Karnataka Board Class 9 Social Science History Chapter 19 Modern Europe Solution Exercise Question and Answer
I.) Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1.) Renaissance means _________________________.
2.) ______________ is called the father of Rennaissance.
3.) Followers of Martin Luther are _______________.
4.) The leader of the Counter Reformation movement was _______________.
5.) Founder of the spinning jenny machine was ________________.
Answer:-
1.) Rebirth
2.) Petrarch
3.) Protestants
4.) Ignatius Loyola
5.) James Hargreaves
II.) Answer the following questions by discussing with your group.
1.) What were the consequences of religious reformation?
Answer:-
- As a result of the religious reformation, the solidarity of Christian religion received a severe blow. Christianity was divided into three sects: Catholic church, Orthodox church and Protestant church.
- Many of the European kings got liberated from the hold of the Church and the Pope.
- Religious reformation led to rise of nationalism.
- The confiscated wealth of the Church was utilized for the economic development.
- Patriotic feelings became strong and the kings of Europe developed religious tolerance.
- Due to this movement, the literary field saw progress. Local languages influenced the European minds.
- The Catholic church itself underwent reformation and this came to be known as “Counter Reformation”.
2.) What were the reasons for geographical explorations?
Answer:-
Reasons for geographical explorations:
- The trade gates between east and west were opened when the Turks conquered the city of Constantinople in 1453. The greater share of the profits from importing spices went to Turks from India. Due to this, the Europeans faced the inevitability of finding a new sea route to India.
- Spain and Portugal were ambitious in competing with Arabs in sea trade.
- The possibility of spreading Christianity was opened with discovery of new countries
- European curiosity was roused by the adventurous nature of sea voyage towards eastern countries.
3.) Which are the water-colour paintings of Leonardo da Vinci?
Answer:-‘Last Supper’ and ‘Monalisa’, Raphael’s ‘Sistine Madonna’ and Titian’s ‘Assumption of the Virgin’ were the famous paintings of Leonardo da Vinci.
4.) Explain the development of literature in the period of Renaissance with an Example.
Answer:-
- Many articles were written about the human body, voice and other subjects. Instead of Latin, many of the regional European languages came to be used in daily life.
- Petrarch is known as the ‘Father of Renaissance’. He collected about 200 Latin and Greek manuscripts. ‘Africa’ is his famous poem.
- Bocacchio wrote A collection of 100 stories called ‘Decameron’ in Italian, and Dante wrote the famous work ‘Divine Comedy’, Chaucer of England wrote ‘Canterbury Tales’, Cervantes of Spain wrote Don Hotteand Utopia written by Thomas More of England are all notable works.
- William Shakespeare was an excellent poet and dramatist. He wrote numerous tragedies and comedies. St.Paul School, established in London, was dedicated to the acquisition of this new knowledge.
5.) Describe the effects of Industrial Revolution.
Answer:-
- Demand for machines grew due to the innumerable changes in industries. Many changes took place in economic as well as social fields.
- New factories were established. The essential products were available at a low price as the cost of production came down.
- Cottage industries could not compete with the giant factories and, thus, they collapsed.
- The rich became richer and the poor remained poor. People had to shift from villages to towns.
- A capitalist class emerged in society. Hostilities developed between the owners and the workers, and class conflict began.
IV.) Projects :
2.) List out the names of scientists and their discoveries.
4.) Make a list of discoveries of the Indian scientists who lived before the time of European scientists.
Answer :-
Aryabhatta : he is famous mathematician who discovered zero
Kanad : invented atomic theory of Veseshik philosophy
Charak: called the father of ayurvedic medicine and Susruta the father of surgery in ancient India