KSEEB Karnataka SSLC Solution Class 10 English First Language – What Is Moral Action ?
Board |
KSEEB (Karnataka Board) |
Exam |
SSLC (Class 10) |
Subject |
English |
Language |
1st Language |
Part |
1 |
Chapter |
5 |
Chapter Name |
What Is Moral Action? |
Topic and Notes |
Solution of Question Answer/ Study Material |
What Is Moral Action? Class 10 English SSLC Study Material / Notes / Question Answer
LESSON 5
WHAT IS MORAL ACTION ?
II.) COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS :
A.) Answer the following questions briefly:
1.) In paragraph one, Gandhiji says that our conventional behaviour is :
a.) immoral
b.) moral
c.) neither moral nor immoral
d.) necessary
e.) unnecessary
2.) What is non-moral action?
Answer: Non-moral actions do not necessarily involve morality. For the most part we act according to the prevailing conventions.
3.) What is the difference between a mechanical act and an intentional act?
Answer: A moral act must be our own act; must spring from our own will. If we act mechanically, there is no moral content in our act. Such action would be moral, if we think it proper to act like a machine and do so.
4.) Give an example each for conventional behaviour and a moral act.
Answer: Helping poor is an act of conventional behavior but when one helps the poor with the intention of making their lives better is a moral act.
5.) The first paragraph discusses what is not a moral action. The second paragraph gives one important criterion to decide what constitutes a moral action. What is that criterion?
Answer: A moral act must spring from our own will by use of our discrimination, this is the criteria.
6.) When can the messenger’s act become a moral action?
Answer: When the messenger, instead of mechanically delivering the order, does it considering it to be his duty, then his act become a moral action.
7.) When, according to Gandhi, can we regard ourselves to have stepped on to the moral road?
Answer: According to Gandhi, when we all care only for what our conscience says, then alone can we be regarded to have stepped on to the moral road.
8.) What is the belief that Gandhi talks of in paragraph 2?
Answer: According to Gandhi, we cannot be truly moral if we don’t believe and experience the belief that God within us, the God of all, is the ever present witness to all our acts.
9.) All good actions need not be moral acts. When does a good action become a moral act? (paragraph 3). Give an example.
Answer: A good action becomes a moral act when our intention is pure. A good action of feeding the poor will become a moral act only when there is intention of feeding them out of pity and not out of seeking prestige.
10.) In the example of feeding the poor, whose action is moral action?
Answer: A man who feeds the poor out of pity is moral action because he truly feels for the poor and wants to help them. When a man feeds the poor having an intension of winning prestige then his act is not moral action. He does that to gain prestige and has selfish motive behind it.
11.) The result of our action determines whether our action is moral or non-moral (say whether the statement is True or False)
False
12.) Why does Gandhi say that Alexander’s conquests cannot be called moral actions?
Answer: Gandhi says that Alexander’s conquests cannot be called moral actions because his intention behind all this was only conquest and renown.
13.) In each paragraph Gandhiji adds one criterion to consider an action moral. What criterion is added in paragraph 4?
Answer: According to Gandhiji, an action becomes moral when it is done voluntarily and from fear and compulsion.
14.) When does simple living become moral?
Answer: Simple living becomes moral when a man though wealthy, thinks of all the want and misery in the world about him and feels that he ought to live a plain, simple life and not one of ease and luxury.
15.) When does an employer’s action of paying higher salaries to his employees remain non-moral?
Answer: When the employer sympathizes with his employees or to pay them higher wages lest they leave him then his actions remain non-moral.
16.) When Gandhiji quotes Shakespeare (in paragraph 5), what argument does he want to strengthen?
Answer: By quoting Shakespeare Gandhiji wants to stress that any action even of showing love, done with profit motive is no love. Honesty should be restored to, not because it dies of best policy of all, but because it is the right policy.
17) Gandhiji mentions the name of Henry Clay as an example for moral/non-moral action. (Choose the right answer)
Answer: Non-moral action
18.) What qualities of Daniel Webster does Gandhiji mention?
