Maharashtra Board Class 10 Solutions General Science – Part 2
Maharashtra Board Class 10 Important Question Chapter wise Download at here. Maharashtra Board Class 10 for General Science – Part 2. Maha Board Class 10th Textbook General Science – Part 2.
Maha Board Class 10th General Science – Part 2 Textbook All Questions. Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research General Science – Part 2 Book Class 10.
Book Type |
Text Book |
Class |
10th |
Medium |
English |
Subjects |
General Science – Part 2 |
GENERAL SCIENCE
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY –Part – 2
CHAPTER – 1 – Heredity and Evolution
(1) Read the following statements and justify same in your own words with the help of suitable examples.
(a) Human evolution began approximately 7 crore years ago.
(b) Geographical and reproductive isolation of organisms gradually leads to speciation.
(c) Study of fossils is an important aspect of study of evolution.
(d) There is evidences of fatal science among chordates.
(2) Complete the statements by choosing correct options from bracket.
(Gene, Mutation, Translocation, Transcription, Gradual development, Appendix)
(a) The causality behind the sudden changes was understood due to — — principle of Hugo de Vries.
(b) The proof for the fact that protein synthesis occurs through — — was given by George Beadle and Edward Tatum.
(c)Transfer of information from molecule of DNA to mRNA is called as — — — process.
(d) Evolution means — — — –.
(e) Vestigial organ — — — present in human body is proof of evolution.
(3) Write short notes based upon the information known to you.
(a) Lamarckism
(b) Darwin’s theory of natural selection.
(c) Embryology.
(d) Evolution.
(e) Connecting link.
(4) Define heredity. Explain the mechanism of hereditary changes.
(5) Define vestigial organs. Write names of some vestigial organs in human body and write the names of those animals in whom same organs are functional.
(6) Answer the following questions.
(a) How are the hereditary changes responsible for evolution?
(b) Explain the process of formation of complex proteins.
(c) Explain the theory of evolution and mention the proof supporting it.
(d) Explain with suitable examples importance of anatomical evidences in evolution.
(e) Define fossil. Explain importance of fossils as proof of evolution.
(f) Write evolutionary history of modern man.
CHAPTER – 2 -Life Processes in living organisms Part -1
(1) Fill in the blanks and explain the statements.
(a) After complete oxidation of a glucose molecules, —- — — number of ATP molecules are formed.
(b) At the end of glycolysis, —- — — molecules are obtained.
(c) Genetic recombination occurs in — — — phase of prophase of meiosis-I.
(d) All chromosomes are arranged parallel to equatorial plane of cell in — — — phase of mitosis.
(e) For formation of plasma membrane, — — — molecules are necessary.
(f) Our muscle cells perform — — — type of respiration during exercise.
(2) Write definitions.
(a) Nutrition.
(b) Nutrients
(c) Proteins.
(d) Cellular respiration
(e) Aerobic respiration.
(f) Glycolysis.
(3) Distinguish between
(a) Glycolysis and TCA cycle
(b) Mitosis and meiosis.
(c) Aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
(4) Give scientific reasons.
(a) Oxygen is necessary for complete oxidation of glucose.
(b) Fibers are one of the important nutrients.
(c) Cell division is one of the important properties of cells and organisms.
(d) Sometimes, higher plants and animals too perform anaerobic respiration.
(e) Kreb’s cycle is also known as citric acid cycle.
(5) Answer in detail.
(a) Explain the glycolysis in detail.
(b) With the help of suitable diagrams, explain the mitosis in detail.
(c) With the help of suitable diagrams, explain the five stages of prophase-I of meiosis.
(d) How all the life processes contribute to the growth and development of the body?
(e) Explain the Kreb’s cycle with reaction.
CHAPTER – 3 – Life Processes in Living Organisms Part – 2
(1) Complete the following chart.
