Maharashtra Board Class 7 Geography Solution Chapter 7 – Soils
Balbharati Maharashtra Board Class 7 Geography Solution Chapter 7: Soils. Marathi or English Medium Students of Class 7 get here Soils full Exercise Solution.
Std | Maharashtra Class 7 |
Subject | Geography Solution |
Chapter | Soils |
(Q1) Complete the following table.
Hector/Process | Role in the formation of soils |
Parent Rock | Depending on the hardness of the rack and the climate of the region, the rock gets weathered. The rock turns into powdery material which further turns into earth material. |
Regional Climate | The process of rock weathering depends on the climate of the region. The climate decides the intensity of weathering. That is why one and the same type of rock gives rise to different type of soils when the rock is exposed to different climate. |
Organic material | Certain organisms’ help decompose the dead remains of organic material. The process of decomposition by living organisms takes place continuously. Production to compost needs sufficient period of time and elements like organic waste, water, heat etc. |
Microorganisms | Microorganisms help decompose the dead remains f organic materials. The biotic material thus produced gets mixed into the soils and is called ‘humus’. If the proportion humus is the soil is greater, the soils become fertile. |
(Q2) Why do the following occurs?
(1) To the west of Sahyadris, laterite soils are formed from basolt rock.
Ans: – Due to the humid climate to the west of sahyadris, laterite soils are formed from basalt rocks.
(2) Humus content in the soil increases.
Ans: – Microorganisms and certain other organisms help decompose the dead remains of organic materials. The biotic material thus produced gets mixed into the soils and is called ‘humus’. By going through the above process humus content in the soil increases.
(3) Soil formation process is faster in the equatorial climate?
Ans: – Due to the high rainfall and higher temperatures, soil formation process is faster in the equatorial climate.
(4) The salinity of the soil increases.
Ans: – Excessive irrigation draws the salts from the soil upwards and makes the soil saline. Thus the salinity of the soil increases.
(5) Rice is the staple diet of the people from konkan.
Ans: – As the soils of Konkan are suitable for producing rice and the local agriculture produce determines the staple agriculture diet of the people, so rice is the staple diet of the people from Konkan.
(6) Soil erosion.
Ans: – A layer of soils gets removed due to wind or water. This means that the soil gets eroded. Running water, climate and diversity in physiographic are reasons of soil erosion.
(7) Soil degradation.
Ans: – The excessive spraying of chemicals and use of chemicals fertilizers lead to soil degradation.
(Q3) Give information on.
(1) Measures of soil conservation.
Ans: – Measure of soil conservation includes the works like construction of embankments and planting trees on the, construction of gulley plugs against the steep slopes etc. Planting trees reducing the erosion of soil by wind. The plant roots erosion. Under soil conservation, the continuous contour trenches (CCTS) are constructed along, the slopes. Construction of such trenches at different heights checks the velocity of water running along the slopes and hence reduces soil erosion.
(2) Organic manures:
Ans: – The biotic materials come from the decomposition of the remains of the plants and animals of the region. The vegetal litters, roots of plants, remains of animals etc. Get decomposed due to water Microorganisms and certain other organisms help decompose the dead remains of organin materials. The biotic material thus produced gets mixed into the soils and is called ‘humus’. If the proportion of humus in the soil is greater, the soil becomes fertile.
(3) Place where you will get the information about the suitability of a soil for a particular crop.
Ans: – Place where we will get the information about the suitability of a soil for a particular crop can be self-reliant as far as food production is concerned. Hence, human settlements get concentrated, in such areas.
(4) Important of soils for plants growth:
Ans: – An important component of the living world on the earth is ‘plants’. For the production and growth of plants, soil is indispensable. They provide support to plants. Vegetation is abundant in the regions that have fertile soils, e.g., in deserts. And where there is a shortage of soils, vegetation is not seen, e.g., in the polar areas. So, we can say that the soil for plant growth is very important.
(Q4) Complete the following table with reference to soil.
