Karnataka Board Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 31 Labour and Employment Solution Exercise Question and Answer
Karnataka Board Class 9 Social Science
I.) Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1) The famous book of Admsmith is __________ .
2) Abolition of bonded labour act was passed in the year ________.
3) When the marginal productivits of a labour is Zero is know as ________.
4) Division of labour increases __________.
5) Abolition of child labour act was passed in the year ________.
Answer :-
1.) father of economics.
2.) 1976
3.) Disguised unemployment
4.) huge profits
5.) 1986
II.) Discuss in groups and answer the following.
1) What is meant by division of labour ?
Answer:-Division of Labour is as old as mankind. Even in the life of Primitive man, we find an elementary division of Labour between man and woman. Man hunted ,fished and go for work while the woman cooked, made clothes and looked after the house and children.
2) What is meant by child labour ?
Answer:-The children working below the age of 14 years to work is called child Labour.
3) Define unemployment.
Answer :-An unemployed is one who is willing to work at the prevailing market rate, but still does not get the work.
4) Explain the advantages of division of labour.
Answer:-
Advantages of Division of Labour :
1.) Efficiency of Labour : The basic advantage of division of Labour is that the efficiency of Labour increases.
2.) Quality of production : The increase in the efficiency of Labour leads not only to an increase in the quantity of output but also to an improvement in the quality of the produced goods and services.
3.) Profit : The increase in quantity and quality of output brings greater Profit.
4.) Average cost : The average cost of producing a commodity falls as Division of Labour increasesthe total output,then consumers get goods at cheap rate.
5.) Research and Development : Division of Labour at a longer period helps in research and innovation which leads to produce variety of new products.
5) List the disadvantages of division of labour.
Answer:-
Disadvantages of Division of Labour :
1.) Monotony of work :- Under division of Labour, a worker has to do the same job time and again for years together. Therefore; after some time, the worker feels bored.
2.) Lack of responsibility :- If the quality of the product is not up to the expected level, none can be held responsible
3.) Increased dependence:- When the production is divided up in to a number of process and each part is performed by different workers, it may lead to dependence among workers.
4.) Unemployment:- Division of Labour leads to specialization. A worker instead of completing the whole article is specialized in making a small part of it. If he/she is removed from the job, he/she has to look for a job which is of the same type
5.) Class conflict :- Division of Labour facilitates large scale production which helps the producers to earn huge profits. The producers thus become rich by paying less wages to the workers. This divides the society into haves and have nots (rich and poor).
6) State the meaning of productive and unproductive labour.
Answer :-
- Productive Labour : Productive Labour is that which creates some utility or which has undergone for earning an income. The anti social activities are not considered productive Labour because they try to rob the wealth of others.
- Reproductive Labour : The work at domestic place, at house Is Reproductive Labour. It can also be called as Domestic Labour. It is unpaid work, performed by women in home. Child rearing and caring, cleaning, cooking etc. are the examples for reproductive labour. Domestic labour is labeled with in a feminine gendered sphere and recognized as the basis for inequality between male and female.
7) What are the types of unemployment ?
Answer :-
Types of Unemployment:
1.) Rural Unemployment
- Disguised Unemployment
- Seasonal Unemployment
2.) Urban Unemployment
- Industrial Unemployment
- Educated Unemployment
8) Identify the differences between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment.
Answer :-
In Disguised unemployment is where no requirement of manpower in actual state and in which the marginal productivity of some workers are zero.
Example:- suppose four persons are working in a family farm which is properly organized and if two more workers are employed on the same farm and if there is no change in output
Where as Seasonal unemployment is where the employment is only for a certain period of time in a year and rest of the year there is unemployment.
Example:- Agricultural labourers find work only during the busy seasons, i.e., sowing, harvesting, weeding and threshing
IV.) Projects :
1) Prepare a project on different types of unemployment and state its position in todays India
Answer :-
Types of Unemployment:
1.) Rural Unemployment
a) Disguised Unemployment
b) Seasonal Unemployment
2.) Urban Unemployment
a) Industrial Unemployment
b) Educated Unemployment
Other types of unemployment :
1.) Frictional unemployment
2.) Casual unemployment
3.) Structural unemployment
4.) Cyclical unemployment
5.) Technical unemployment
6.) Chronicle unemployment
An unemployed is one who is willing to work at the prevailing market rate, but still does not get the work.
Due this unemployment the effect on individuals are mental stress, loss of self esteem, direct linked to the poverty
The social level effects are civil unrest and problems in law and orders.
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