Important Questions for Class 11 Biology 19th Chapter Excretion, Excretory Products and their Elimination MCQ, Very Short, Short Type, Long Type
CBSE Class 11 Important Questions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 19 Excretion, Excretory Products and their Elimination all MCQ Type, Very Short Type, Assertion Reason Type, Case Study, Short Type and Long Type Questions with Answers by Expert. Important Questions for Section A, B, C, D Class 11 Biology Chapter 19.
(1) The excretory structures in Platyhelminthes are
(a) Protonephridia
(b) Malpighian tubules
(c) Antennal glands
(d) Kidneys
(2) Assertion: Atrial Natriuretic Factor acts as a check on the renin-angiotensin mechanism
Reason: ANF can cause vasodilation (dilation ofblood vessels) and thereby decrease the blood pressure
a.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
b.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c.) If assertion is true but the reason is false.
d.) If both assertion and reason are false.
(3) Assertion: Homeostasis maintains the stability of the cell environment
Reason: Liver is the organ responsible homeostasis and osmoregulation
a.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
b.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c.) If assertion is true but the reason is false.
d.) If both assertion and reason are false.
4.) Assertion: juxta medullary nephrons are situated in the renal cortex and consists of short loop of Henle.
Reason: juxta medullary nephrons control plasma volume when water supply is normal.
a.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
b.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c.) If assertion is true but the reason is false.
d.) If both assertion and reason are false.
5.) Heart releases _________
a.) angiotensin II
b.) aldosterone
c.) renin
d.) ANF
6.) Assertion: The primary function of sweat is to facilitate a coolingeffect on the body surface
Reason: Sweat produced by the sweatglands is a watery fluid containing NaCl, small amounts of urea, lacticacid, etc.
a.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
b.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c.) If assertion is true but the reason is false.
d.) If both assertion and reason are false.
7.) Concentration of urine occurs in
a.) DCT and PCT
b.) Henle’sloop and vasa recta
c.) Henle’sloop and collecting duct
d.) collecting duct and vasa recta
8.) Assertion: The ascending limb in loop of Henle isimpermeable to water but allows transport of electrolytes actively orpassively.
Reason: Hence, as the concentrated filtrate pass upward, it getsdiluted due to the passage of electrolytes to the medullary fluid.
a.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
b.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c.) If assertion is true but the reason is false.
d.) If both assertion and reason are false.
9.) Green glands performthe excretory function in _________
a.) Mammals
b.) Annelids
c.) Platyhelminthes
d.) Crustaceans
10.) Reptiles, birds, land snails and insects excrete nitrogenous wastes are examples of
a.) ammonotelic animals
b.) ureotelicanimals
c.) uricotelic animals
d.) none of the above
- Answer in one sentence
Q.1) Define: breathing
Ans. Breathing refers to the process of exchanging O2 from the atmosphere for CO2 produced by cells.
Q.2) Name the components of human execratory system
Ans. The excretory system in humans consists of two kidneys, one pair of ureters, a urinary bladder, and a urethra.
Q.3) State the distinguishing feature in Cortical nephrons and Juxta medullary nephrons
Ans. The loop of Henle is too short in Cortical nephrons and extends just a short distance into the medulla. The loop of Henle is extremely lengthy and reaches deep into the medulla in juxta medullary nephrons.
Q.4) What are the main forms of nitrogenous wastes found in animals?
Ans. The main nitrogenous wastes emitted by mammals are ammonia, urea, and uric acid.
Q.5) What is the functional unit of kidneys?
Ans. The functioning unitof each kidney are almost one million complicated tubular structures called nephrons. The glomerulus and renal tubule are two parts of nephron.
Q.6) What is ultrafiltration?
Ans. The Bowman’s capsule membranes filter blood so finely that practically all plasma constituents, save proteins, pass onto the Bowman’s capsule lumen. As a result, it is classified as an ultrafiltration process.
- Answer in short
Q.1) Why is Ammonotelism mainly seen inaquatic animals?
Ans. 1.) Many bony fishes, aquatic amphibians, and aquatic insects are ammoniotelic in nature.
2.) Because ammonia is quite soluble in water, it is normally expelled as ammonium ions through diffusion across body surfaces or through gill surfaces in fishes.