Action | Effect | Result (w.r.t.fertility) |
Construction of embankments | Soil conservation | Reducing the erosion of soil |
Wind speed decreased | ||
Farm land is kept fallow for some period | Soil conservation | Retain the erosion of soil |
Microorganisms and certain other organisms help decompose the dead remain of organic materials | Humus content increased. | Soils become fertile |
Trenches are dug across a slope. | Checks the velocity of water running along the slope. | Reduce soil erosion. |
Litter is burnt in the farm. | Increased decomposition rate | Soils become fertile |
The interactions between biotic and a biotic the salts from the soil upwards | Proves favourable for micro organisms | Increase the fertility of the soil |
Excessive irrigation draws the salts from the soil upwards | Salt content in the soil increases | Soil becomes unproductive |
Chemical fertilizers used excessively | Become a threat to the existence of microorganism in the soil | Lowering of Humus content in the soil. |
Extra Questions and Answers Notes
1.) What is regur ?
A:- The deccan plateau of india is also composed of basalt rock. As a result of climate change this basalt is eroded and froms a kind of black soil, its called regur.
2.) What is humus ?
A:- Humus is the organic matter of the soil, Which is formed by the decomposition of leaves and other plant material by soil microorganisms.
3.) The soil will be fertile when there is more ________________ humus in the soil.
A:- Humus
4.) The soil of Maharashtra can be divided into how many parts? Write what you know about them ?
A:- The soil of Maharashtra can be divided into 5 parts on the basis of soil color soil texture soil formation method etc. They are –
Coarse soil : Course soil is usually caused by weathering and low rainfall. This soil is usually found on the tops of the western ghats. Very little humus is seen in this soil.
Regur or Black soil : This soil is usually found in the alluvial plains and valley where there is moderate rainfall. These soils are of two types. Black soil is found to the west of the deccan plateau. Medium black soils are seen to the east. Although this soil is black, the amount of organic matter in this soil is very low.
Laterite soil : Such soils are found from the Kankan coast to the west of the sahyadris and to the east of vidarbha. Heavy rainfall in these areas result im massive erosion of rocks. As a result the parent rock is exposed. The iron in these rocks reacts chemically with the oxygen in the air. As a result reddish color is formed in this soil.
Alluvial soil of the coastal strip: Most of the rivers on the konkan coast are small and fast flowing, so they carry alluvium and accumulate at the mouyh of the river. This soil is found in the mouths of rivers on the west coast.
Yellow brown soil : This soil is found in high rainfall areas. This soil is not very fertile. That is why they are not used in agriculture. They are mainly found in Chandrapur, eastern part of Bhandara and parts of Sahyadri mountains.
5.) Write notes about soil erosion and soil degradation.
A:- If the soil layer is eroded by wind and water then it is called soil erosion. The diversity of running water climate topography causes soil erosion. Some of the causes of soil erosion are –
Under the pressure of over population deforestation is taking place in need of agricultural work which directly results in soil erosion.
If the slope is steep in any area the surface effect of rain water causes soil erosion.
Soil erosion depends on the physical and chemical properties of the rock.
If for any reason the quality of soil decreases then it is called degradation of soil. The cause of soil degradation are –
Excessive irrigation causes soil salts to dissolve with water and rise to the surface resulting in saline soils.
Excessive use of chemicals reduces the quality of the soil resulting in soil degradation.
Variations in soil pH indicate soil degradation.
6.) Write some methods of soil conservation.
A:- The primary purpose of soil conservation is to prevent soil erosion , restore fertile energy and increase soil efficiency. Soils conservation methods are –
- Plenty of normal plants should be planted to prevent soil erosion by wind.
- Small trenches should be constructed parallel to the contour
- A small amount of chemical fertilizer should be used in the soil to prevent soil erosion.
- The incorporation of organic manure into the soil strengthens the soil structure and helps reduce soil erosion.
7.) What is Geographic information (GI)?
A:- A geographical indication is a mark that is used on specific crops that are grown in specific soils and specific geographical areas.
This is a helpful site to study thanks
It’s too good helped Soo much
It is very good
It is very nice