Kerala SCERT Class 10 Social Science 2 Chapter 7 India: The Land of Diversities Question Answer Solution Here. Kerala Board Class 10 Students can find Here 7th Chapter India: The Land of Diversities Notes provide by our Teacher. Important Question Answer from Chapter 7 India: The Land of Diversities.
- Board- Kerala Board.
- Class – 10.
- Subject – Social Science Part 2
- Chapter – 7.
- Chapter Name – India: The Land of Diversities.
- Topic – Question Answer Solution.
(1). Who is Sri. M. K. Ramachandran?
Answer:
Sri. M. K. Ramachandran is renowned traveller and writer. He has made many journeys along with the Himalayan ranges.
(2). From which book the “We were then …………….. I returned to the cave.” paragraph referred
Answer:
The paragraph referred from the book “Devabhoomiyiloode” written by Sri. M. K. Ramachandran.
(3). Which place is known as “Indian Peninsula”? Why?
Answer:
The land surrounded by ocean from three sides is known as Peninsula. Southern part of Indian sub continent is surrounded by oceans so it is known as Indian Peninsula.
(4). Which place known as Northern Mountains?
Answer:
Mountain ranges starting from the north west of Kashmir and expands up to the eastern boundary of India, these mountain ranges are known as Northern Mountain.
(5). Why Pamir plateau is known as the roof of the world?
Answer:
The Pamir Plateau is known as the roof of the world in Central Asia. Mountain ranges like Hindukush, Sulaiman, Tien Shan, Kunlun, Karakoram, etc. It radiates the Pamir knot in different directions. The Kailas chain in Tibet is a continuation of the Karakoram Mountains.
(6). Write a short note on Trans Himalayas.
Answer:
The Trans-Himalayas include Karakoram, Ladakh and Zaskar Mountains. The K2 Mountain (8661m) is called Godwin India’s highest mountain, Austin, is located at Mount Karakoram. The altitude of the Trans Himalayas is 6,000 meters.
(7). What are the three ranges of Himalayas?
Answer:
The Himalayas consist of three different regions, the Great Himalayas, known as the Himadri, the Himalayas, and the Shivalik Mountains. Mount Everest at 8848m is the highest elevation with Kanchanjunga at 8598m.
(8). Write a note on Himalaya?
Answer:
The Himalayas are an animal kingdom between the Trans Himalayas to the northwest and the mountains to the southeast. These mountains are about 2,400 km long and contain most of the highest peaks in the world. These mountains go east. These mountains are around 150 km broad in Arunachal Pradesh and around 400 km in Kashmir region. This physical separation extends to 5 km 4 of the three mountainous areas.
(9). How long and wide are the Himalayas?
Answer:
The Himalayas are a majestic mountain range more than 2,500 feet in the southern Indus Valley that passes through Nanga Parbat and western Namcha Barwa. Distance from 350 km west to 150 km east.
(10). What are the characteristics of Himadri?
Answer:
Himadri have following characteristics
- Himadri is the highest mountain range.
- The average altitude of Himadri range is 6000 metres.
- Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers originate in this region.
- Himadri range has a number of peaks above 8000 metres e.g. Kanchenjunga, Nandadevi etc.
(11). Note down the characteristics of Himachal region.
Answer:
Himachal have following characteristics
- Himachal situated to the south of the Himadri.
- Average altitude of Himachal is 3000 metres.
- In the southern slopes of this range hill stations like Shimla, Darjeeling etc. are situated.
(12). Point out the characteristics of Siwaliks.
Answer:
Siwaliks have following characteristics
- Siwaliks is situated to the south of the Himachal.
- The average altitude of Siwaliks is 1220 metres.
- The Himalayan rivers cut across this range, the continuity of rivers breaks here at many places.
- There are broad flat valleys exist in this range, known as Duns. E.g. Dehradun.
(13). What is Passes?
Answer:
Narrow natural passages over the mountain ranges. These comparatively narrow passages plays very important role in connecting the cultures from both sides of these mountain ranges.
(14). How many passes are there?
Answer:
There are four passes
- Lipu lekh connects Uttarkhand – Tibet
- Shipki la connects Himachal Pradesh – Tibet
- Soji la connects Srinagar – Kargil
- Nathu la connects Sikkim – Tibet
(15). Lipu lekh connect which places?
Answer:
Lipu lekh connects Uttarkhand and Tibet.
(16). Which places connected to Tibet through which passes?
Answer:
There are three places connected to Tibet, Uttarkhand through Lipu lekh pass, Himachal Pradesh through Shipki la pass and Sikkim through Nathu la pass.
(17). Which vegetation varieties prevalis in Himalaya?
