Maharashtra Board Class 6 History Chapter 10 Ancient India Cultural Solution

Maharashtra Board Class 6 History Solution Chapter 10 – Ancient India Cultural

Balbharati Maharashtra Board Class 6 History Solution Chapter 10: Ancient India Cultural. Marathi or English Medium Students of Class 6 get here Ancient India Cultural  full Exercise Solution.

Std Maharashtra Class 6
Subject History and Civics Solution
Chapter Ancient India Cultural

(1.) (1) Make a list of ancient Indian universities.

Ans. There were many famous centres of education in ancient Indian like Takshashila University, Nalanda University, Vikramshila University, Valabhi, Varanshi.

(2) Make a list of the Indian goods that were in demand in foreign countries.

Ans. Indian goods like fine textiles, ivory, precious stones, spices, beautifully made earthern pottery were in great demand in foreign country.

(2.) Epics and poetic compositions of ancient India.

Ans. ‘Ramayana’ and ‘Mahabharata’ are the ‘Arsha’ epics of ancient India. The art, literature, etc produced in such period is said to be ‘classical’ ‘Raghuvansha’ and ‘Kumarsambhava’ by Kalidasa. ‘Kiratarjuniya’ by Bharvi and ‘Shishupalvadh’ by Magha are well-known compositions of the ancient India.

(3) (1) Valmiki

(2) Ayurveda

(3) Nalanda University.

(4.) (1) Explain what is meant by ‘Tipitaka’.

Ans. Tipitaka has three pitakas or parts, The word Pitaka means a basket or collections. Here, it means a section. The Tipitika is written in Pali and consists of three categories of texts.

(2) What is the the message of the Bhagvad Gita?

Ans. The Bhagvad Gita tells us that each one of us should do our duty without expecting rewards. It also says that the path of devotion to God is open to all.

(3) What aspects does Ayurveda take into account ?

Ans. Ayurveda has a very old tradition. It seeks to understand the symptoms of an illness, its diagnosis and treatment. Also much thought has been given to prevention of illness,.

(4) What is meant by Sangham Literature?

Ans. ‘Sangham’ means a gathering of learned men. The literature compiled in such gathering is known as ‘Sangham literature’.

(5.) Art and architecture of the Maurya and Gupta period.

Ans. Indian architecture reached its peak during the Maurya and the Gupta periods. The stupa at Sanchi and cave sculptures show that the same tradition advanced even further. The art of making images was developed during the Gupta period.

 

More Extra Question – 

 

Multiple choice questions: (marks:1)

 

1.) Assertion (A): The most ancient Tamil literature is known as ‘sangham literature’.

Reason (R): ‘sangham’ means gathering of learned men. The literature compiled in such gatherings is known as ‘sangham’ literature.

a.) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

b.) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

c.) A is true but R is false.

d.) R is true but A is false.

Ans: Both A and R is true and R is the correct explanation of A.

 

2.) Patanjali wrote:

A.) Ashtadhyayi

B.) Mahabhashya

C.) Upanishad

Ans: Mahabhashya.

 

3.) Bharavi wrote:

A.) Kumarasambhava

B.) Raghuvansham

C.) Kiratarjuniya

Ans: kiratarjuniya.

 

4.) ‘Panchatantra’ was composed by:

A.) Pandit Vishnu Sharma

B.) Gunadhya

C.) Kalidasa

Ans: pandit Vishnu Sharma.

 

5.) Gunadhya wrote:

A.) Panchatantra

B.) Brihatkatha

C.) Mahabhashya

Ans: Brihatkatha.

 

6.) ‘Rasaratnakara’ written by:

A.) Nagarjuna

B.) Charak

C.) Vagbhata

Ans: Nagarjuna.

 

Answer the following questions: (marks:1)

 

1.) In ancient India, the literature was produced in which language?

Ans: The literature was produced in the Sanskrit,Ardhamagadhi,Pali and Tamil languages.

 

2.) Write down the names of some religious texts of ancient India?

Ans: The important religious texts include Agam Granth, Tripitaka and Bhagwad Geeta.

 

3.) ‘Ashtadhyayi’ was written by whom?

Ans: Ashtadhyayi was written by Panini.

