Important Questions for Class 11 Biology 18th Chapter Body Fluids and Circulation MCQ, Very Short, Short Type, Long Type
CBSE Class 11 Important Questions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 18 Body Fluids and Circulation all MCQ Type, Very Short Type, Assertion Reason Type, Case Study, Short Type and Long Type Questions with Answers by Expert. Important Questions for Section A, B, C, D Class 11 Biology Chapter 18.
- MCQs
1) Assertion: Erythrocytes have a red colored, iron containing complex protein called hemoglobin
Reason: Erythrocytes are hence called red blood cells
a.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
b.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c.) If assertion is true but the reason is false.
d.) If both assertion and reason are false.
2) __________ is the graveyard of red blood cells
a) Liver
b) Spleen
c) Kidneys
d) Thymus
3) Which antigen is present on cells with blood group ‘O’
a) Antigen A
b) Antigen B
c) Both antigen A and Antigen B
d) No antigen
4) Assertion: When you cut your finger, your wound does not continue to bleed for a long time.
Reason: Blood exhibits coagulation or clotting in response to an injury or trauma.
a.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
b.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c.) If assertion is true but the reason is false.
d.) If both assertion and reason are false.
5) ___________ions play a very important role in clotting
a) Calcium
b) Magnesium
c) Potassium
d) Hydrogen
6) Assertion: A special neural center in the medulla oblangata can moderate the cardiac function through PNS
Reason: Neural signals through the nervous system can increase the rate of heart beat
a.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
b.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c.) If assertion is true but the reason is false.
d.) If both assertion and reason are false.
7) Assertion: The human heart is myogenic.
Reason: Normal activities of the heart are regulated by the nervous system
a.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
b.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c.) If assertion is true but the reason is false.
d.) If both assertion and reason are false.
8) Assertion: The QRS complex represents the depolarization of the ventricles
Reason: The contraction starts shortly after Q and marks the end of the systole
a.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
b.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c.) If assertion is true but the reason is false.
d.) If both assertion and reason are false.
9) Amphibians and thereptiles (except crocodiles) have a __________heart.
a) 2 – chambered
b) 3-chambered
c) 4 – chambered
d) 1- chambered
10) Human heart is protected by __________ membrane system
a) Pericardium
b) atrio-ventricular septum
c) SA Node
d) None of the above
- Answer in one sentence
Q.1) What is difference in blood and plasma?
Ans. Blood is a type of connective tissue made up of a fluid matrix, plasma, and formed elements where as a sticky, straw-colored fluid that makes up roughly 55% of the blood is called Plasma.
Q.2) What are formed elements?
Ans. Formed elements are erythrocytes, leucocytes, and platelets which constitute 45% of the blood.
Q.3) What are substances secreted by basophils?
Ans. Basophils are cells release histamine, serotonin, heparin, and other substances leading inflammatory reaction.
Q.4) When is a person said to have hypertension?
Ans. Hypertension is diagnosed when a person’s blood pressure is consistently 140/90 (140 over 90) or above.
Q.5) What is hepatic portal system?
Ans. The hepatic portal system is a circulatory connection between the digestive tract and the liver. The hepatic portal vein transports blood from the colon to the liver before it is circulated throughout the body.
Q.6) How many cardiac cycles are performed per minute?
Ans. The heart beats 72 times per minute, which translates to 72 cardiac cycles per minutes.
Q.7) What is stroke volume?
Ans. Each ventricle pumps out about 70 mL of blood during a cardiac cycle, which is referred to as the stroke volume.
Q.8) What is open circulatory system?
Ans. Blood pumped by the heart travels through big veins into open spaces or bodily cavities called sinuses in arthropods and mollusks. Such type of system is called an open circulatory system.
- Answer in short
Q.1) Short note: platelets
Ans. 1.) Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are megakaryocyte cell fragments.
2.) Platelets range from 1,500,00 to 3,500,00 per milliliter of blood.
3.) Platelets can produce and release a range of chemicals, the majority of which are involved in blood coagulation and clotting.
4.) A decrease in their number might lead to clotting problems, which can result in excessive blood loss.
Q.2) Which blood group is universal doner and recipient?
Ans. 1.) Because group ‘O’ blood can be donated to people of any blood group, those in the ‘O’ group are known as ‘universal donors.’
2.) Blood from people in the ‘AB’ group, as well as other blood groups, can be accepted by people in the ‘AB’ group.
3.) As a result, such people are referred to as “universal recipients.”
Q.3) Why is necessary to match Rh group before blood transfusion?
Ans. 1.) The Rh antigen, which is comparable to that found in Rhesus monkeys (thus Rh), is found on the surface of RBCs in the majority (almost 80%) of humans.
2.) Rh positive (Rh+ve) people are those who have this antigen, while Rh negative people don’t have it (Rh-ve).
3.) When a Rh-negative person is exposed to Rh+positive blood, specific antibodies against the Rh antigens develop.
4.) As a result, before transfusions, the Rh group should also be matched.
Q.4) What device is used to measure the heart sounds? Describe the heart sounds.
Ans. 1.) Each heart cycle produces two distinct sounds that can be easily heard with a stethoscope.