Answer:
Oak, chestnut, maple etc. are prevalent at an altitude of 1000 to 2000 metres. Above 2000 metres altitude the coniferous threes like Deodar, spruce, etc are seen.
(18). Which region is known as Purvanchal?
Answer:
The region having an altitude of 500 to 3000 metres is known as Purvanchal.
(19). Which place receives highest rainfall in the world?
Answer:
Cherrapunji is the place receives highest rainfall in the world.
(20). What is the major means of livelihood in Himalaya?
Answer:
Animal rearing is the major means of livelihood in Himalaya
(21). What type of forest can be found in Cherrapunji?
Answer:
Cherrapunji receives highest rainfall so this place is covered with dense tropical rainforests.
(22). Major means of livelihood in Himalaya depends on what?
Answer:
The major means of livelihood in Himalaya is animal rearing and animal rearing is completely depends on grasslands in Himalaya.
(23). What cultivated in Himalaya?
Answer:
Potato, barley, saffron, fruits like apple and orange are cultivated in Himalaya. A large amount of tea in India cultivated in Assam mountain ranges.
(24). Which region is known as paradise of tourist and why?
Answer:
The northern mountains are described as the paradise of tourist because of its natural beauty, Shimla, Darjeeling, Kulu, Manali, etc. are located in this region.
(25). What is the significance of the Northern Mountains?
Answer:
Northern Mountains plays a vital role in forming the climate and the human life of Indians. Let’s check out some of them
- Northern Mountains are protecting India from foreign invasions from north side from ancient times.
- Northern Mountains blocks the monsoon winds hence North India receives rainfall.
- Northern Mountains blocks the dry cold winds which blows from the North and enters in India during winter.
- Northern Mountains caused the diversity of flora and fauna.
- Northern Mountains are the source of rivers.
(26). What is the source of fresh water in the Himalaya?
Answer:
The snow covered mountains, and glaciers are source of fresh water in Himalaya.
(27). Which rivers are known as Himalayan rivers and why?
Answer:
The snow-capped peaks and Himalayan glaciers are a rich source of fresh water. Many large rivers flow through melting snow. These rivers are known as the Himalayas. They are also enriched by heavy rains along the valley. Indus river, Ganga river and Bramhaputra are Major Himalayan Rivers.
(28). Name major Himalayan Rivers.
Answer:
Indus River, Ganga River and Bramhaputra River are Major Himalayan Rivers.
(29). Where the Indus River originates?
Answer:
Indus River originates at Manasarovar lake in Tibet.
(30). What is the length of Indus River?
Answer:
Indus river is about 2880 km long from which only 709 km flows through India.
(31). Indus River joins which sea?
Answer:
Indus River joins Arabian Sea.
(32). Where the Ganga River originate?
Answer:
Ganga River originates at Gaumugh caves in the Gangothri glacier.
(33). What is the length of Ganga River?
Answer:
Ganga river is about 2500 km long.
(34). Which sea Ganga River joins?
Answer:
Ganga River joins Bay of Bengal.
(35). Write a note on Brahmputra.
Answer:
Brahmputra River originates at Chema-yung-dung glacier in Tibet. This river is around 2900 km long from which 725 km is in India. This river joins Bay of Bengal at the end.
(36). What are the tributaries of Indus River, Ganga River and Brahmputra River?
Answer:
The tributaries of Indus River, Ganga River and Brahmputra River is Jhelum, Yamuna and Tista respectively.
(37). What is plain and how it forms?
Answer:
During the formation of the Himalayas, along the southern path with the Himalayas, a great depression of more than 2000 meters arose. This vast plain was created as a result of the continuous deposition of rivers that flow from the Himalayas for thousands of years. Stretching for seven lakh square miles and containing many thousands of thick sediments, this plain is one of the few gigantic alluvial plains in the world. This plain is commonly called Indus-Ganga-Brahmaputra. Very fertile alluvial soils are a feature of the plain.
(37). Which region known as the granary of India?
Answer:
Many crops like wheat, sugarcane, pulses, maize, rice, cotton etc are cultivated in the Northern Great plain. Hence this plain is known as granary of India. This plain densely populated.
(38). Which regions are known as Thar Desert?
Answer:
To the western parts of the northern plains there is scarce of rainfall. That is the reason of the desert in Rajasthan, this desert region called Thar Desert.
(39). Which are the main crops of Rajasthan?
Answer:
Primarily Jowar, Bajra etc. are cultivated in Rajasthan. The reason of cultivating these crop is it requires very little amount of water to grow. The cultivation is done with the help of irrigation.
(40). What are the primary crops of Punjab plain?
Answer:
The Punjab plain is formed by deposition of the Indus and its tributaries. The primary crops of Punjab plain are maize, wheat and sugarcane.
(41). How Peninsular Plateau forms?