Answer: Gandhiji mentioned Daniel’s qualities of great intellect and his sense of the heroic and the sublime
19.) What is the single mean act of Webster mentioned in paragraph 6?
Answer: Webster once sold his intellectual integrity for a price this is the single mean act of him.
20.) Why is it difficult to judge the morality of a man’s action?
Answer: It is to judge the morality of man’s action because we cannot penetrate the depths of his mind.
21.) What arguments does Gandhiji give to justify that a moral act should be free from fear and compulsion?
Answer: Gandhiji says that there is no morality in a person’s act if he rises early out of the fear that, if he is late for his office, he may lose in his situation. In the same way, there is no morality in living a simple and unpretentious life if he has not the means to live otherwise. s
22.) To sum up, an action becomes moral when an action: (Complete the following)
a.) springs from one’s will (paragraph 2)
b.) is done with good intention (from paragraph 3)
c.) is done without any fear or compulsion (from paragraph 4)
d.) has no self-interest behind it (from paragraph 5)
e.) is not done with expectations of benefit in the life after death (paragraph 6)
B.) Close Study :
Read the following extracts carefully. Discuss in pairs and then write the answers to the questions given below them.
1.) The great Saint Theresa wished to have a torch in her right hand and a vessel of water in her left so that with the one she might burn the glories of heaven and with the other extinguish the fires of hell, and men might learn to serve God from love alone without fear of hell and without temptation of heavenly bliss.
a.) Why did Saint Theresa hold a torch in her right hand?
Answer: Saint Theresa held a torch in her right hand because she wished to burn the glories of heaven.
b.) What does “a vessel of water” signify?
Answer: “A vessel of water” signifies that she wished to extinguish the fires of hell.
c.) What was her message to humanity?
Answer: Her message to all the humans is that to learn to serve God from love alone without fear of hell and without temptation of heavenly bliss.
2.) Wherever he went (in the course of his conquests), he took the Greek language and Greek culture, arts and manners, and today we enjoy the benefits of Greek civilization……. It was all right that he was termed “great”, but moral he cannot be called.
a.) Who does ‘he’ refer to?
Answer: “He” refers to the Greek Emperor, Alexander, the great.
b.) What is his contribution to mankind?
Answer: He took the Greek language and Greek culture, arts and manners to different parts of the world thereby empowering everyone to enjoy the benefits of Greek civilization.
c.) Why doesn’t Gandhi consider him moral?
Answer: Though he travelled to various parts of the world but the motive behind his action was only conquest and renown.
III.) PARAGRAPH WRITING :
Discuss in pairs/groups of four each the answers to the following questions. Individually, note down the important points for each question and then develop the points into one-paragraph answers.
1.) Write on Mahatma Gandhi’s comments on action prompted by motive of happiness in another world.
Answer: According to Gandhi, action done for the considerations of comfort and personal happiness in another world is non-moral. That action is moral which is done only for the sake of doing good. St. Francis Xavier, passionately prayed that his mind might always remain pure. For him devotion to God was not for enjoying a higher seat after death. He prayed because it was man’s duty to pray. The great Saint Theresa wished to have a torch in her right hand and a vessel of water in her left so that with the one she might burn the glories of heaven and with the other extinguish the fires of hell, and men might learn to serve God from love alone without fear of hell and without temptation of heavenly bliss. Talking about the great men and how their one non-moral act wiped off their all good deeds, he says that it is difficult to judge the morality of man’s action because we cannot penetrate the depths of his mind.
2.) Why does Gandhi say that a moral act should be done without compulsion?
Answer: According to Gandhi, moral act should be done without compulsion. He says that there is no morality whatever in any man’s act, if he rises early out of the fear that, if he is late for his office, he may lose his situation. Similarly there is no morality in my living a simple and unpretentious life if I have not the means to live otherwise. Plain, simple living would be moral if, though wealthy, a man thinks of all the want and misery in the world about him and feel that he ought to live a plain, simple life and not one of ease and luxury. Likewise it is only selfish, and not moral, of an employer to sympathize with his employees or to pay them higher wages lest they leave him. It would be moral if the employer wished well of them and treated them kindly realizing how he owed his prosperity to them.
