Maharashtra Board Class 11 History Chapter 4 Vedic Period Solution

Maharashtra Board Class 11 History Solution Chapter 4 – Vedic Period

Balbharati Maharashtra Board Class 11 History Solution Chapter 4: Vedic Period. Marathi or English Medium Students of Class 11 get here Vedic Period full Exercise Solution.

Std

Maharashtra Class 11
Subject

History

Chapter

11
Chapter Name

Vedic Period

Q1. (A) Choose the correct alternative and write the complete sentences.

(1) The importance of agriculture is clearly emphasised in the………………. mandala of the Rigveda.

(a) 4th                          (b) 10th                                    (c) 8th                          (d) 6th

Answer  – The importance of agriculture is clearly emphasised in the..(b)10th…….. mandala of the Rigveda

(2) A potter is mentioned as an artisan in the …………………..for the first time.

(a) Rigveda                                                   (b) Yajurveda

(c) Samaveda                                               (d) Atharvveda

Answer – A potter is mentioned as an artisan in the  (b) Yajurveda. for the first time

(3) The god who protected the animals was known as ……………..

(a) Indra                                                         (b) Pushan

(c) Ashwin                                                     (d) Varun

Answer  – The god who protected the animals was known as (b) Pushan

(B) Find the incorrect pair from set B and write the correct ones.

Set ‘A’                                                Set ‘B’

(1) Nishka                                          Gold ornament

(2) Barley                                           Main crop of the Vedic people

(3) Krishtya                                        The apparatus of drawing water from the well

(4) Navya                                           river transport

Answer – The incorrect pair is (3) Krishtya – The apparatus of drawing water from the well.

The correct pair would be

Set ‘A’                                                Set ‘B’

(3) Krishtya                                        Tribal settlements and Vedic people residing there

(C) Write the names

(1) A branch of linguistics –

Answer – Philology

(2) A battle fought among the ten tribal chiefs –

Answer – Dashradnya Yuddha

(3) Cultivable land prepared by ploughing –

Answer  – Urvara’ means cultivable land prepared by ploughing

Q.2 Complete the concept map given below.

Complete the concept map given below maha board class Vedic Period

Q.3 Choose the correct reason and complete the sentence.

Panis were looked upon as enemies by the Vedic people because –

(a) they belonged to a different tribe.

(b) their language was impure

(c) Panis used to steal the cattle ofthe Vedic people

(d) Panis did not obey the orders of the Vedic people.

Answer – Panis were looked upon as enemies by the Vedic people because – (c) Panis used to steal the cattle of the Vedic people

Q.4 State your opinion.

(1) There is a debate about the original home of the Aryans.

Answer – There are various opinions about the chronology of the Vedic culture. However, there is a general agreement that the Vedic people composed Rigveda in

India around 1500 B.C.E. However, Lokmanya Tilak calculated this date as 6000 B.C.E. on the basis of astronomical events. He was also of the opinion that the original home of the Aryans was in the Arctic region.

This debate began in the 16th century. Till then the concept of the ‘Aryans’ was not known. In the 16th century the European academics became aware of the similarities between Sanskrit and Latin-Greek languages. It resulted into the notion of the ‘Indo- European’ language family, which gave a momentum to the search of a Mother language from which developed the Indo- European languages. It further led to the development of a branch of linguistics known as ‘Philology’. Philology is a discipline, which traces the etymological history and meanings of words. The archaeological research has now proved that the origin, spread and decline of Harappan civilisation took place mainly in some parts of Afghanistan, Baluchistan and Iran as well as in Punjab, Harayana, Rajasthan and Gujarat. The Geographic region described in the Vedic literature concurs with it. However, there is no agreement among the scholars about the chronology of the Vedic Aryans. Therefore, in spite of a number of academic declarations, nothing conclusive can be said about the interrelationship between the Vedic and the Harappan cultures. Chronologically Mature (urban) Harappan phase was earlier. Many scholars are inclined to accept that succeeding Late Harappan culture was equivalent to the Vedic culture. Some scholars believe that Vedic Aryans had stayed in the region of Saptasindhu from the beginning. Now many scholars are searching for the answer to the question, whether the Harappans and the Vedics were one and the same. Apparently no final answer has been found yet. The answer may be found if researchers could decipher the Harappan script.

(2) The Rigvedic people subsisted on agriculture.

Answer – Rigveda describes cultivation as an important occupation of the people living during that period, emphasising the importance of irrigation. The tribal settlements and the Vedic people residing there have been mentioned as ‘Krishtya’ in the Rigveda. ‘Krish’ means ploughing. Hence the people who ploughed and also their settlements were mentioned as ‘Krishtya’. The importance of agriculture is clearly emphasised in the 10th mandala of the Rigveda.

