Maharashtra Board Class 11 History Solution Chapter 16 – Swarajya to Empire
Balbharati Maharashtra Board Class 11 History Solution Chapter 16: Swarajya to Empire. Marathi or English Medium Students of Class 11 get here Swarajya to Empire full Exercise Solution.
Std |
Maharashtra Class 11 |
Subject |
History |
Chapter |
16 |
Chapter name |
Swarajya to Empire |
Q.1 (A) Choose the correct alternative and write the complete sentences.
(1) ………………………… is known as the Father of Indian Navy.
(a) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj (b) Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj
(c) Chhatrapati Rajaram Maharaj (d) Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj
Answer – (a) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj is known as the Father of Indian Navy
(2) The Pathans from Afghanistan had settled in ……………………, the province at the foothills of the Himalayas.
(a) Varanasi (b) Mathura
(c) Ayodhya (d) Delhi
Answer – The Pathans from Afghanistan had settled in (c) Ayodhya, the province at the foothills of the Himalayas.
(3) Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj wrote the Sanskrit text …………………….
(a) Nayikabhed (b) Budhabhushan
(c) Nakhshikh (d) Satasattka
Answer – Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj wrote the Sanskrit text (b) Budhabhushan
(B) Find the incorrect pair from set B and write the correct ones.
Set ‘A’ |
Set ‘B’ |
(1) Naik-Nimbalkar wada | Vathar |
(2) Nana Phadanvis wada | Menavali |
(3) Kalaram temple | Jejuri |
(4) Mohiniraj temple | Nevase |
Answer – The incorrect pair is
(3) Kalaram temple Jejuri
The correct pair would be
(3) Kalaram temple Nashik
(C) Write the name.
(1) He was the Chief of the intelligence network of Shivaji Maharaj –
Answer – Shivaji Maharaj had a strong intelligence network of his own. Bahirji Naik was the Chief of this network.
(2) He assisted in the provincial affairs –
Answer – Sarsubhedars taking care of provincial administration were known as ‘Deshadhikari’.
(3) Leader of the Rohillas –
Answer – Najib Khan was the leader of the Rohillas
Q2 Complete the following concept map.
Q.3 Explain the statement with reasons.
(1) Shahajiraje is known as the visionary of Swarajya.
Answer – In the first half of the 17th century, Nizamshahi and Adilshahi had established their rule in Maharashtra. Many eminent Maratha sardars flourished under their rule. They held Jahagirs in the remote regions of the Sahyadris. The difficult terrain of Sahyadri allowed them to operate independently. Shahajiraje Bhosale was a prominent Sardar in the Nizamshahi kingdom. After the end of Nizamshahi rule, he accepted the rank of a Mansabdar (a military officer who maintains his own division of soldiers ) in the Adilshahi court.
Shahajiraje was valiant, courageous, wise and well-versed in the science of statehood. He had successfully handled many Adilshahi expeditions in Maharashtra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. The provinces of Pune, Supe, Shirwal, Indapur and Chakan were given to Shahajiraje as Jahagir. He personally aspired to establish Swarajya. He is regarded as the visionary of Swarajya.
He sent his son Shivajiraje and his wife, Veermata Jijabai from Bengaluru to Pune along with his loyal and capable associates. Veermata Jijabai encouraged Shivaji Maharaj to fulfil the dream of Shahajiraje of establishing Swarajya. She was a visionary and an efficient administrator. She constantly guided her son in the mission of establishing Swarajya and provided him with excellent education necessary for the king of Swarajya. The concept of Swarajya was visualised by Shahajiraje and it was turned into reality by Shivaji Maharaj.
(2) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj built the naval force.
Answer – In the year 1657 C.E., after conquering Kalyan and Bhiwandi, the boundaries of Swarajya extended upto the coastline. The British and the French were involved in Salt trade. Shivaji Maharaj wanted to establish control over the sea waters. However, he did not have any knowhow of building war ships. The Portuguese were afraid of the Siddis. Shivaji Maharaj assured the Portuguese to fight the Siddis. In turn, Shivaji Maharaj sent some selected fishermen with the Portuguese ship builders named Rui Leitao Viegas and his son Fernao Viegas and got twenty war ships built with their help. These fishermen were the people, who once trained, could later build war ships on their own. Till 1675 C.E., Shivaji Maharaj had four hundred small and big ships in his fleet. During the second sack of Surat, Shivaji Maharaj brought those ships to the coast of Surat and loaded the huge booty on them acquired from Surat. It is apparent that Shivaji Maharaj wanted to establish complete control over the land as well as on the sea. Shivaji Maharaj was the first to have the foresight to create his own navy. Hence, he is known as the ‘Father of the Indian Navy’ Maynak Bhandari, Daulatkhan, Kanhoji Angre were experts of Marine war strategies.
(3) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj charged heavy duty on the salt imported from the Portuguese territory.