IV.) VOCABULARY EXERCISES :
A.) Discuss in pairs the similarity or difference in meaning/usage between the following pairs of words (use a dictionary) :
i) say – To utter words in order to communicate information, an opinion, or a feeling
I want to say something
Tell – To communicate something to someone in spoken or written forms
You have to tell me the truth.
ii) moral – relating to the standards of good or bad behaviour, fairness, honesty, etc. that each person believes in, rather than to laws
It is your moral duty.
morale – the amount of confidence felt by a person or group of people, especially when in a dangerous or difficult situation
Her morale was down when she heard the news.
iii) custom – a way of behaving or a belief that has been established for a long time
We have a custom to wear white during festivals.
habit – Something that a person does often
I have habit of walking slow.
iv) between – used between two people
Keep this between you and me.
among –used for many people
Distributed these books among the children.
v) enough – as much as is necessary; in the amount or to the degree needed
Do you have enough money?
Sufficient – enough to meet the needs of a situation or a proposed end
We have sufficient water.
vi) same – exactly like other
We have same dress.
similar – have some features same but not completely same
I have similar dress.
vii) culture –the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time
Our Indian culture is great.
civilisation – a relatively high level of cultural and technological development
The impact of European civilization on the lands they colonized
viii) rise –
raise
ix) sympathy – (an expression of) understanding and care for someone else’s suffering
I do have sympathy for her.
empathy – the ability to share someone else’s feelings or experiences by imagining what it would be like to be in that person’s situation
I have a certain empathy with you.
x) practice – action rather than thought or ideas
How do you intend to put these proposals into practice?
practise –to do or play something regularly or repeatedly in order to become skilled at it
She practices the guitar every day.
xi) pardon – to forgive someone for something they have said or done. This word is often used in polite expressions
Pardon my ignorance, what is macro economics?
forgive – to stop blaming or being angry with someone for something that person has done, or not punish them for something
Can you forgive me?
excuse – to forgive someone
Please excuse me for being late today.
xii) mistake – something that is incorrect
I made a mistake.
error- a mistake made in speech or writing
She made lot of errors in her speech.
blunder – a serious mistake, usually caused by not taking care or thinking
I made a blunder by getting his name wrong.
xiii) conscience – the part of you that judges how moral your own actions are and makes you feel guilty about bad things that you have done or things you feel responsible for
you should have a clear conscience.
consciousness – the state of understanding and realizing something
The children have no consciousness of being different
conscientious – putting a lot of effort into your work
He is a conscientious student.
Give one-word substitutes for the following :
The absence of government –Anarchy
A story that gives a moral – Fable
One who takes delight in the suffering of others –Sadist
Making atonement for one’s sins – Penitent
A decision which cannot be changed – Irrevocable
Arrange the jumbled sentences in a logical sequence and develop them into a coherent paragraph: (Identify the topic sentence and supporting sentences).
Mother Teresa who was known for her compassion and humanity, was born in 1910. (TS). She worked in the slums of Calcutta. (SS) She founded the Missionaries of Charity in 1950 and rendered yeoman service to humankind. (SS) She was honored with the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 and the Bharat Ratna in 1980. (SS). She passed away on 05 September 1997. (SS) In the beatification ceremony in 2003, she was given the title of the ‘blessed.’ (CS)
Note- making
Louis Pasteur
- Born in a little French country town
- Keen interest in chemistry since young age
- Professor of Chemistry at Strasburg in Alsace
- His wife- closest companion and assistant
- Always wanted to do new experiments and solve problems
- Sit quiet and motionless to think over the problem
- Would share his solution to his wife and those who helped him.
IX.) GRAMMAR REVISITED:
A.) Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verbs (present simple, continuous or perfect) given in brackets.
1.) Sachin plays great innings. (play)
2.) “Look ! He is going there (go). I see him walking this side every day (see)”. “Yes, I too have seen him many times here” (see).
