Lakhmir Singh Manjit Kaur Class 8 Science 5th Chapter Coal And Petroleum Solutions

Lakhmir Singh and Manjit Kaur Class 8 Science 5th Chapter Coal And Petroleum Solution

Lakhmir Singh and Manjit Kaur Science solution: Coal And Petroleum Chapter 5. Here you get easy solutions of Lakhmir Singh and Manjit Kaur Science solution Chapter 5. Here we give Chapter 5 all solution of class 8. Its help you to complete your homework.

Board – CBSE

Text Book – SCIENCE

Class – 8

Chapter – 5

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS Answers:

(1) The three useful products of coal is

  • Coal gas
  • Coal tar
  • Coke

(2) Coke

(3) Carbonisation.

(4) coal tar

(5) This five substance used in everyday life which are manufactured starting from the product coal tar :

  • Synthetic fibres.
  • Plastics
  • Perfumes
  • Paints
  • Pesticides

(6) Coal tar

(7) Bitumen

(8) Petrol

(9) Kerosene.

(10) Diesel

(11) Diesel

(12) Liquefied petroleum gas.

(13) Yes, it is possible to extract petroleum from under the sea-bed.

(14) compressed natural gas.

(15) The major components of natural gas is 95% methane and remaining ethane and propane.

(16) The two places are Vadodara and some other parts in delhi.

(17) Natural gases.

(18) The two places are : Bihar, west Bengal

(19) Bitumen

(20) The four places are : Assam, Gujarat, Mumbai high, basins of Godavari rivers.

(21) Petroleum Conservation Research Association.

(22) (a) True (b) True (c) False (d) False (e) False

(23) (a) coal; petroleum; natural gas (b) carbon (c) carbonisation (d) refining (e) CNG (f) pollution; warming

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS Answers:

(24) All fossil fuels were formed by the decomposition of the remains of pre-historic plants and animals buried under the millions of years ago. That’s why fossil fuels are exhaustible natural resources.

(25) Coal was formed by the decomposition of large land plants and trees buried under the earth about 300 millions years ago.

This process called Carbonisation.

(26) When coal is heated in the air, coal burns and produces carbon dioxide.

The uses of coal are

  • Used as a fuel in homes and industry.
  • Used as a fuel at thermal power plants for generating electricitry

(27) The uses of coal are

  • Used as a fuel in homes nad industry.
  • Used as a fuel at thermal power plants for generating electricitry

(28) The constituents of coal gas are mainly a mixture of methane and hydrogen.

The uses of coal gas are mainly as a fuel in industry.

(29)  The various fractions obtained by the refining of petroleum are :

  • Petroleum gas
  • Petrol
  • Kerosene
  • Diesel
  • Lubricating oil
  • Paraffin wax
  • Bitumen

The uses of above petroleum products are :

  • Petroleum gas : used as a fuel in homes and industry
  • Petrol : used as a fuel in light motor vehicle.
  • Kerosene : used as a fuel in wick stoves, lanterns etc
  • Diesel : used as a fuel in heavy motor vehicle.
  • Lubricating oil : used for lubrication in machines and engines.
  • Paraffin wax : used for making candles
  • Bitumen : used for road surfacing.

(30) The advantages is natural gas burns easily and produced a lot of heat and also it burns with a smokeless flame and causes no air pollution.

(31) The uses of natural gases are given below :

  • Used as a domestic and industrial fuel
  • Used as a fuel in thermal power station

(32) When natural gas is compressed by applying pressure, it is called CNG.

CNG or compressed natural gas which is used as a fuel in transport vehicle.

(33)  Natural Gas found in deep under the crust of earth either alone or alone with oil above the petroleum deposits.

Natural gas burns with a smokeless flame and cause no air pollution.

That’s why natural gas called clean fuel

(34) The advantages of using LPG as a fuel are

  • LPG burns easily
  • LPG has a high calorific value. Due to this, a given amount of LPG produces a lot of heat.
  • LPG burns with a smokeless flame and hence does not cause air pollution

(35) The five useful substances are manufactured from petrochemicals are :

  • Synthetic fibres.
  • Plastics
  • Synthetic rubber.
  • Perfumes

(36)  Petroleum is called “black gold”.

Petroleum has its great commercial importance that’s why petroleum is called “black gold”

(37)  (a) The world’s first oil well was drilled in Pennsylvania (USA) in 1859.

