Maharashtra Board Class 11 Political Science Solution Chapter 9 – The world since 1945 – I
Balbharati Maharashtra Board Class 11 Political Science Solution Chapter 9: The world since 1945 – I. Marathi or English Medium Students of Class 11 get here The world since 1945 – I full Exercise Solution.
Std |
Maharashtra Class 11 |
Subject |
Political Science |
Chapter |
9 |
Chapter name |
The world since 1945 – I |
1.) (A) Choose the correct alternative and complete the following statements.
1.) In 1949, China became a communist country under the leadership of …………………
(Krushchev, Mao Zedong, Joseph Stalin, Ho Chi Minh)
Answer – In 1949, China became a communist country under the leadership of Mao Zedong
2.) The principle of peaceful co-existence was put forth by …………………
(Eisenhower, Joseph Stalin, Khrushchev, Jawaharlal Nehru)
Answer – The principle of peaceful co-existence was put forth by Khrushchev
(B) State the appropriate concept for the given statement.
1.) Period of dominance of European powers.
Answer – Eurocentric. The world had been described as ‘Eurocentric’ because of the dominant position enjoyed by the main European powers in the 19th and the early 20th century. The Second World War had seen the defeat of the major European powers including Germany, France and Italy. United Kingdom witnessed severe devastation. On the other hand, the United States and Soviet Union emerged as new powers.
2.) Conflict between America and Soviet Union.
Answer – Cold War. The division of Europe between East and West Europe led to tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union. It is this confrontation between United States and Soviet Union in Europe that gave rise to the Cold War. The term cold war has been used to describe the nature of relations between the United States and the Soviet Union.
(C) Find the odd word in the given set.
1.) Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, France
Answer – The odd nation in the above set is France. This is because after the end of the Second World War, Hungary, Romania , Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, East Germany were under the Soviet influence, where as France was under the influence of United States along with Netherlands, Denmark, West Germany, Greece, Italy and Spain.
2.) Italy, Poland, Spain, Greece
Answer – Poland is the odd country in the set. Poland was under influence of the Soviets, where as all other countries (viz. Italy, Spain and Greece) were under the influence of the United States after the Second World War.
Q.2.) Complete the following concept map.
(B) Observe the given map and answer the following questions.
See map of Division of Europe after World War II.
(i) Name two East European countries under the influence of Soviet Union.
Answer – Hungary and Romania were two East European countries under the influence of Soviet Union.
(ii) Name two West European countries under the influence of United States.
Answer – Spain and France are two West European countries under the influence of United States.
The world since 1945 – I Solution
3.) State whether the following statements are true or false with reasons.
1.) After the Bolshevik Revolution, Soviet Russia became a capitalist nation.
Answer – False. The Bolshevik revolution of 1917 had brought in a new factor in international relations: role of ideology. The revolution created the Soviet Union as a Socialist State. The East European states that were under the influence of the Soviet Union adopted the socialist ideology. The West European states that were under the American influence adopted the capitalist ideology. Now the division of Europe had a new dimension, that of ideology.
2.) The Bandung Conference brought cold war in Asia.
Answer – True. The first Afro Asian Conference was held at Bandung, Indonesia in the Year 1955. This was the first Afro-Asian conference that sought to broad base the concept of regionalism to include the countries of Africa. The conference had 24 participating countries besides the sponsoring countries, namely Burma (now, Myanmar), Ceylon (now, Sri Lanka), India, Indonesia and Pakistan. The main purposes of the conference were:
(i) To promote goodwill and cooperation
(ii) To consider social, economic and cultural problems and problems of special interest to Asian and African people.
(iii) To view the position of Asia and Africa in the world today and the contribution they can make to world peace.
(iv)The Bandung Conference was a historic event. It tried to spread the concept of regionalism to Asia and Africa.
4.) Answer the following.
1.) Explain the term regionalism.
Answer – Regional organisations are created by countries from a particular geographic region. They form groups to promote their national interest in a cooperative manner. They try to establish their independent identity. This process of regional level cooperation is also called regionalism. While geographic linkages are important, sometimes some functional issues become the basis of regional cooperation. These can be in areas like transport and communication, energy, health, etc. The process of regionalism usually begins with a political dialogue amongst the participants. Such a dialogue may lead to the creation of an organisation. Organisations like the European Union (EU), Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) or South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) are examples of such regional groupings.
The world since 1945 – I Solution
2.) Discuss the role of United Nations.
Answer – The name ‘United Nations’ was coined by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt. It was first used in the Declaration by United Nations of 1 January 1942, during the Second World War. In 1945, representatives of 50 countries met in San Francisco at the United Nations Conference on International Organisation to draw up the United Nations Charter. India was a founding member of the United Nations. It joined the UN in October 1945. The objective was to use international organisations as a means to establish peace and security. The UN was to substitute the League of Nations as an international organisation.
Role of the United Nations
(i) Maintain International Peace and Security : The United Nations came into being in 1945 with one central mission: the maintenance of international peace and security. The UN does this by working to prevent conflict; helping parties in conflict make peace; peacekeeping; and creating the conditions to allow peace to hold and flourish.
(ii) Protect Human Rights : The promotion and protection of human rights is a key purpose and guiding principle of the UN. In 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was created.
(iii) Deliver Humanitarian Aid : One of the purposes of the United Nations is “to achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural or humanitarian character.” The international community relies on the UN to coordinate humanitarian relief operations in times of natural and man-made disasters.
(iv) Promote Sustainable Development : The global understanding of development has changed over the years. The UN seeks to promote sustainable development, that is, development that promotes prosperity and economic opportunity, greater social well-being, and protection of the environment.
(v) Uphold International Law : The development of and respect for international law has been a key part of the work of the Organisation. This work is carried out in many ways – by courts, tribunals, multilateral treaties and by the Security Council.
5.) Answer the following in detail with reference to the given points.
1.) Elaborate the dimensions of Cold War.
(a) Political
Answer – The division of Europe between East and West Europe led to tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union. It is this confrontation between United States and Soviet Union in Europe that gave rise to the Cold War. The term cold war has been used to describe the nature of relations between the United States and the Soviet Union. This confrontation had several dimensions:
Political : One was the aspect of struggle for political influence over the areas under the control of the two countries. Areas under Soviet influence included East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Albania. Areas under United States influence included Netherlands, Denmark, Belgium, West Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Greece and United Kingdom. Finland was forced to opt for neutrality to ensure that both the United States and the Soviet Union did not clash in the region.
(b) Ideological
Answer – Eastern Europe adopted socialist ideology under the influence of the Soviet Union and followed a socialist form of government. Western Europe adopted capitalist ideology under the leadership of the United States. These countries had democratic governments.
(c) Economic
Answer – East European countries with socialist governments followed the socialist economic system. This meant that the government or the public sector would play a dominant role in the economic system. West European countries that followed the democratic system of government had a capitalist form of economy. Here the private sector played a dominant role in the economic system.
(d) Security
Answer – Military alliances were created in Europe to protect these countries. The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) was created in 1949 as a military alliance to defend West European countries and the United States from the threat of invasion from the Soviet Union and East Europe. Warsaw Pact was created in 1955 to defend East European countries and the Soviet Union from the threat from Western Europe and the United States.
While there was no actual war between the United States and the Soviet Union, there existed a continuous state of tension between the two countries. The term cold war is used to describe this situation: a state of tension but no actual war. Thus, the two adversaries were preparing for a possible war that did not take place.
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