Answer:
The peninsular Plateau is nothing but the old and hard crystalline rock. This big rock has done big physical division of India.
(42). Where in India the Peninsular Plateau can be found?
Answer:
Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand along with Karnataka, West Bengal, Telangana, Odisha, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra this entire region is known as the Peninsular Plateau.
(43). Note down the span of the Peninsular Plateau.
Answer:
The span of this Peninsular Plateau is around 15 lack square kilometres. This Plateau comprises different topographies like it has mountains, plateaus and valleys. In the Idukki district of Kerala the highest peak of this region known as Anamudi (2695 m) me located.
(44). What is the vegetation of peninsular plateau?
Answer:
Majority of the vegetation of this region is depends on the rain. Sal, Bamboo, Teak, Sandalwood etc. can be seen in this region. As you go western slope of western Ghats, you will found tropical rain forests.
(45). Write a note on Deccan Plateau.
Answer:
A big part of the Peninsular Plateau is Deccan Plateau. This Deccan plateau is the southern part of the peninsular plateau. This pas was formed by the cooling of lava, millions year ago, the lava was spread over the region. This region is well known for Black soil made of igneous rocks, named basalt. This soil is suitable for cotton cultivation hence known as black cotton soil. Red soil is also found in this region which formed due to weathering of igneous and metamorphic rocks. Red soil is less fertile as compared to cotton soil. Due to iron in the soil, the soil is red. Sporadic heat due to seasons and monsoon rain produce laterite soil.
(46). Which rivers known as Peninsular Rivers?
Answer:
Peninsular Rivers are the rivers which originate from the elevated area of the peninsular plateau. These rivers are depends of rain, summer reduces water in these rivers.
(47). Which is the longest Peninsular River?
Answer:
Godavari is the longest Peninsular River.
(48). What s the height of Jog falls?
Answer:
The height of Jog Falls is 225 metres.
(49). Where the Jog Falls is located?
Answer:
The Jog Falls is located in the Shravathi River in Karnataka.
(50). Write the differences between the Himalayan River and Peninsular River.
Answer:
Himalayan Rivers | Peninsular Rivers |
Himalayan Rivers originates from the Himalayan mountain ranges. | Peninsular Rivers originates from the mountain ranges in the Peninsular Plateau. |
Himalayan area is larger for catchment. | Peninsular area for catchment is comparative small. |
In Himalayan River there is a large amount of erosion takes place. | In Peninsular Rivers erosion is comparatively less. |
Himalayan rivers creates gorges in the mountain region and meander in plains. | Peninsular river doesn’t create deep valley as they flow through hard and resistant rocks. |
Himalayan Rivers having high irrigation potential. | Peninsular rivers have less potential of irrigation. |
Himalayan rivers are navigable with the plains. | Peninsular rivers have less potential for inland navigation. |
(51). What are the major crops in Peninsular Plateau?
Answer:
Ragi, sugarcane, chilli, maize, cotton, groundnut, pulses etc. are major crops of this peninsular plateau.
(52). Which minerals can be found in the Peninsular Plateau?
Answer:
Limestone, Iron ore, bauxite, coal, manganese etc are found in the peninsular plateau.
(53). Which industries involved in the economic activities in this plateau?
Answer:
Agriculture based and mining and mineral based industries are involved in economic activities in this plateau.
(54). Write a note on Western coastal plain.
Answer:
Western coastal plain is between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghats. This plain is covers from the Rann of Kutchh to Kanyakumari. Western coastal plain is narrow as compared to Eastern coastal plain. This plain divided into Gujarat coast, Konkan coast and Malabar Coast. Backwaters and estuaries can be found hear.
(55). Write a note on Eastern Coastal plain.
Answer:
Eastern coastal plain is between the Bay of Bengal and the Eastern Ghats. This plain covers area from the Sundarban delta region to Kanyakumari. Eastern coastal plain is wide as compared to Western Coastal Plain. This plain can be divided into north Zircar plain and Coromandal Coast. Delta formation takes place in this plain.
(56). What is the main occupation of the people in the coastal plains?
Answer:
The main occupation of the people at the coastal plains is fishing. Apart from the fishing, tourism and agriculture are also part of livelihood.
(57). Which crops are taken in the Western coast?
Answer:
The major agricultural crops are rice and coconut in the western coast. The extensively cultivated crop in the basins of the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri is rice. Rice is also cultivated in the eastern coast.
(58.) Write a note on Lakshadweep islands?