Asexual reproduction | Sexual reproduction |
1. Reproduction that occurs with the help of somatic cells is called as asexual reproduction.
2. ………………………………………… ………………………………….. 3. This reproduction occurs with the help of mitosis only. 4. …………………………………………… ………………………………………….… 5. Asexual reproduction occurs in different individuals by various methods like binary fission, multiple fission, budding, fragmentation, regeneration, vegetative propagation, spore production, etc. |
1. ……………………………………….. ………………………………………….… ………………………………………………
2. Male and female parent are necessary for sexual reproduction. 3. ……………………………………… ………………………………………………. 4. New individual formed by this method is genetically different from parents. 5. ………………………………………….. ………………………………………….… …………………………………………….. ………………………………………….… …………………………………………….. ………………………………………….… …………………………………………….. |
(2) Fill in the blanks.
(a) In humans, sperm production occurs in the organ —————-.
(b) In humans, —— chromosome is responsible for maleness.
(c) In male and female reproductive system of human, ————- gland is same.
(d) Implantation of embryo occurs in ——
(e) ———- type of reproduction occurs without fusion of gametes.
(f) Body breaks up into several fragments and each fragment starts to live as a new individual. This is — — — — — — — type of reproduction.
(g) Pollen grains are formed by — —– — — — division in locules of anthers.
(3) Complete the paragraph with the help of words given in the bracket.
(Luteinizing hormone, endometrium of uterus, follicle stimulating hormone, estrogen, progesterone, corpus luteum) Growth of follicles present in the ovary occurs under the effect of —– This follicle secretes estrogen. — — – — — — grows / regenerates under the effect of estrogen. Under the effect of — —, fully grown up follicle bursts, ovulation occurs and — — — — is formed from remaining part of follicle. It secrets — — — — and — — — — –. Under the effect of these hormones, glands of — — — — are activated and it becomes ready for implantation.
(4) Answer the following questions in short.
(a) Explain with examples types of asexal reproduction in unicellular organism.
(b) Explain the concept of IVF.
(c) Which precautions will you follow to maintain the reproductive health?
(d) What is menstrual cycle? Describe it in brief.
(5) In case of sexual reproduction, newborn show similarities about characters. Explain this statement with suitable examples.
(6) Sketch the labeled diagrams.
(a) Human male reproductive system.
(b)Human female reproductive system.
(c) Flower with its sexual reproductive organs.
(d) Menstrual cycle.
(7) Give the names.
(a) Hormones related with male reproductive system.
(b) Hormones secreted by ovary of female reproductive system.
(c) Types of twins.
(d) Any two sexual diseases. e. Methods of family planning.
(8) Gender of child is determined by the male partner of couple. Explain with reasons whether this statement is true or false.
(9) Explain asexual reproduction in plants.
(10) Modern techniques like surrogate mother, sperm bank and IVF technique will help the human beings. Justify this statement.
(11) Explain sexual reproduction in plants.
CHAPTER – 4 – Environmental management
(1) Reorganize the following food chain. Describe the ecosystem to which it belongs.
Grasshopper – Snake – Paddy field – Eagle – Frog.
(2) Explain the statement- ‘we have got this Earth planet on lease from our future generations and not as an ancestral property from our ancestors.’
(3) Write short notes.
(a) Environmental Conservation.
(b) Chipko Movement of Bishnoi.
(c) Biodiversity.
(d) Sacred Groves.
(e) Disaster and its management.
(4) How will you justify that overcoming the pollution is a powerful way of environmental management?
(5) Which projects will you run in relation to environmental conservation? How?
(6) Answer the following.
(a) Write the factors affecting environment.
(b) Why does the human beings have important place in environment?
(c) Write the types and examples of biodiversity.
(d) How the biodiversity can be conserved?
(e) What do we learn from the story of Jadav Molai Peyang?
(f) Write the names of biodiversity hot spots.
(g) Which are the reasons for endangering the many species of plants and animals? How can we save those?
CHAPTER – 5 – Towards Green Energy
(1) Remake the table taking into account relation between entries in three columns.
I | II | III |
Coal | Potential energy | Wind electricity plant |
Uranium | Kinetic Energy | Hydro electric plant |
Water Reservoir | Nuclear Energy | Thermal plant |
Wind | Thermal Energy | Nuclear power plant |
(2) Which fuel is used in thermal power plant? What are the problems associated with this type of power generation?
(3) Other than thermal power plant, which power plants use thermal energy for power generation? In what different ways is the thermal energy obtained?
(4) Which type/types of power generation involve maximum number of steps of energy conversion? In which power generation is the number minimum?
