Important Questions Class 12 Biology Chapter 12 Biotechnology and its Applications

Important Questions for Class 12 Biology 12th Chapter Biotechnology and its Applications MCQ, Very Short, Short Type, Long Type

CBSE Class 12 Important Questions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 12 Biotechnology and its Applications all MCQ Type, Very Short Type, Assertion Reason Type, Case Study, Short Type and Long Type Questions with Answers by Expert. Important Questions for Section A, B, C, D Class 12 Biology Chapter 12.

MCQs

1.) Flavr Savr is genetically modified

a) Potato

b) Tomato

c) Insulin

d) All the above

2.) The collection of genetically similar organisms containg recombinant DNA are known as

a) Gene library

b) Gene pool

c) Genome sequence

d) All the above

3.) Decisions regarding the validity of GM research is taken by

a) Genomic Approval Committee

b) Genetic Engineering Approval Committee

c) Approval team for genetic research

d) Control and regulation board for transgenic animals

4.) The first used gene therapy was to cure disease called

a) HIV

b) adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency

c) Hepatitis B

d) Typhoid

5) Assertion: Insulin from an animal source can cause some patients to develop allergy or other types of reactions to the foreign protein.

Reason: prior to use of recombinant Insulin for diabetes, insulin was earlier extracted from pancreas of slaughtered cattle and pigs.

a.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.

b.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.

c.) If assertion is true but the reason is false.

d.) If both assertion and reason are false.

6) Bt toxin is coded by a genecalled

a) cryIAc

b) Bt

c) pox

d) gmo1

7) Assertion: A novel strategy was adopted to prevent nematode infestation which was based on the process of RNA interference (RNAi).

Reason: RNAi takes place in all Prokaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense

a.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.

b.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.

c.) If assertion is true but the reason is false.

d.) If both assertion and reason are false.

8) ________ is the term used to refer to the use of bio-resources by multinational companies and other organizations without proper authorization from the countries and people concerned without compensatory payment

a) Bioleaching

b) Biopiracy

c) GMO

d) Bioterrorism

9) Recombinant DNA technology uses________for improved products

a) Genetically Modified Organisms

B) Naturally occurring organisms

C) Both a and b

d) None of above

10.) Genetic modification includes

(i) made crops more tolerant to abiotic stresses (cold, drought, salt, heat).

(ii) reduced reliance on chemical pesticides (pest-resistant crops).

(iii) helped to reduce post-harvest losses.

(iv) all the above

  • Answer in one sentence

Q.1) Name some techniques used for early diagnosis of diseases.

Ans. the procedures used for early diagnosis include recombinant DNA technology, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA).

Q.2) How is ELISA used for diagnosis of infection?

Ans. The antigen-antibody interaction is principle of ELISA. The presence of antigens (proteins, glycoproteins, etc.) or antibodies synthesized against the pathogen can be used to detect pathogen infection.

Q.3) Define: Gene Therapy

Ans. The insertion of genes into an individual’s cells and tissues to treat diseases, particularly hereditary conditions, is known as gene therapy.

Q.4) State advantages of using genetically modified crops.

Ans. Yields have increased, postharvest losses have decreased, improved the nutritional value of foods and crops have become more stress resistant thanks to GM plants

  • Answer in short

Q.1) Explain the principle of Gene therapy

Ans. 1.) Gene therapy is a set of techniques for correcting a gene abnormality that has been identified in a child or embryo.

2.) To treat an illness, genes are injected into a person’s cells and tissues.

3.) The transfer of a normal gene into an individual or embryo to take over the function of a non-functional gene and compensate for it is the process of correcting a genetic abnormality.

Q.2) What is RNA interference?

Ans. RNAi is a cellular defense mechanism found in all eukaryotic organisms.

This method involves the silencing of a specific mRNA using a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to the mRNA and prevents it from being translated (silencing).

This complementary RNA could come from a virus with an RNA genome or from mobile genetic elements (transposons) that replicate through an RNA intermediary.

Q.3) Explain with example how are biological products from genetically modified organisms essential.