2.) The closure of the tricuspid and bicuspid valves is connected with the first heart sound (lub), while the closing of the semilunar valves is associated with the second heart sound (dub).
3.) These noises have clinical importance in terms of diagnosis.
Q.5) Explain the layers of cells in artery and vein.
Ans. 1.) The artery and vein have three layers.
2.) the tunica intima is made up of squamous endothelium
3.) tunica media is made up of smooth muscle and elastic fibers
4.) the tunica externa is made up of fibrous connective tissue with collagen fibers.
5.) In the veins, the tunica media is relatively thin.
Q.6) Why is the heart autoexctiable?
Ans. 1.) Sino-atrial node is a piece of tissue located in the right upper corner of the right atrium (SAN).
2.) The atrio-ventricular node, located in the lower left corner of the right atrium near the atrio-ventricular septum, is another mass of similar tissue (AVN).
3.) The atrioventricular bundle (AV bundle) is a bundle of nodal fibres that extends from the AVN and goes through the atrio-ventricular septa to emerge on the top of the interventricular septum, where it divides into a right and left bundle.
4.) Purkinje fibres are produced by these branches and can be found throughout the ventricular musculature on both sides.
5.) The nodal musculature is autoexcitable, meaning it may generate action potentials without any external stimulus.
- Answer in brief
Q.1) Describe the Function of different components of plasma.
Ans. 1.) Fibrinogens are required for blood clotting and coagulation.
2.) Globulins are mainly involved in the body’s defense processes, while albumins contribute in maintaing osmotic balance.
3.) Minerals like as Na+, Ca++, Mg++, HCO3 –, Cl–, and others are also found in minute levels in plasma.
4.) Plasma contains glucose, amino acids, lipids, and other substances that are constantly in transit throughout the body.
5.) Factors that aid in blood coagulation or clotting are also present in plasma in an inactive form.
Q.2) Describe Erythroblastosis foetalis in detail.
Ans. 1.) Erythroblastosis foetalis is caused due to Rh incompatibility (mismatching) between Rh-ve blood of a pregnant woman and Rh+ve blood of the unborn.
2.) The Rh antigens of the foetus are not exposed to the Rh-ve blood of the mother during the first pregnancy because the placenta keeps the two bloods properly separated.
3.) However, there is a chance that the maternal blood will be exposed to small amounts of Rh+ve blood from the foetus during the delivery of the first child.
4.) In such circumstances, the mother’s blood begins to produce antibodies against the Rh antigen.
5.) Rh antibodies from the mother (Rh-ve) can leak into the blood of the foetus (Rh+ve) and damage the foetal RBCs in subsequent pregnancies.
6.) The foetus could die as a result, or the newborn could develop severe anaemia and jaundice.
7.) Erythroblastosis foetalis is the name for this disorder. Anti-Rh antibodies can be given to the mother shortly after the birth of the first child to prevent this.
Q.3) Why is the cardiac output of an athlete will be much higher than that of an ordinary man?
Ans. 1.) the cardiac output is related to the strokes volume of the human heart
2.) It takes 0.8 seconds to complete a cycle.
3.) Each ventricle pumps out about 70 mL of blood during a cardiac cycle, which is referred to as the stroke volume.
4.) The cardiac output is calculated by multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate (number of beats per minute).
5.) In a healthy person, cardiac output is defined as the volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle every minute.
6.) The stroke volume, as well as the heart rate and hence the cardiac output, can all be changed by the body.
7.) hence the cardiac output of an athlete will be much higher than that of an ordinary man.
Q.4) Explain the mechanism of Coagulation.
Ans. 1.) Coagulation is a physiological function that prevents excessive blood loss.
2.) A clot, also known as a coagulam, is made up of a network of threads called fibrins that capture dead and damaged blood components.
3.) Fibrins are made when the enzyme thrombin converts inert fibrinogens in the blood.
4.) Thrombins are generated from prothrombin, an inactive molecule found in the blood, in the presence of the enzyme complex thrombokinase.
5.) When platelets in the blood are stimulated by an injury or trauma, they release specific substances that activate the coagulation mechanism.
6.) Coagulation can also be triggered by certain substances secreted by the tissues at the site of damage.
7.) In clotting, calcium ions play a critical function.
Q.5) Describe the tissue fluid in detail.
Ans. 1.) The lymph is commonly called tissue fluid.
2.) When blood travels through capillaries in tissues, some water and many small water soluble molecules move out of the gaps between the cells, leaving the larger proteins and most of the produced elements in the blood vessels.
3.) Interstitial fluid, also known as tissue fluid, is the fluid that is discharged.
4.) Its mineral distribution is identical to that of plasma.
5.) This fluid is always used to transport nutrients, gases, and other substances between the blood and the cells and is collected by the lymphatic system, which is a complex network of tubes that empties it back into the major veins.
6.) The lymph is the fluid found in the lymphatic system and is a colourless fluid that contains specialised cells that control the body’s immune responses.
7.) Lymph is also a vital carrier of nutrition, hormones, and other substances. In the lacteals found in the intestinal villi, fats are absorbed by lymph.