3.) Kidneys play no substantial function in its elimination.
Q.2) Why is urine analysis carried out?
Ans. 1.) Urine analysis aids in the clinical diagnosis of several metabolic disorders as well as renal disease.
2.) The presence of glucose (Glycosuria) and ketone bodies (Ketonuria) in urine, for example, is diagnostic of diabetes mellitus.
Q.3) Describe the parts of Malpighian body
Ans. 1.) Bowman’s capsule is a double-walled cup-like structure that encloses the glomerulus.
2.) glomerulus is the starting point for the renal tubule.
3.) The Malpighian body includes Glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule, is also known as the renal corpuscle.
Q.4) State the functions of ADH.
Ans. 1.) ADH promotes water reabsorption from the tubule’s distal end, preventing diuresis.
2.) To complete the feedback, an increase in bodily fluid volume can turn off the osmoreceptors and decrease ADH release.
3.) ADH’s constrictory effects on blood arteries can potentially impair renal function. Blood pressure rises as a result of this.
Q.5) Short note: Ureotelic animals
Ans. 1.) For water conservation, terrestrial adaptation required the generation of less toxic nitrogenous wastes such as urea and uric acid.
2.) Ureotelic animals are mammals, numerous terrestrial amphibians, and marine fishes that mostly excrete urea.
3.) Ammonia produced by metabolism is transformed into urea in these animals’ livers and released into the bloodstream, where it is filtered and expelled by the kidneys.
- Answer in brief
Q.1) State the functions of tubules
Ans. 1.) PTC: This segment reabsorbed nearly all of the important nutrients, as well as 70-80% of electrolytes and water. PCT aids in the maintenance of the pH and ionic equilibrium of bodily fluids.
2.) Loop of Henle’s: The ascending limb is important in maintaining the high osmolarity of medullary interstitial fluid. The loop of Henle’s descending limb is permeable to water but nearly impervious to electrolytes, thus helping in concentrating the filtrate.
3.) DCT: In this segment, conditional reabsorption of Na+ and water occurs. DCT can also reabsorb HCO3 and secrete hydrogen, potassium, and NH3 ions selectively to maintain blood pH and sodium-potassium balance.
4.) Collecting Duct: A large amount of water could be reabsorbed from this area, resulting in concentrated urine. This region permits modest amounts of urea to enter into the medullary interstitial to maintain osmolarity. It also contributes to the preservation of blood pH and ionic balance through the selective secretion of H+ and K+ ions.
Q.2) Describe in detail the disorders of renal failures.
Ans. 1.) Kidney failure can result in an accumulation of urea in the blood, a condition known as uremia, which is extremely dangerous and can lead to kidney failure.
2.) In such cases, urea can be eliminated by a procedure known as hemodialysis.
3.) Blood is drained from a handy artery and pumped into a dialysing unit termed an artificial kidney during haemodialysis.
4.) Kidney transplantation is the most effective treatment for acute renal failure (kidney failure). 5.) Renal calculi are stones or intractable masses of crystallised salts (oxalates, for example) that form inside the kidney.
6.) Glomerulonephritis is an inflammation of the kidney’s glomeruli.
Q.3) Explain the formation of urine.
Ans. 1.) Filtration, reabsorption, and secretion are the three basic processes involved in the generation of urine.
2.) Filtration is a non-selective process carried out by the glomerulus with the help of glomerular capillary blood pressure.
3.) The glomerulus filters approximately 1200 ml of blood each minute to produce 125 ml of filtrate in the Bowman’s capsule per minute (GFR).
4.) JGA, a component of the nephrons, is important in the regulation of GFR. Almost all of the filtrate is reabsorption through different regions of the nephrons.
5.) PCT is a key reabsorption and selective secretion site. Heenls Loop largely contributes to the maintenance of the osmolar gradient (300 mOsmolL–1 – 1200 mOsmolL–1) within the kidney interstitium.
6.) The DCT and collecting duct allow for considerable reabsorption of water and certain electrolytes, which aid in osmoregulation: H+, K+, and NH3 could be secreted into the filtrate by tubules to maintain the ionic balance and pH of bodily fluids.