(5) Explain the difference.
(a) Conventional and Non-conventional Sources of energy.
(b)Thermal electricity generation and solar thermal electricity generation.
(6) What is meant by green energy? Which energy sources can be called as green energy sources and why? Give exampls.
(7) Explain the following sentences.
(a) Energy obtained from fossil fuels is not green energy.
(b) Saving energy is the need of the hour.
(8) Answer the following questions.
(a) How can we get the required amount of energy by connecting solar panels?
(b) What are the advantages and limitations of solar energy?
(9) Explain with diagram step-by-step energy conversion in
(a) Thermal power plant
(b) Nuclear Power Plant
(c) Solar thermal power plant
(d) Hydroelectric power plant
(10) Give scientific reasons
(a) The construction of turbine is different for different types of power plants.
(b) It is absolutely necessary to control the fission reaction in nuclear power plants.
(c) Hydroelectric energy, solar energy and wind energy are called renewable energies.
(d) It is possible to produce energy from mW to MW using solar photovoltaic cells.
(11) Draw a schematic diagram of solar thermal electric energy generation.
(12) Give your opinion about whether hydro electric plants are environment friendly or not?
(13) Draw neat and labelled diagrams.
(a) Energy transformation in solar thermal electric energy generation.
(b) One solar panel produces a potential difference of 18 V and current of 3A. Discribe how you can obtain a potential difference of 72 Volts and current of 9 A with a solar array using solar panels. You can use sign of a battery for a solar panel.
(14) Write short note on
Electrical energy generation and environment.
CHAPTER – 6 – Animal Classification
(1) Identify me.
(a) I am diploblastic & acoelomate. Which phylum do I belong to?
(b) My body is radially symmetrical. Water vascular system is present in my body. I am referred as fish though I am not. What is my name?
(c) I live in your small intestine. Pseudocoelom is present in my thread like body. In which phylum will you include me?
(d) Though I am multicellular, there are no tissues in my body. What is the name of my phylum?
(2) Write the characters of each of the following animals with the help of classification chart.
Bath sponge, grasshopper, rohu, penguin, frog, lizard, elephant, jellyfish.
(3) Write in brief about progressive changes in animal classification.
(4) What is the exact difference between grades of organization and symmetry? explain win examples.
(5) Answer in brief.
(a) Give scientific classification of shark upto class.
(b) Write four distinguishing characters of phylum- Echinodermata.
(c) Distinguish between butterfly and bat with the help of four distinguishing properties.
(d) To which phylum does Cockroach belong? Justify your answer with scientific reasons.
(6) Give scientific reasons.
(a) Though tortoise lives on land as well as in water, it cannot be included in class- Amphibia.
(b) Our body irritates if it comes in contact with jelly fish.
(c) All vertebrates are chordates but all chordates are not vertebrates.
(d) Balanoglossus is connecting link between non-chordates & chordates.
(e) Body temperature of reptiles in not constant.
(7) Complete the following chart.
Body cavity | Germ Layer | Phylum |
Absent | ————- | Porifera |
Absent | Triploblastic | ———– |
Pseudocoelom | ————- | Aschelminthes |
Present | ————- | Arthropoda |
(8) Complete the following chart.
Type | Character | Example |
Cyclostomata | ||
Gill respiration | ||
Amphibia | ||
Whale | ||
Poikilotherms |
CHAPTER – 8 – Introduction to Microbiology
(1) Rewrite the following statements using correct of the options and explain the completed statements.
(gluconic acid, coagulation, amino acid, acetic acid, clostridium, lactobacilli)
(a) Process of — — — — of milk proteins occurs due to lactic acid.
(b) Harmful bacteria in like — — — in the intestine are destroyed due to probiotics.
(c) Chemically, vinegar is — — –.
(d) Salts which can be used as supplement of calcium and iron are obtained from ——– acid.
(2) Answer the following.
(a) Which fuels can be obtained by microbial processes? Why is it necessary to increase the use of such fuels?
(b) How can the oil spills of rivers and oceans be cleaned?
(c) How can the soil polluted by acid rain be made fertile again?
(d) Explain the importance of biopesticides in or ganic farming.
