Important Questions for Class 12 Biology 15th Chapter Biodiversity and Conservation MCQ, Very Short, Short Type, Long Type
CBSE Class 12 Important Questions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 15 Biodiversity and Conservation all MCQ Type, Very Short Type, Assertion Reason Type, Case Study, Short Type and Long Type Questions with Answers by Expert. Important Questions for Section A, B, C, D Class 12 Biology Chapter 15.
MCQs
(1) Assertion: In Ex situ Conservation threatened animals and plants are taken out from their natural habitat and placed in special setting where they can be protected and given special care.
Reason: examples are biosphere reserves, national parks and wildlife sanctuaries
a.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
b.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c.) If assertion is true but the reason is false.
d.) If both assertion and reason are false.
2) Species unique to that area and not found elsewhere are
Endemic species
Epidemic species
Pandemic species
Exotic species
(3) Assertion: Alpha diversity for a species is diversity between 2 given community or habitat.
Reason: Alpha diversity does not depend on species richness and species evenness in that community habitat.
a.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
b.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c.) If assertion is true but the reason is false.
d.) If both assertion and reason are false.
(4) Assertion: Tropical latitudes have greater biological diversity
Reason: Tropical latitudes in the past were unaffected for millions of years, allowing species to thrive.
a.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
b.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c.) If assertion is true but the reason is false.
d.) If both assertion and reason are false
(5) Introduction to alien species cause
(a) Extinction of indigenous species.
b) Provides ecosystem services
c) Enrich the biodiversity
d) All the above
(6) The narrowly utilitarian arguments for conserving biodiversity except
a.) economic benefits
b.)ecosystem services
c.) products of medicinal importance
d.) industrial products
7.) Choose the incorrect statement
(a) Rare and endangered species are enlisted in red data book
(b) Zoological parks, botanical gardens and wildlife safari parks serve as in situ conservation
(c) Species richness is ecological function of the area of a region
(d) the species-area relationship is generally a rectangular hyperbolic function.
8.) ——- refers to the sum total of diversity that exists at all levels of biological organization.
a.) hotspots
b.)biodiversity
c.) bioaccumulation
d.) biomagnification
9.) Assertion: When a host fish species becomes extinct, its unique assemblage of parasites also meets the same fate
Reason: When a species becomes extinct, the plant and animal species associated with it in an obligatory way also become extinct.
a.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
b.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c.) If assertion is true but the reason is false.
d.) If both assertion and reason are false
10.) When considering Species-Area relationships, the relation between species richness and area for a wide variety of taxa to be
a.) Parabola
b.) Linear
c.)Rectangular hyperbola
d.) Sigmoidal
- Answer in one sentence
Q.1) Why is conventional taxonomy not useful for measuring diversity in prokaryotic organisms.
Ans. The issue is that traditional taxonomic approaches are ineffective for identifying microbial taxa, and many species are simply not culturable in the lab. If one use biochemical or molecular criteria to identify species in this group, their diversity alone could be in the millions.
Q.2) Define: Ex situ Conservation
Ans. In this method, endangered animals and plants are evacuated from their native habitat and placed in a unique environment where they can be preserved and cared for.
Q.3) State the causes of habitat loss and fragmentation.
Ans. Extinction rates are currently high because to habitat loss and fragmentation (especially in forests), over-exploitation, biological invasions, and co-extinctions.
Q.4) Name the 3 hotspots near our country.
Ans. Three hotspots — Western Ghats and Sri Lanka, Indo-Burma, and Himalaya – encompass our country’s most biodiverse areas.
Q.5) Differentiate between Species richness and evenness
Ans. Species richness refers to the number of species per unit area. Species evenness or equitability is measured by the number of individuals of various species.
- Answer in short
Q.1) Enlist reasons for high diversity of living organisms are seen in the tropics as compared to temperate or polar regions
Ans. (a)Tropical latitudes, unlike temperate regions that have been subjected to frequent glaciations in the past, have remained relatively undisturbed for millions of years, providing a long evolutionary time for species diversification
(b) Tropical environments, unlike temperate ones, are less seasonal, relatively more constant, and predictable. Such stable settings foster niche specialization and increase species diversity
(c) In the tropics, there is more solar energy available, which adds to increased productivity, which in turn may contribute to greater diversity indirectly.
Q.2) Short note: over exploitation of natural resources.
Ans. 1.) Humans have always relied on nature for food and shelter, but when “need” becomes “greed,” natural resources are over-exploited.
2.) Many species extinctions in the last 500 years have been caused by human overexploitation (Steller’s sea cow, passenger pigeon, etc.).
3.) Many marine fish populations throughout the world are currently overfished, putting the survival of certain commercially significant species in jeopardy.
Q.3) Describe Species-Area relationships.
Ans. 1.) For a wide range of taxa (angiosperm plants, birds, bats, freshwater fishes), the relationship between species richness and area is rectangular hyperbola.
2.) The relationship is a straight line on a logarithmic scale, as defined by the equation log. S = Z log A + log C
Q.4) State latitudinal gradient in richness as a pattern in diversity.
Ans. 1.) Plant and animal variety is not uniformly distributed around the earth, but rather has a somewhat uneven distribution.
2.) There are intriguing patterns in diversity for many groups of animals or plants, the most well-known of which being the latitudinal gradient in richness.
3.) As one move away from the equator and toward the poles, species diversity declines.
- Answer in brief
Q.1) State the different levels of biodiversity.
Ans. The different levels of biodiversity are as follows:
i) Genetic diversity: A single species’ genetic diversity may be high over its distributional span. The intensity and concentration of the active chemical (reserpine) produced by the medicinal plant Rauwolfia vomitoria growing in different Himalayan ranges may be affected by genetic diversity. India has around 50,000 genetically distinct rice strains and 1,000 mango kinds.
ii) Species Diversity: At the species level, the Western Ghats, for example, contain more amphibian species variety than the Eastern Ghats.
iii) Ecological diversity: India, for example, has more ecological diversity than a Scandinavian country like Norway, thanks to its deserts, rain forests, mangroves, coral reefs, marshes, estuaries, and alpine meadows.
Q.2) Using explain how introduction of alien species causes loss of biodiversity.
Ans. 1.) When foreign species are introduced, whether accidentally or on purpose, some of them become invasive and cause the decline or extinction of native species.
2) The introduction of the Nile perch into East Africa’s Lake Victoria resulted in the demise of an ecologically unique assemblage of over 200 species of cichlid fish in the lake.
3) Invasive weed species such as carrot grass (Parthenium), Lantana, and water hyacinth cause environmental damage and pose a threat to our natural species (Eicchornia).
4.) The unlawful import of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus for aquaculture reasons has put native catfish in rivers at jeopardy.
Q.3) Explain In-situ conservation in India
Ans. 1.) Biosphere reserves, national parks, and sanctuaries are constitutionally protected environmentally distinctive and biodiversity-rich locations in India.
2.) There are now 14 biosphere reserves in India, as well as 90 national parks and 448 wildlife sanctuaries.
3.) India has a long history of religious and cultural traditions emphasising environmental preservation.
4.) Many societies set aside large swaths of forest, and all of the trees and fauna within were revered and given complete protection.
5.) The Khasi and Jaintia Hills in Meghalaya, the Aravalli Hills in Rajasthan, the Western Ghat regions of Karnataka and Maharashtra, and the Sarguja, Chanda, and Bastar districts of Madhya Pradesh all include sacred groves.
6.) The sacred groves of Meghalaya are the last refuges for a vast number of rare and endangered flora.