Maharashtra Board Class 10 Science Part – 2 Solution Chapter 1 – Heredity and Evolution
Balbharati Maharashtra Board Class 10 Science Part – 2 Solution Chapter 1: Heredity and Evolution. Marathi or English Medium Students of Class 10 get here Heredity and Evolution full Exercise Solution.
Std |
Maharashtra Class 10 |
Subject |
Science Part – 2 Solution |
Chapter |
Heredity and Evolution |
CHAPTER: -1 (Heredity and Evolution)
Exercise: –
1) Complete the following diagram.
Ans: –
2) Read the following statements and justify the same in your own words with the help of suitable examples.
a) Human evolution began approximately 7 crore years ago.
Ans: – About long long years humans came from the evolution of different species. If we talked about the different times of evolution of humans then we see at about 15 million years it was dinosaur then in 2 to 4 million of years ago it was ape like.2 million years ago it was Australopithecus, in 1.5 years ago homo erectors then Neanderthal and at last homo sapienscame.
b.) Geographical and reproductive isolation of organisms gradually leads to speciation.
Ans: – More genetically lineage is evaluated from a single lineage throughout the millions of years. The geographical isolation of different population leads to form allotropic speciation. Year after year of reproduction between different species create different lineage.
c.) Study of fossils is an important aspect of study of evolution.
Ans: – We know the presence of a plant and animal are always remain on fossils. It gives us the information of evolution time period of different species. It also gives us the information about the in which nature they grew up etc.
d.) There is evidence of fatal science among chordates.
Ans: – Fatal science gives us the information about the evolution. The evolution of embryo of chordates we seen that at a time vertebrate and chordates are similar in earlier but after years it decreases.
3.) Complete the statements by choosing correct options from bracket.
(Gene, Mutation, Translocation, Transcription, Gradual development, Appendix)
a.) The causality behind the sudden changes was understood due to -mutation- — principle of Hugo de Varies.
b.) The proof for the fact that protein synthesis occurs through — -gene– was given by George Beadle and Edward Tatum.
c.) Transfer of information from molecule of DNA to mRNA is called as — –transcription — process.
d.) Evolution means — — -gradual development- –.
e.) Vestigial organ — — appendix– present in human body is proof of evolution.
4.) Write short notes based upon the information known to you.
a.) Lamarckism
b.) Darwin’s theory of natural selection.
c.) Embryology.
d.) Evolution.
e.) Connecting link.
Ans: – a) Lamarckism:- Lamarck give us the principal of use and disuse where he tells us that if we use any organ then it will be developed and if we don’t use any organ after some time, it has no use like Giraffe’s neck.
b) Darwin’s in his book “Origin of specie’s” explain the term natural selection as he tells us that if any particular species make itself change according to the situation it will survive otherwise not.
c) The study of embryo and foetus we know as the embryology. It uses as to examine the evolution of vertebrate. It tells that year after year they gradually changes.
d) The changes of species through out the millions year is known as a evolution. From study we came to know that about 3.5 billion years ago the presence of life started and throughout the years it changes from a simple life to this complex life.
e) The different substance or specie’s is the example of connecting link between the human or other animals, one plant to other plant. The duck billed platypus is the connection between human and reptiles.
5.) Define heredity. Explain the mechanism of hereditary changes.
Ans: – The transmission of character from the parents to their spouse or characters which is seen from the successors is known as heredity. Different things that are happening throughout the years which results the changes in present specie’s this thing are natural selection, genetic drift, mutation and recombination.
6.) Define vestigial organs. Write names of some vestigial organs in human body and write the names of those animals in whom same organs are functional.
Ans: – The organ presents in different species which used at past but today’s there is no uses of that organ is known as vestigial organs.
In human body the appendix is the example of vestigial organs which has know uses in present.
7.) Answer the following questions.
a.) How are the hereditary changes responsible for evolution?
Ans: – Heredity is transmission of characters from parents to the offspring. The different things happen throughout the year like mutation, natural selection, genetic drift which is responsible for the evolution of new specie’s.
b.) Explain the process of formation of complex proteins.
Ans: – The genetic characters of different species are transfer from DNA to the other. From central dogma we know that the synthesis of protein is the reason of transformation of information from DNA to RNA and RNA to protein happen. Transmission from DNA to RNA is known as transcription and rna to complex protein is known as translation.
c.) Explain the theory of evolution and mention the proof supporting it.
Ans: – If we talked about the evolution then there is various example. Evolution is the changes of cell from one single thing to more complex throughout the million’s years. If we compare the duck billed platypus, we seen that it has some similar character of human and reptile so we can easily say that humans and reptile has came from same thing which changes according to the different condition.
d.) Explain with suitable examples importance of anatomical evidences in evolution.
Ans: – The evolution of species through a time period is known as the anatomy. The anatomical evidence explains the evolution. For example, the human, cat, bat, wheel all have front legs but as for the different use it changed.
e.) Define fossil. Explain importance o fossils as proof of evolution.
Ans: – A trace of organism that lives in past which is seen on the different things like stone, bones, skull is known as fossils. It tells us the time of its evolution, the present of it at past, it changes throughout the different conditions in million of years.
f.) Write evolutionary history of modern man.
Ans: – The modern man has come from some species through out the million of years after changing it. The scientist after examines the different fossils as well as the character of different species present now. From different sources we came to that about 15 million years ago the dinosaur was the source. About 3 million years ago ape like species are present which we know from fossils. Then the different fossil of east Africa is the example of human evolution which was in about 2million year ago. Then different evolution like homo erectus to Neanderthal. The final changes we seen is the Neanderthal to homo sapience which is the present human’s species.
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Very nice solutions and easy answer for students thanks so much netexplanations.
Thanks Jivita
Nice solutions