Answer – Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was keen on protecting the local industries, an example of this can be cited of the salt industry at that time. He protected the salt industry in Konkan. At that time, traders imported salt from the Portuguese territory and sold in Swarajya. That affected the local trade in Konkan areas. So Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj charged heavy duty on the salt imported into Swarajya from the Portuguese territory. The intention was that the salt imported from the Portuguese territory would then cost more and as a result its import would be discouraged and the sale of the local salt would increase.
Q.4 Write short notes.
(1) Maratha Art
Answer – The development of Maratha miniature Paintings is seen through illustrations on the manuscripts such as pothis, pattachitra and patrikas. The same style is maintained in the glass paintings as well. Illustrated manuscripts of Sanskrit texts such as ‘Bhagvat Gita’, ‘Devi Saptashati’, ‘Bhagvat Purana’ as well as Marathi texts such as ‘Dnyaneshwari’ (Bhavarthdipika), ‘Shivaleelamrut’, ‘Pandavapratap’ etc. are available. The paintings of Dashavatara are included in them. The wooden stands of the pothis have paintings of various deities such as Ganapati, Riddhi-siddhi, Ramapanchayatana, Gopalkrishna, Vishnulakshmi in dark red, green and yellow colours. The miniature paintings, include human portraits and themes like ragamalas, talamala, processions etc. Remarkable portraits of Bajirao I, Nanasaheb Peshwa, Pilaji Jadhavrao are available. Murals are found on the facade of the Wadas, as well as on the walls of reception areas (Diwankhana) and bedrooms. In the temples, the mandapa wall, owri (varanda), shikhara, gabhara (sanctum sanctorum) and chhat (ceiling) were also decorated with paintings. The 18th century murals have survived till today at places like the Naik-Nimbalkar wada at Vathar, Nana Phadanavis wada at Menavali, Rangamahal at Chandwad, Mayureshwar mandir at Morgaon, Shiva temple of Pandeshwar, and Matha at Benawadi. Mythological stories form the main theme of these murals. They include scenes from Ramayana and Mahabharata and Puranas. The paintings of Dashavatara and Krishnaleela are found almost everywhere. The subjects of contemporary social life were also popular in the paintings. Royal court, royal meetings, processions were also included in them.
During the Maratha period, keertan and singing of Bhajans were popular. Powadas (Ballads) were composed during this period to encourage the spirit of heroism among the people. The ballads known as ‘powadas’ and ‘katavas’, composed by the Shahirs were the types of historical poetry. The powadas composed by Adnyandas on the slaying of Afzalkhan and Tulsidas on the battle of Sinhagad are well-known.
The literary tradition of ‘Lavani’ developed in the later Peshwa period. Shahirs like Anantafandi, Prabhakar, Ramjoshi, Saganbhau and Honaji Bala are known for their beautiful compositions. Various dance forms from the Maratha period have existed till today such as including lavani, koli dance, Gaja Nrutya etc. The tradition of vocal music also received patronage in Maratha States.
(2) Maratha Architecture
Answer – Shivaji Maharaj gave priority to build forts. He built hill forts and sea forts. This proved benificial in establishment of Swarajya. The required expertise of maintaining forts was easily available to him. The Kasaba temple in Pune and Vitthal temple in Vitthalwadi were reconstructed by Veermata Jijabai. During the Peshwa period, the Maratha kingdom regained its prosperity and all forms of art and architecture once again received patronage. Pune, Satara and Nashik developed into big cities. These cities had well paved roads, wadas on both sides of the road and arched gates at intervals. The construction of temples began on a large scale during the later Peshwa period. These temples were of three types. Examples of the temple architecture of this period are found at Saswad (‘Vateshwar’, ‘Sangameshwar’), Mahuli (‘Vishweshwar’), Jejuri etc. These are huge in size. The plan of these temples is in star shaped design, the foundation of the temple was multi layered, and were named accordingly. The construction of shikhara is made in bricks and stucco method. The ‘Kalaram’, ‘Goraram’ and ‘Sundarnarayan’ temples at Nashik and ‘Mahadev’ temple at Trimbakeshwar, ‘Mohiniraj’ temple at Nevasa were similar to the temples in Malwa and Rajasthan. The temples were constructed in stone. These temples were embellished extensively with sculptures as compared to other contemporary temples. In the third type of temples, the temples at Pune, Satara, Wai, etc. were built in independent style. It included arches, wooden hall (sabhamandapa) and sanctum sanctorum (gabhara). The Shikhara slopes inwards at the top. In the small niches of the Shikhara, beautiful sculptures are made of stucco. It includes images of dashavataras and other deities as well as male and female figures. The stone deepmala is a remarkable feature of these temples. The stone deepmalas at Jejuri were built by Shahajiraje. Since most of the villages and temples were located on river banks, stone steps (ghats) were also built on the river. Such extensive ghats are seen at Nashik, Puntambe, Wai, Menavali, Mahuli etc. The Chhatris (Samadhis) built at various places are noteworthy.
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