(e) Which are the reasons for increasing the popularity of probiotic products?
(f) How the bread and other products produced using baker’s yeast are nutritious?
(g) Which precautions are necessary for proper decomposition of domestic waste?
(h) Why is it necessary to ban the use of plastic bags?
(3) Give scientific reasons.
(a) Use of mutant strains has been increased in industrial microbiology.
(b) Enzymes obtained by microbial process are mixed with detergents.
(c) Microbial enzymes are used instead of chemical catalysts in chemical industry
(4) Answer the following.
(a) What is role of microbes in compost production?
(b) What are the benefits of mixing ethanol with petrol and diesel?
(c) Which plants are cultivated to obtain the fuel?
(d) Which fuels are obtained from biomass?
(e) How does the bread become spongy?
CHAPTER – 8 – Cell Biology and Biotechnology
(1) Fill in the blanks and complete the statements.
(a) Methods like artificial insemination and embryo transplant are mainly used for –
(b) — — — — is the revolutionary event in biotechnology after cloning.
(C) The disease related with the synthesis of insulin is — — —.
(d) Government of India has encouraged the — — — — for improving the productivity by launching NKM-16.
(2) Rewrite the following wrong statements after corrections.
(a) Changes in genes of the cells are brought about in non-genetic technique.
(b) Gene from Bacillus thuringiensis is introduced into soyabean.
(3) Write short notes.
(a) Biotechnology: Professional uses.
(b) Importance of medicinal plants.
(4) Complete the following chart.
(5) Identify and complete the following correlations.
(a) Insulin : Diabetes :: Interleukin : — — —
(b) Interferon : — :: Erythropoietin : Anemia.
(c) ——- : Dwarfness :: Factor VIII : Hemophilia.
(d) White revolution : Dairy :: Blue revolution : — — — –.
(5) Write a comparative note on usefulness and harmfulness of biotechnology.
CHAPTER – 9 – Social health
(1) Fill in the blanks with appropriate word.
(a) Laughter club is a remedy to drive away — — — –.
(b) Alcohol consumption mainly affects — — — — system.
(c) The act — — — — is to curb the cyber crimes.
(2) Answer the following.
(a) Which factors affect the social health?
(b) Which changes occur in persons continuously using internet and mobile phones?
(c) Which problems do the common man faces due to incidences of cyber crime?
(d) Explain the importance of good communication with others.
(3) Give three examples of each.
(a) Hobbies to reduce stress.
(b) Diseases endangering the social health.
(c) Physical problems arising due to excessive use of mobile phones.
(d) Activities under the jurisdiction of cyber crime laws.
(4) What will you do? Why?
(a) You are spending more time in internet/mobile games, phone, etc.
(b) Child of your neighbor is addicted to tobacco chewing.
(c) Your sister has become incommunicative. She prefers to remain alone.
(d) You have to use free space around your home for good purpose.
(e) Your friend has developed the hobby of snapping selfies.
( f) Your brother studying in XII has developed the stress.
(5) What type of changes occurs in a home having chronically ill old person? How will you help to maintain good atmosphere?
CHAPTER – 10 – Disaster Management
(1) Complete the table.
(Motor accident, land sliding, forest fire, theft, riot, war, epidemic, drought, locust attack, financial crisis, flood, famine)
Disaster | Symptoms | Effects | Remedy |
(2) Write notes.
(a) Disaster management Authority
(b) Nature of disaster management
(c) Mock drill d. Disaster Management Act, 2005
(3) Answer the following questions.
(a) Explain the role of district disaster control unit after occurrence of any disaster.
(b) Give the reasons for increase in human disasters after the World War-II.
(c) Which are the objectives of disaster management?
(d) Why is it essential to get the training of first aid? e. Which different methods are used for transportation of patients? Why?
(4) On the basis of the structure of disastermanagement authority, form the same for your school.
(5) Write down the reasons, effects and remedial measures taken for any two disasters experienced by you.
(6) Which different aspects of disaster management would you check for your school? Why?
(7) Explain that why is it said like that?
[A] Mock drill is useful
[B] Effective disaster management makes us well prepared for future.
(8) Following are the pictures of some disasters. How will be your pre- and post-disaster management in case you face any of those disasters?