Answer:
Lakshadweep is the islands which situated in the Arabian Sea, around 300 kilometres away from the shore of Kochi. In the Lakshadweep island group there are 36 islands and among them only 11 are inhabited. The major islands are Bangaram, Kilthan, Kadamath, Bithra, Minicoy, Chethlath, Kavarathi, Aminidivi, Agathi, Kalpeni, Androth. The capital of Lakshadweep is Kavarathi. The speciality of the Lakshadweep island group is lagoons, which is sandy beaches and coral reefs. People depends on sea for their sustenance, agriculture in this region is very sparse. The major source of income in this region is fishing and tourism.
(59). Write a note on Bay of Bengal?
Answer:
A groups of named Andaman and Nicobar situated in the Bay of Bengal. An Andaman group comprises around 200 islands and Nicobar group comprises 19 islands. Most of the islands are inhabited and having dense forests. Barren Island is part of Andaman Island where the only volcano of India situated. The Indira Point considered as the southern end of India, it is the southernmost tip of the Nicobar Islands. Port Blair is known as the capital of Andaman and Nicobar.
(60). Name the five major physiographic divisions of India.
Answer:
There are five major physiographic divisions of India,
- Northern Mountains,
- Great Northern Plains,
- Peninsular Plateau,
- Coastal Plains
(61). Which factors Influences climate?
Answer:
There are four factors influences the climate of India
- Latitude
- Physiography
- Nearness to sea
- Altitude
(62). How many seasons in India?
Answer:
There are four seasons in India
- Cold weather season
- Hot weather season
- Southwest monsoon season
- Retreating monsoon season
(63). Why North India experience extreme cold?
Answer:
When the sun is over the southern hemisphere India experience winter. Many places in India experience intense fog and snowfall in the valleys of the Himalayas.
(64). What is western disturbance?
Answer:
When the cyclones originating in the Mediterranean Sea during winter slowly shifts towards the east and reaches India. This cyclone causes winter rainfall in the northern plains, mainly Punjab region. This rain is good for the winter crops. Jet streams, the strong upper air currents in the troposphere plays vital role in bringing the western disturbance to India.
(65). What is the scenario of hot weather season in India?
Answer:
When the sun is over the northern hemisphere, India experiences hot weather. The place where the highest temperature of summer is felt is Barmer in western Rajasthan. Loo, mango showers etc are local winds of India during summer season.
(66). What is Kalbaisakhi?
Answer:
A heavy shower with thunder occurs in the West Bengal region during the hot weather season known as Kalbaisakhi. The characteristics of this rain are roaring winds and hailstones.
(67). In which season India experience the highest rainfall?
Answer:
Due to the southwest monsoon winds India experiences the highest rainfall in Southwest monsoon season.
(68). Write a note about Southwest monsoon season.
Answer:
North Indian regions feel intense low pressure when the sun is over the northern hemisphere. The oceans having high pressure, winds blows from high pressure to low pressure regions it means wind blows from the Indian Ocean to the Indian sub-continent. Due to Coriolis Effect the wind deflects and reaches India as a southwest monsoon winds.
(69). Why the Southwest monsoon winds classified into two parts?
Answer:
The shape of Indian peninsula is peculiar hence the Southwest monsoon winds classified into two parts
- Arabian Sea – This part of Southwest monsoon winds reaches the coast of Kerala by early June. This wind causes heavy rainfall in Kerala. Then it leads to the states of Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra and Gujarat and become a cause of rainfall in the western parts.
- Bay of Bengal – By absorbing good amount of moisture from the Bay of Bengal this part of monsoon head northward. After reaching West Bengal and crossing the Sundarban delta, the monsoon wind divided into two parts, one goes through the Brahmaputhra plain and reaches the north-eastern states and causes heavy rainfall. And the another branch go through Ganga plains which cause rainfall in West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh etc. This branch merges with the Arabian Sea monsoon winds in Punjab plains and blows towards north further, causing rainfall by the foothills of the Himalayas.
(70). Why Rajasthan has less rainfall?
Answer:
The monsoon branch which enters through Gujarat blows parallel to the Aravalli mountain ranges hence the Rajasthan gets less rainfall.
(71). What is retreating monsoon season?
Answer:
As the sun shifts in the direction of the southern hemisphere, it creates high pressure on the northern plains at this point there is comparatively low pressure on Indian Ocean that causes wind to blow from the northern part of India to the Indian Ocean. These winds called northeast monsoon winds. A northeast monsoon wind is normally dry and doesn’t cause rain in India. This season is the conversion period of between the rainy season and the fourth coming winter. The period of this season is October and November, in these days temperature and humidity increases unbearably high, this process known as October heat. Wind gusts from the ground to the sea due to low pressure attract the Bay of Bengal northeast and southwest. It absorbs moisture from the Bay of Bengal and creates rain on the coast of Coromandal, especially the coast of Tamil Nadu. This is the main rainy season of Tamil Nadu, Kerala and some parts of Karnataka getting north-eastern rainy season