Ans.) Biological products can be found in medicines used to treat some human ailments, although they are frequently costly to produce.

Animals that are transgenic and provide beneficial products

The introduction of the part can be used to make biological products.

a piece of DNA (or genes) that codes for a certain product, such as α–1-antitrypsin is a human protein that is used to cure emphysema. Similar Treatment for phenylketonuria is being researched (PKU) as well as cystic fibrosis

Q.4) How are animals used in developing safe vaccines

Ans.) 1.) Transgenic mice are being developed to test vaccines for safety before they are used on humans.

2.) The safety of the polio vaccination is being tested using transgenic mice.

3.) scientists could eventually replace the use of monkeys to test the safety of vaccine batches if they are successful and proven to be dependable.

  • Answer in Brief

Q.1) State the importance of Genetically Modified Organisms.

Ans. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) are plants, bacteria, fungi, and mammals whose genes have been manipulated (GMO). GM plants have proven to be beneficial in a variety of ways. Genetic alteration has the following effects:

(ii) improved crop resistance to abiotic stressors like cold, drought, salt, heat.

(ii) a reduction in the use of chemical pesticides.

(iii) aided in the reduction of post-harvest losses.

(iv) improved mineral utilization efficiency by plants (this minimizes early mineral depletion).

(v) increased nutritional value of food, such as golden rice, which contains Vitamin ‘A’.  rice that has been enhanced.

Q.2) Explain biopiracy in brief.

Ans. 1.) Biopiracy is a word that refers to the utilization of bio-resources by multinational corporations and other organizations without sufficient permission from the governments and people involved, and without remuneration.

  1. The majority of developed countries are wealthy financially, yet they lack biodiversity and traditional wisdom.

3.The emerging and undeveloped worlds, on the other hand, are rich in biodiversity and traditional bio-resource knowledge.

  1. Traditional bio-resources expertise can be used to produce current applications and can also be used to save time, effort, and money during the commercialization process.

5.The injustice, insufficient reparation, and unequal benefit sharing between industrialized and developing countries are becoming increasingly apparent.

6.As a result, some countries are enacting legislation to restrict unlicensed exploitation of their bio-resources and traditional knowledge.

7.The Indian Parliament has approved the second amendment to the Indian Patents Bill, which addresses concerns such as patent terms, emergency measures, and research and development initiatives.

Q.3) How is genetically modified insulin obtained?

Ans.

  1. Insulin was previously isolated from the pancreas of killed cattle and pigs.
  2. Insulin derived from animals, on the other hand, has caused some individuals to develop allergies or other responses to the alien protein.
  3. Insulin is made up of two short polypeptide chains, chain A and chain B, connected by disulphide bridges.
  4. Insulin is synthesized as a pro-hormone in animals, including humans, that has an additional stretch called C peptide (like a pro-enzyme, the pro-hormone must be processed before it becomes a fully developed and functional hormone).
  5. This C peptide isn’t found in mature insulin and is eliminated throughout the process of turning it into insulin.
  6. The biggest issue in employing rDNA techniques to produce insulin was getting it assembled into a mature form.

Q.4) How are genetic disease ADA deficiency treated using gene therapy?

Ans. 1) Adenosine deaminase deficiency (ADA) is caused by the loss of the adenosine deaminase gene.

2) In some children, ADA deficiency can be treated with bone marrow transplantation; in others, it can be treated with enzyme replacement therapy, which involves injecting the patient with functioning ADA.

3) However, both of these techniques have the drawback of not being totally curative.

4) Lymphocytes from the patient’s blood are cultivated in a culture outside the body as a first step toward gene therapy.

5) The lymphocytes are then inoculated with a functioning ADA cDNA (through a retroviral vector) before being returned to the patient.

6) However, because these cells are not immortal, the patient will need to get infusions of genetically altered lymphocytes on a regular basis.

7) However, a lasting cure could be achieved if a gene isolate from marrow cells that produces ADA is injected into cells at an early embryonic stage.

Updated: April 2, 2022 — 2:18 pm

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