It states that for the farmer his ploughshare is the means of obtaining food. The deities, Ashwins and Indra were supposed to be the gods of agriculture. It is mentioned that the Ashwins hold the plough and make available food in large quantities. ‘Urvara’ means cultivable land prepared by ploughing. Indra is mentioned as the ‘Lord of Urvara’ (Urvarapati). Barley was the main crop grown by the Vedic people. The 10th mandala of the Rigveda mentions well water used for irrigation. According to its description a stone wheel tied with earthen jars (Rahatgadage in

Marathi) was used to draw water from the well. It is instructed to secure the belts firmly around the jars. The Rigved describes the palace of Lord Varuna having 1000 doors. This description is an allegory, indicative of the imagination of the poet. Along with agriculture the Early Vedic people also practised animal husbandry. Cattle, Buffaloes and horses formed part of their pastoral wealth. The god who protected their animals was known as ‘Pushan’.

Q.5 Explain the following concepts.

(1) Origin of Aryan people

Answer  –  There are multiple unanswered questions, such as, who were the Aryans, did they arrive in India from a distant place or were they natives of India, which are the archaeological sites where the remains of their culture are found, how to identify those remains, etc. Most of the information about their culture is derived from the Vedic literature. This literature is fundamentally in the form of the faith systems of the Vedic tribes and eulogies of their deities. Mention of the material culture occurs in the Vedic literature as an unintended aspect. Also, there are references to god Indra’s victories over their enemies. It was attempted to find answers to above questions, on the basis of these details. There are various opinions about the chronology of the Vedic culture. However, there is a general agreement that the Vedic people composed Rigveda in India around 1500 B.C.E. However, Lokmanya

Tilak calculated this date as 6000 B.C.E. on the basis of astronomical events. He was also of the opinion that the original home of the Aryans was in the Arctic region.

This debate began in the 16th century. Till then the concept of the ‘Aryans’ was not known. In the 16th century the European academics became aware of the similarities between Sanskrit and Latin-Greek languages. It resulted into the notion of the ‘Indo- European’ language family, which gave a momentum to the search of a Mother language from which developed the Indo- European languages. It further led to the development of a branch of linguistics known as ‘Philology’. Philology is a discipline, which traces the etymological history and meanings of words. Also, systematic research in the field of Vedic literature and archaeological cultures had gained academic importance. On the basis of the research in these two fields, notions like the authors of Vedic civilisation came form the West; they brought the knowledge of horses and speedy chariots having spoked wheels, as well as the science of mounted archery, got deeply rooted among academics. In brief, it was believed that the techniques of Vedic warfare was superior to that of the Harappans, who stayed in fortified cities. Also, it was supposed that the Harappans were the enemies of the Vedic people, mentioned as ‘Dasyu’ in the Vedic literature. The archaeological research has now proved that the origin, spread and decline of Harappan civilisation took place mainly in some parts of Afghanistan, Baluchistan and Iran as well as in Punjab, Harayana, Rajasthan and Gujarat. The Geographic region described in the Vedic literature concurs with it. However, there is no agreement among the scholars about the chronology of the Vedic Aryans. Therefore, in spite of a number of academic declarations, nothing conclusive can be said about the interrelationship between the Vedic and the Harappan cultures. Chronologically Mature (urban) Harappan phase was earlier. Many scholars are inclined to accept that succeeding Late Harappan culture was equivalent to the Vedic culture.

The Saraswati (Ghaggar-Hakra) to the east, Sindhu to the west and the five rivers of Punjab – Shatdru (Sutlaj), Vipasha (Bias), Asikni (Chinab), Parushni (Ravi) and Vitasta (Jhelum) – together comprised the region known as ‘Saptasindhu’. Besides these rivers mentioned in the Vedic literature are Kubha (Kabul), Gomati (gomal), Suvastu (Swat), etc. Vedic people called the region enriched by these rivers as the ‘God’s Country’ (Devnirmit Desh). However, there is no mention of the region of their origin, if they had arrived in India from outside. Some scholars believe that Vedic Aryans had stayed in the region of Saptasindhu from the beginning. Now many scholars are searching for the answer to the question, whether the Harappans and the Vedics were one and the same. Apparently no final answer has been found yet. The answer may be found if researchers could decipher the Harappan script.

(2) Indo-European family of languages

Answer – In the 16th century the European academics became aware of the similarities between Sanskrit and Latin-Greek languages. It resulted into the notion of the ‘Indo- European’ language family, which gave a momentum to the search of a Mother language from which developed the Indo- European languages. It further led to the development of a branch of linguistics known as ‘Philology’. Philology is a discipline, which traces the etymological history and meanings of words. At about the same time European scholars had also developed interest in the ancient Indian literature. As a result of this interest ‘Asiatic Society of Bengal’ was established by Sir William Jones in 1784.This period saw the beginning of compiling and translating Sanskrit texts in European languages. Also, systematic research in the field of Vedic literature and archaeological cultures had gained academic importance.

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Updated: September 7, 2022 — 11:44 pm

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