 

4.) ‘Ramayana’ and ‘Mahabharata’ were written by whom?

Ans: Ramayana was written by Rishi Valmiki and Mahabharata was written by sage Vyas.

 

5.) What are called the ‘Arsha’ epics of ancient India?

Ans: Ramayana and Mahabharata are called two ‘Arsha’ epics of India. Arsha means
composed by the Rishi or sages.

 

6.) What are the famous literary works of kalidasa in Sanskrit?

Ans: ‘Raghuvamsa’ and ‘Kumarsanbhava’ are the famous literary works of kalidasa.

 

7.) What is Ayurveda?

Ans: Indian medical science is known as ayurveda.

 

8.) What is ‘Charak samhita’?

Ans: Charak samhita was written by charak. It contains information about clinical diagnosis and pharmacy.

 

9.) What were the medical science books written by vagbhata?

Ans: ‘ Ashtanga sangraha’ and ‘ Ashtanga hridaya samhita’ were the books written by
vagbhata.

 

10.) ‘ Aryabhatiya’ was written by whom?

Ans: ‘Aryabhatiya’ was written by Aryabhata.

 

11.) What is the famous book written by Varahamihira on astronomy?

Ans: ‘Panchasiddhantika’ was the famous book written by varahamihira.

 

Answer the following questions: (marks:2/3)

 

1.) What is ‘sangam literature ‘?

Ans: Sangham literature is the most ancient literature in Tamil. ‘Sangam’ means gathering of learned men. The literature composed in such gatherings is known as ‘Sangam Literature’.From Sangam literature, we learn about the political and social life in South India during the period.

 

2.) Who was Adi Shankaracharya?

Ans: Adi Shankaracharya lived during the eighth century CE. He emphasised knowledge and renunciation. He wrote commentaries explaining the ‘Upanishads’, ‘Brahma Sutras’ and the ‘Bhagavad Gita’. He established four mathas in four directions of India at Badrinath, Dwarka, Jagannath Puri and Sringeri.

 

3.) What do you know about ‘Arthashastra’?

Ans: Kautilya wrote Arthashastra. It consists of detailed discussions of administrative matters such as the duties of a king, criteria for selecting a minister, systems of defence, types of forts, the formation of an army, plans for espionage, organization of the treasury and other offices, judicial system, investigation of theft, types of punishment, etc.

 

4.) What do you know about the Prakrit language? What were literary works done by this language?

Ans: The word ‘prakrit’ is derived from a word meaning ‘natural’. The prakrit languages were languages in daily use of the people. They can be divided into four groups: Paishachi, Shauraseni, Magadhi and Maharashtri languages. ‘Samadhi Sutta’ by Siddhasen Diwakar, ‘Paumchariya’, by VimalSuri, Haribhadrasuri’s ‘Samaraichchakaha’ and Udyotansuri’s ‘Kuvalayamala Kaha’ are well known works in prakrit language.

 

5.) What are the literary works of the ancient period written in classical Sanskrit?

Ans: Raghuvansha’ and ‘Kumarsambhava’ by Kalidasa, ‘Kiratarjuniya’ by Bharavi and ‘Shishupal Vadh’ by Magha are well-known Literary works of the ancient period written
in classical Sanskrit.

 

6.) What is known as Theatre?

Ans: India has an ancient tradition of telling a story through songs, music and dance. When these arts are presented with supporting dialogues, they are known as theatre. Among the ancient Sanskrit plays, ‘Swapnavasavadattam’ by Bhasa, ‘Abhijnana Shakuntalam’ by Kalidasa, etc. are famous.

 

7.) What do you know about ‘ Sushruta samhita’?

Ans: Sushruta samhita was written by the famous surgeon Sushruta. It gives us information about the diagnosis of different ailments and their remedies, different causes leading to injuries,fractures and their types and the various types of surgeries required for them. The text was translated into the Arabic language and was called ‘ Kitaab e Susud’.

 

8.) What is the main topic discussed in the book ‘Vaisheshik Darshan’?

Ans: ‘Vaisheshik Darshan’ was written by kanad. It mainly discusses anu and paramanu. According to Kanad, the universe is full of innumerable objects. These objects are nothing but the different forms of ‘anu’s. These forms might change but the anu remains unchanged.

