Maharashtra Board Class 11 Political Science Solution Chapter 8 – Development Administration
Balbharati Maharashtra Board Class 11 Political Science Solution Chapter 8: Development Administration. Marathi or English Medium Students of Class 11 get here Development Administration full Exercise Solution.
Std |
Maharashtra Class 11 |
Subject |
Political Science |
Chapter |
8 |
Chapter name |
Development Administration |
1.) State the appropriate concept for the given statement.
1.) State that promotes economic and social well being of its citizens –
Answer – Welfare State. A welfare state is when the State plays a key role in the promotion of economic and social wellbeing of its citizens. Such a state usually takes care of the basic needs of its citizens like food, shelter, clothing, education and health.
2.) Unnecessary delays in administrative work is called –
Answer – Red Tape. In government administration when official rules and procedures create unnecessary delays in the work it is called ‘red tape’.
Q.2.) Complete the following concept map.
3.) State whether the following statements are true or false with reasons.
1.) Change and growth oriented approach is called Development Administration.
Answer – True. The traditional approach to public administration has been bound by rules and hierarchy. While this approach is not wrong, sometimes it creates delays and obstacles that are generally called ‘red tape’. It is necessary to have innovation in planning to create a better society. This approach that is change and growth oriented is called Development Administration.
2.) In post-independent India, government deliberately invested in public sector.
Answer – True. In post-independent India, fighting poverty, hunger and economic backwardness was the biggest challenge before the government. Hence, the government did not only focus on traditional sector of economy i.e. agriculture but deliberately chose to develop industries, dams and hydroelectric projects with public sector investment. These projects were referred to as Temples of Modern India by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.
3.) The 73rd amendment act gave constitutional status to municipalities.
Answer – False. The 73rd Amendment Act of 1992 gave constitutional status to the panchayati raj institutions. The act is a significant landmark in the evolution of grassroot democratic institutions in the country.
The 74th Amendment Act of 1992 gave constitutional status to the municipalities. The act aims at strengthening the urban governments so that they function effectively as units of local government.
4.) Explain the co-relation between the following.
Citizen participation and Development
Answer – Development being a process of social and economic change, it is important that people participate actively in it. If the process of development is cut off from the grassroots then it eventually fails to materialise the objectives it has set. This necessitates peoples’ participation in the process of planning, implementation and its eventual evaluation. In a diverse society like India people’s participation is necessary. In India the needs, requirements and choices of people may vary vastly according to regions. Indian government had introduced a Community Development Programme in 1952 followed by National Extension Service in 1953. The focus was to promote development in the rural and remote areas. The experience of these programmes helped the government to focus on rural India. The purpose of participation of the rural and urban people was sought through the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Act.
5.) Answer the following.
1.) Discuss any 4 areas of study in traditional public administration.
Answer – The traditional approach to public administration has been bound by rules and hierarchy. While this approach is not wrong, sometimes it creates delays and obstacles that are generally called ‘red tape’. It is necessary to have innovation in planning to create a better society. This approach that is change and growth oriented is called Development Administration.
In order to understand the changes that Development Administration has brought in, it is necessary to understand traditional public administration. Traditionally, the study of public administration would cover the following main areas:
(i) Organisation of the governmental machinery: This would include the structure, various departments, ministries and related organisations of the government. (Examples: The structure of the ministry that includes the Secretaries and other officials; various boards and commissions like the UPSC, Election Commission, etc.)
(ii) Management of different tasks: The focus is on the leadership, planning and coordination between various departments. (Examples: the National Institution for Transforming India (NITI Aayog).
(iii) Personnel Administration: This refers to the recruitment process, the training, and other related activities. (Example: How recruitment is done in India through UPSC or State Civil Service Commissions, the training facilities, issues dealing with promotion, salary, pensions, etc.)
(iv) Financial Administration: The focus here is on the process of making the budget, financial committees of the Parliament and audit. (Example: How the Parliament controls the expenditure, committees like the Public Accounts Committee, Estimates Committee, etc.)
(v) Administrative law: On the basis of the laws passed by the Parliament rules are framed. There are also tribunals for resolving disputes. (Example: Tribunals like the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal)
The above mentioned traditional functions of public administration are important functions in developing countries. However, the developing countries have some unique problems of development. They are post-colonial countries. They are trying to create their own independent approach to development. Such an approach is based on aspects of economic and social justice and political modernisation. It also requires the adaptation of new technologies. Therefore it is necessary to make changes in the traditional approaches to public administration. This type of administration is focused more on setting development goals and achieving them through the medium of administration.
In developing countries like India approach to Public Administration and Public Policy has also undergone some changes. The focus is on issues of development. The framework used for this is called ‘Development Administration’.
Development Administration focuses on the socio-political and socio-economic development of the country. Its stress is on the projects, programmes and policies that are aimed at securing the objectives of development. Development Administration has mainly two important aspects:
(i) Administration of Development: The first task is of setting goals of development. The second is to try to achieve them.
(ii) Development of Administration: The existing system of administration needs to be improved so as to be able to achieve the goals of development.
2.) Write in brief about NITI Aayog.
Answer – The Planning Commission was developed as an apex planning body. India after independence also adopted the tool of Five Year planning which identified short term and long term goals of development. The Five Year Plans have focussed on various issues including agriculture; irrigation; power projects; industrialisation; removal of poverty; food production; nutrition; social security; etc. In the 1990s India adopted the new economic policy that focused on economic liberalisation. In this new setup there was a need to change the approach to planning.
In 2014 the Planning Commission was replaced by the NITI Aayog. India moved away from centralised planning to a decentralised planning. The NITI Aayog proposes grassroot planning where in the planning should be built right from the village, block and district levels and these should be harmonised with planning at the state level. National planning should be the consolidation of state-level plans along with the planning infrastructure and service requirements for the country as a whole worked out at the union level.
6.) Express your opinion of the following.
Citizen participation is necessary in development administration.
Answer – Development being a process of social and economic change, it is important that people participate actively in it. If the process of development is cut off from the grassroots then it eventually fails to materialise the objectives it has set. This necessitates peoples’ participation in the process of planning, implementation and its eventual evaluation. In a diverse society like India people’s participation is necessary. In India the needs, requirements and choices of people may vary vastly according to regions. Indian government had introduced a Community Development Programme in 1952 followed by National Extension Service in 1953. The focus was to promote development in the rural and remote areas. The experience of these programmes helped the government to focus on rural India. The purpose of participation of the rural and urban people was sought through the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Act.
The 73rd & 74th Amendment of the Indian Constitution is rightly aimed at increasing the Citizen participation in development administration.
The 73rd Amendment Act of 1992 gave constitutional status to the panchayati raj institutions. The act is a significant landmark in the evolution of grassroot democratic institutions in the country.
The 74th Amendment Act of 1992 gave constitutional status to the municipalities. The act aims at strengthening the urban governments so that they function effectively as units of local government.
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