3.) “Have you finished reading the book I gave you?” “No, still I am reading it (read). I have read only half of it” (read).
4.) “Where are you going ?” “I going to school. (go) The H.M. has asked to meet her” (ask).
5.) My sister is studying medicine (study). She has completed 4 years already (complete).
6.) “Are you both still eating?” “No, I have finished mine ( finish) but Pankais eating still” (eat).
7.) Prices are going up (go) and it is very difficult to make both ends meet (be).
8.) Look ! That light has been burning all night (burn).
9.) He has been writing the essay for the last two days (write) but he hasn’t completed it yet (not complete).
10.) Ramesh has been studying in the same class for the last three years (study).
B.) Choose the most appropriate form of the verbs given in brackets and fill in the blanks:
1.) I lit (light) the lamp at 5 and it was burning (burn) brightly when Hari came in at 7.
2.) I was making (make) coffee when the light went (go) out.
3.) I didn’t want (not want) to meet Aziz, so when he entered the room Ileft. (leave).
4.) The car had nobody in it, but the engine was running.(run).
5.) My friend and I were talking(talk) about you the other day.
6.) She suddenly realized (realize) that shewas travelling (travel) in the wrong direction.
7.) When I was looking (look) for my pass book, Ifound (find) this old photograph.
8.) “How did you damage (damage) your car so badly?” “I ran (run) into a lamp post yesterday.”
9.) As Iwas crossing (cross) the road, I stepped (step) on a banana skin and fell (fall) heavily.
10.) While the guests were watching(watch T.V), thievesbroke (break) into the house and stole (steal) a lot of gold.
11.) He discovered(discover) to his horror that his child had swallowed(swallow) a coin.
12.) The little girl asked(ask), what had happened (happen) to her ice cream.
13.) It was (be) the mad man who did (do) the killing.
14.) Before I reached (reach) the class, the teacher had begun(begin) the lesson.
15.) When Ireached (reach) the bus stop, Iwas told (tell) that the bus left(leave) already.
16.) The test was (be) much easier than I had thought(think) first.
17.) He refused (refuse) to admit that he had stolen(steal) the mobile.
18.) He gave (give) me back the book, thanked (thank) me for lending it to him and said (say) that he had enjoyed(enjoy) it very much; but I knew (know) that he had not read (not read) it because most of the pages were (be) still uncut.
19.) I thought (think) my trainwould leave (leave) at 2 and was (be) very disappointed when I arrived (arrive) at 1-45 and learned (learn) that it had just left (leave). I found later that Ihad used (use) an out-of-date timetable.
20.) A woman came (come) in with a baby, who shesaid (say) just had swallowed (swallow) a safety pin.
C.) Supply the correct Past tense:
When the old lady returned to her flat she saw at once that burglars had broken in during her absence, because the front door was open and everything in the flat was upside down. The burglars themselves were no longer there, but they probably only just left because a cigarette was still burning on an ornamental table. Probably they had heard the lift coming up and randown the fire escape. They had helpedthemselves to her whisky too but therewas a little left, so she poured herself out a drink. She wondered if they had found her jewellery and rather hoped that they had. The jewellery had been given her by her husband, who had died some years before. Since his death she had not had the heart to wear it, yet she had not liked to sell it. Now, it seemed that fate had taken the matter out of her hands; and certainly the insurance money would come in handy.
D.) Future Time
The word “Tense” refers to the form of the verb and not to time. In this sense, English has only two Tenses – Present and Past (come-came). But English has many ways of referring to future time with shades of difference in meaning.
Look at the following five sentences. Discuss in pairs and find out the difference in meaning:
My father will meet the H.M. tomorrow.Certain possibility
My father is meeting the H.M. tomorrow.Surety / fixed time-table
My father is going to meet the H.M. tomorrow. Fixed time-table/ no change
My father will be meeting the H.M. tomorrow.Not sure about the exact time.
My father meets the H.M. tomorrow. Already decided