 

9.) Briefly write about the contribution of Indians in mathematics and astronomy?

Ans: The ancient Indians had studied Mathematics and Astronomy at great depth.

  • Indians were the first to use the numerals 1 to 9 and zero.
  • Indians invented the concept of decimal system in which the value of a digit changes according to its place ekam, daham, (units, tens) etc.
  • The scientist Aryabhata wrote the book ‘Aryabhatiya’, which included many formulae for mathematical operations. Aryabhata was also an astronomer. He stated that the earth revolves around the sun.
  • Varahmihir wrote the famous text ‘Panchasiddhantika’ in the sixth century AD. This
    text discusses principles of Indian astronomy along with the principles of astronomy from the Greek, Roman and Egyptian civilizations.
  • Brahmagupta was a mathematician who lived in the seventh century CE, his texts
    were translated into the Arabic language.

 

10.) Write down the examples of architecture of ancient India?

Ans: Indian architecture reached its peak during the Maurya and the Gupta periods.
The stone pillars erected by Emperor Ashoka at various places are excellent examples of Indian sculpture. The stupa at Sanchi and cave sculptures at Udayagiri, Khandagiri, Karla, Nashik, Ajanta, Ellora, etc. are also examples of ancient architecture.

 

Answer the following questions:(marks:5)

 

1.) What is ‘ Tripitaka ‘? Discuss about it? (1+4=5)

Ans: The Tripitaka is a collection of Buddhist teachings that are the foundation of Buddhist philosophy.

∆ Tripitaka has three pitakas or parts. The word pitaka means a basket or collections. Here, it means a section. The Tipitaka is written in Pali. It consists of three categories of texts:

A.) Sutta Pitaka : It includes the texts of Gautama Buddha’s teachings. They are called suktas.

B.) Vinay Pitaka : The word Vinayhere means ‘rules’. The Vinay Pitaka gives the rules of behaviour which bhikkhus and bhikkhunis in the Bauddha Sangha should follow in their daily lives.

C.) Abhidhamma Pitaka : In this, Buddhisttheories have been explained. A well known text titled ‘Attakatha’ explainsTripitakas .They are written in the Pali language.

 

2.) What were the centres of education in ancient India?

Ans: There were many famous centres of education in ancient India. Students from other countries also came there for their studies

  • Takshashila University – Takshashila was an important city on the ancient Indian trade route. At present it is in Pakistan. Archaeological evidence found that the city was established in the sixth century BCE. By the fourth century BCE, the fame of the university had spread far and wide. Chandragupta Maurya the founder of the Maurya Empire was educated at this university. The grammarian Panini and the vaidya Charaka were also students of Takshashila University. The Greek historians who accompanied Alexander have also given a description of the university. They have stated that such a university did not exist anywhere in Greece. The famous Chinese Buddha bhikkhu, Fa Hien who came to India around 400 CE also visited the Takshashila University. The university provided education in various subjects such as Vedic literature, Buddhist philosophy, economics, logic, etc
  • Varanasi : The river Ganga has two tributaries. They are Varana and Asi. The city located between them came to be called Varanasi. Since ancient times, it has had centres which provided education in the areas of Vedic as well as Jain and Buddhist philosophy.
  • Valabhi : Valabhi was an ancient city in Saurashtra, Gujarat. From the fifth to the eighth century CE, it was an important centre of Jain and Buddhist philosophy.
  • Nalanda University : The remains of the ancient Nalanda University can be found near today’s Patna city in Bihar. Emperor Harshavardhan made generous donations to this university. According to the descriptions of Yuan Chwang and I Tsing, Nalanda University could accommodate thousands of students. The library stocked thousands of books.
  • Vikramshila University : This university was located near today’s Bhagalpur in Bihar. It was established by a king named Dharmapal in the eighth century CE. It had six viharas, each having its own separate entrance.
  • Kanchi : During the reign of the Pallava dynasty , Kanchi in Tamil Nadu, risen as an important centre of education. It was a centre for the teaching and learning of Vedic, Jain and Buddhist texts.

 

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Updated: July 1, 2022 — 3:39 pm

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