and tea.
22) Why the district collector was made the chief of district administration ?
District collector was responsible for the collection of revenue , giving justice, maintaining law and order .
23) How the district collector officers were appointed?
They were appointed through competition exams known as Indian Civil Service.
24) Who established “Code o“ law”?
Lord Macaulay set up a committee to create “Code of law” to establish new judicial laws.
25) What was the main source of income of the state?
Land revenue.
26) How the revenue were collected by Britishers?
Revenue was mainly collected in the form of grains.
27) What was the main reason behind introducing subsidiary alliance?
To took the freedom of rulers and made them dependent on British army for their protection.
29) What happened in second Anglo Maratha war?
After the victory of second Anglo Maratha war there was an increase interference of British in Marathas state.
30) What happened in this war?
Bajirao 2 was defeated in this war and later he surrendered to the British.
31) What Britisher did to Chhatrapati Pratapsingh?
They dethroned Chhatrapati .
32) What were the contribution of Chhatrapati Pratapsingh for the improventment of his state ?
He built water tanks , roads, school for girls and boys and set up printing press.
33) What were taught in the schools built by Pratapsingh?
English, Marathi and Sanskrit.
34) Why there was a need of bureaucrats?
To strengthen the British rule in India.
Short question answer
1) How British has established East India company?
Due to geographical discoveries Europeans has reached Indian coast , however there were other countries which also wanted to capture Indian market. There were Portuguese , Dutch and French while the Europeans tried to establish friendly relations with them , however to dominate the Indian market they had to face opposition from those countries.
2) Which incidents led to the entrance of British in Marathas politics?
British was trying to capture the surrounding territories of Mumbai but Marathas had strong hold over it . After the death of Peshwa Madhavrao , his uncle Raghunathrao approached Britishers for his greed of Peshwaship and this led to the entrance of British in Marathas politics.
3) How lord Wellesley tried to establish British dominance over India ?
When he came to India in 1798 he signed subsidiary alliance with many Indian rulers according to which they were assured of British military help, however there were some terms laid on them like they have to maintain British army in their court and also they need to pay cash to the company for their maintenance. Many rulers had to accept the treaty which has resulted in the lost of their freedom.
4) Describe Treaty of Vasai?
In 1802, Bajirao 2 signed the subsidiary alliance treaty which was known as treaty of Vasai.
5) Why did Bajirao-II fought against the Britishers?
After signing subsidiary alliance, there was war between Britishers and some Marathas Sardars. However after the victory of British there was extreme interference of British in their internal matters. Due to which Bajirao 2 waged war against them.
6) Write some of the work of Chhatrapati Pratapsingh?
Chhatrapati Pratapsingh was a good ruler. He made provision of water to the city by building water tanks of Yevteshwar temple and Mahadara in Satara. He built roads and schools for both boys and girls for teaching Sanskrit, Marathi and English.
7) Describe dual government?
In 1765 Robert Clive introduced dual government according to which the government would undertake the work of revenue collection whereas the Nawab of Bengal had to maintain law and order.
8) What changes were made after regulating act of 1773?
According to regulating act of 1773 the Bengal governor was made governor general. Lord Warren Hastings became the governor general and he got the right to control the politics of Mumbai and Madras provinces.
9) What was the importance of military and police forces in British rule?
The duty of military was to safeguard British occupied regions in India and to acquire new territories to break down any revolt against British in India. And police force was responsible for the maintenance of law and order in the country.
10) How the judiciary system has changes under the British rule?
In early times there was difference in judgement on the bases of castism. However under the leadership of Macaulay, a committee was set up to create the code of law which was enforced all over British India with British principal of equality before law.
11) How was the land revenue policy exploited the farmers ?
To increase income the Britishers made important changes in the revenue system. Land was major and as per the area of the land tax was fixed. It was compulsory to make the payment as per the fixation. If the farmer failed to pay tax in time, then the land would be confiscated and this is how the Britishers had exploited our farmers.
12) What were the consequences of new land revenue on farmers?
For making the payment on time Indian farmers setting the crops at whatever price it received the merchants and brokers started purchasing their goods at minimum rates. Many times they had mortgaged their land and they become bankrupt in case of repayment of loan after which they had one other option apart from selling their lands.
13) What was subsidiary alliance?
Subsidiary alliance was a system signed by Indian rulers where Indian rulers were assured to be helped by British military. In this system the Indian rulers had to maintain British army in his state by giving his territory or by paying cash to the company for its maintenance . The rulers would not allowed to do any alliance or declare any war without the intervention of the British. In this system the Indian state basically lost their freedom as they had no power left in their hand.
14) What were the ill effects of dual government system ?
Some of the I’ll effects of dual government system are-
- Money from the revenue went into the pockets of the company officers.
- The Monopoly of Trade in India was given to East India Company.
- Many trading company in England envied them.
- The East India company received criticism in England .
- British parliament introduced some important laws to keep control over company.
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