(b) In India, the first oil well was struck at makum in Assam

(38)  One uses each of the following products of petroleum is :

  • Petroleum gas : used as a fuel in homes and industry.
  • Petrol : used as a fuel in light motor vehicle.
  • Diesel: used as a fuel in heavy motor vehicle.
  • Lubricating oil: used for lubrication in machines and engines.
  • Bitumen: used for road surfacing.

(39) Use of Fossil fuel is the major cause of air pollution.

The various tips for minimizing the wastage of petrol and diesel vehicles are as follows :

  • Drive the vehicle at a constant and moderate speed as far as possible.
  • Switch off the vehicles engine at traffic lights or ata place where a person has to wait’
  • Ensure correct air pressure in the tyres of the vehicles.
  • Low tyre pressure consumes more fuel.
  • Ensure regular maintainance of the vehicle.

(40) We should use fossil fuels only when absolutely necessary because

  • It will ensure the availability of fossil fuels for a longer period of time.
  • It will reduce air pollution and lead to a cleaner environment
  • It will reduce the risk of global warming

(41) Two uses of kerosene are :

  • Used as a fuel in wick stoves and pressure stoves.
  • A special grade of kerosene oil used as a aviation fuel.

Two uses of paraffin wax :

  • Used for making candles.
  • Used fore making Vaseline.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS Answers:

(42) (a) Those natural resources which are present in unlimited quantity in nature and are not likely to be exhausted by human activities are called inexhaustible natural resources. The two inexhaustible natural resources are : Sunlight, Air

(b) Those resources which are present in a limited quantity in nature and can be exhausted by human activities are called inexhaustible natural resources. The two inexhaustible natural resources are : Natural gas, minerals

(43. (a) The natural fuels formed from remains of living organisms buried under the earth millions of years ago are called fossil fuels. The three fossils fuels are : Coal, Petroleum, natural gases.

(b) Fossil fuels were formed from the  dead remains of living organisms buried under the earth millions of years ago. This happed as follows :

  • The plants and animals which died millions of years ago deep in the earth
  • In the absence of air,  the chemical effects of heat, pressure and bacteria converted the buried plants and animals into fossil fuels.

(44) (a)  Petroleum is a kind of liquid of dark coloured.

Petroleum occurs deep under the surface of earth between two layers of impervious rocks.

(b)Petroleum was formed by the decomposition of the remains of tiny plants and animals are buried under the sea millions of years ago. Their bodies sank to the bottom of sea and were soon covered with mud and sand. Due to high pressure, heat, action of bacteria the plants and animals were slowly converted into petroleum.

(45) (a) Those chemicals which are obtained from petroleum and natural gas are called petrochemicals. The Two petrochemicals are : Methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol

(b) Petrochemicals are very important because they are used to manufacture a wide range of useful materials like detergents, synthetic fibres, perfumes, etc.

Higher Order Thinking skills (HOTS)

58)

W = Petroleum

X = Natural Gas

Y = Fractional distillation

Z = Kerosene

Petroleum (W) is a fossil fuel. It occurs deep below the ground in certain areas of the earth. Another fossil fuel natural gas (X) is found trapped above the deposits of petroleum. When petroleum is subjected to fractional distillation (Y) then a number of different products are collected at different temperature ranges which are put to different uses. A special grade of product called kerosene (Z) is obtained in this way is used as aviation fuel in jet aeroplanes.

59)

A = Coal

B = Carbonisation

C = Destructive distillation

D = coke

E = Coal gas

F = Coal tar

The Coal (A) is a fossil fuel which is extracted from the earth. Coal is a black and solid in nature. It is said to be formed from the buried, large land plants by a very slow process of carbonization (B). When coal is heated in the absence of air through destructive distillation (C), then it gives three products coke (D), coal gas (E) and coal tar (F).

60)

P = Natural gas

Q = Methane

R = Hydrogen

S = Compressed natural gas

Natural Gas (P) is formed under the earth by the decomposition of vegetable matter lying under water by the action of anaerobic bacteria. The major component of natural gas (P) is methane (Q). Natural gas is used as a source of hydrogen (R) needed to manufacture nitrogenous fertilizers. When Natural gas is filled in metal cylinders and used as a fuel in motor vehicles, it is called compressed natural gas (CNG).

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3 Comments

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  1. question number 9 you accidently wrote Kenosene instead of kerosene

  2. In question 42 part b you write inexhaustible but it is exhaustible

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