Karnataka State Board Social Science Geography Class 8 Chapter 2 Lithosphere Exercise Question and Answer.
EXERCISES-
I Fill in the blanks with suitable words :
1.) The continental crust is also called Sail .
2.) Vast basin shaped volcanic mouth is Caldera.
3.) The most destructive earthquake waves are Surface Waves .
4.) Stalactities and Stalagmites are most common in Australia.
5.) The Beaches are formed by sea wave work.
II) Answer the following questions :
1.) Mention the three major layers of the interior of the Earth
Answer – The three major layers of the Interior of the Earth are
a) The Mantle
b) The Crust
c) The Core.
2.) Name the types of volcanoes on the basis of frequency of eruption.
Answer – The types of volcanoes on the basis of frequency of eruption are as follows,
a) Active Volcanoes
b) Dormant Volcanoes
c) Extinct Volcanoes.
3.) Mention the important earthquake zones of the world.
Answer – The Important Earthquake Zones are as follows,
1.) The Circum-Pacific Belt or Pacific Ring of Fire
2.) Mid-Atlantic Belt
3.) Mid-Continental Belt
4.) Important Islands
4.) What is weathering? Name the three main types of weathering.
Answer – Weathering is the wearing away or breaking down or gradual disintegration of rocks by agents (Temperature, rainfall, wind etc.) present in the atmosphere. Mechanical weathering, Chemical weathering, Biological weathering are three main types of weathering.
5.) Name the landforms associated with the work of river.
Answer – The important landforms associated with the underground water are Lapies, Sinkholes, Limestone caves, Stalactites, Stalagmites, Calcite pillar etc.
III.) Match the following :
A | B | Answer |
1. SIMA | a) Earthquake | Ocean Crust |
2. Sandstone | b) Yellow soil | Sedimentary rock |
3. Epicentre | c) Oceanic crust | Earthquakes |
4. Geyser | d) Sedimentary rock | Underground water |
5. Loess | e) Underground water | Yellow Soil |
IV Define the following :
1.) Aqueous rocks
Answer – Sedimentary rocks are also called as Aqueous rocks because they are formed in the water bodies (Lake, Sea and Ocean beds).
2.) ‘Pacific ring of fire’
Answer – Coastal margins of the Pacific Ocean consisting of Philippines, Japan, USA, Central America, South America.
3.) Mechanical weathering
Answer – When the rock is broken and disintegrated without any chemical alteration, the process is called Physical weathering or Mechanical weathering.
4.) Carbonaceous rocks
Answer – Organic sediments are those derived by the accumulation of remains of organisms, such as shells of marine organisms, remains of plants and animals eg., Limestone (Calcareous rocks) and Coal (Carbonaceous rocks).
5.) Tsunami
Answer – Tsunami is a large sea wave occasionally experienced along the coasts of Japan and in other regions caused by an underwater earthquake. In Japanese language ‘Tsunami’ means ‘harbour waves’.
6.) Continental glacie
Answer – Continental glaciers are extensive ice sheets found in polar regions eg., Greenland and Antarctica.
7.) Hot spring
Answer – Whenever warm or hot water comes out naturally it is called hot spring or thermal spring. They are usually found near the volcanic regions.
8.) Carbonaceous rocks
Answer – Organic sediments are those derived by the accumulation of remains of organisms, such as shells of marine organisms, remains of plants and animals eg., Limestone (Calcareous rocks) and Coal (Carbonaceous rocks).
(1) .The continental crust is also called ________ . – SIAL
(2) .A large basin shaped crater is called _______ . – Caldera
(3). The most destructive earthquake waves are _____ . – Tsunami
(5) The Beaches are formed by the work of _______ . – Sea wave
II. (1.) Mention the three major layers of the interior of the Earth.
Ans: – There are three major layers in the earth Interior.
They are –
(i) The crust
(ii) The mantle
(iii) The core.
(2). Name the types of volcanoes on the basis of frequency of eruption.
Ans: – On the basis of the periodicity or frequency of the eruption volcano are classified into three types like –
(i) Active volcanoes
(ii) Dormant volcanoes
(iii) Extinct Volcanoes.
(3). Mention the important earthquake zones of the world.
Ans:- Earthquake Zones:
(i) The circular Pacific Belt:
Region around the Pacific Ocean like New Zeland, Philippines, Japan, USA, Peru etc.
(ii) The Mediterranean Sea:
Region like the Mediterranean Sea
(iii) The Himalayan Belt:
The Siwalik region of India.
(4). What is weathering? Name the three main types of weathering.
Ans: – Weathering is the wearing away or breaking down or gradual disintegration rocks by agents (temperature, rain fall, wind etc) present in the atmosphere .
There are three types of weathering
(i) Mechanical weathering like – wind, forest etc.
(ii) Chemical weathering like – solution, carbonation
(iii) Biological weathering like – growthing roots, mining etc.
(5). Name the landforms associated with the work of river.
Ans:- the river forms different landmarks in three stages of its course –
These are –
(i) The upper course:
Gorges, canyons, V shaped valleys, waterfalls.
(ii) The Middle course:
Alluvial fens, Meanders.
(iii) The lower course:
Flood plains, Natural levees, Ox-bow lakes, Deltas.
III. Match the following:
Define the following:
(1). Aqueous rocks:- The rock which are formed in the water bodies like lake sea and ocean called Aqueous rock
(2). Seismology:- The scientific study of earthquakes is called seismology.
(3). Mechanical weathering:- When the rock is broken and disintegrated without any chemical alteration, this process is called Mechanical weathering like wind, forst.
(4). External forces:- External forces are natures force which we can see by our own eyes like waves, wind power, volcano, water power etc.
(5). Tsunami:- Tsunami is a large sea waves , Occasionally experienced along the coast of Japan and in other region caused by an underwater earthquake.
(6). Continental glacier:- Continental glacier are extensive ice sheets formed in polar regions – like Greenland and Antarctica .
(7). Spring: – A spring is a place where the underground water comes out naturally.
Terms to remember:
(1). NIFE:- It is a earth layer of made by nickel and ferrous .
(2). Arenaceous and Argillaceous rocks:- Rocks built up by fragment of pre existing rock which have been produced by the process of weathering and erosion. Sand stone are called Arenaceous and shale called Argillaceous Rock.
(3). Tectonic forces:- The earth crust consists of many major and minor plates. This is the tectonic plates and its force called tectonic force.
(4). Mountain glacier:- The glacier found in the polar regions are called Mountain glacier .
(5). Aeolian cycle: – X
(6). Beaches: – The important land forms associated with sea waves