Essay on United Nations: An Evaluation for Class 10, 12, Mains Exam (UPSC, PSC, SSC)
The United Nations is an international organization with an aim to maintain international peace and security among the nations. It also intends to develop friendly relations and its biggest feat is international cooperation. The UN was established after the Second World War, a successor to the League of Nations. Its headquarters is in New York and the other main offices are located in Geneva, Nairobi, Hague and Vienna. The purpose of the UN was to solve economic, humanitarian and social problems among the nations and it served as a center where all the nations can decide their activities. The Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States convoluted the UN’s action in the early decades. After the end of the war, the UN undertakes various complex tasks by extending its operational fields.
Objectives of the United Nations:
a) To maintain international peace and security
b) To encourage international cooperation in the areas of economic, social, cultural and humanitarian developments.
c) To develop friendly relations among the nations.
d) To recognize the self-determination and fundamental rights of the people.
Organs of United Nations:
The sixorgans of the United Nations are discussed below:
1.) General Assembly: The main, deliberative policy making body of the UN is the General Assembly. It is led by the president who is elected from among the nations on a rotational process. It decides on budgetary process, peace and security and admission of new members. The questions aresolved by a majority vote.
2.) Security Council: The security council maintains peace and international security. It is made up of fifteen members states having five permanent members – China, Russia, France, the United States and United Kingdom. The resolution of the council is rejected by veto power of the permanent member.
3.) Economic and Social Council (ECSOC): It helps the General Assembly in promoting economic and social development. ECOSOC advises the members nations, makes recommendations, and conduct studies. The members of ECOSOC are elected by the General Assembly. ECOSOC’s studies are performed on topics such as human rights, status of women, science and technology, etc.
4.) Trusteeship Council: The Trusteeship Council supervises the activities of the trust territory and leads them to achieve self-government. It consists of five permanent of the security council- China, France, Russian Federation, United Kingdom and United States.
5.) Secretariat: The head of the Secretariat is the secretary general which comprise of ten thousand UN staff members. He carries out the daily activities of the UN as declared by the General Assembly and the other principal organs.
6.) International Court of Justice: The International Court of Justice is the judicial organ of the United Nations. It was founded in 1945 by the Charter of the United Nations. It settles disputes among states. It deals with issues violations of state authority and war crimes. On issues about international law, the ICJ gives advisory opinions.
UN specialized agencies:
These are autonomous organizations that work with the United Nations.
A) Food and Agricultural Organization- It directs international efforts to defeat hunger.
B) International Civil Aviation Organization: It develops the planning of international air transport.
C) International Fund for Agricultural Development: It address poverty and hunger of the rural areas.
D) International labour Organization: It promotes social justice and decent work by setting up of international labour standards.
E) International Monetary Fund: It fosters global financial cooperation, secure financial stability, create employment and allows international trade.
F) United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization: It promoted world peace and security through global cooperation in education, arts, science and culture.
G) World Health Organization: It monitors the health trends by setting norms and guiding on worldwide health matters.
H) United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime: It prohibits political corruption, international terrorism and illicit drugs.
Conclusion:
Despite of the shortcomings such as peace and security issues fund crisis, inefficient management, climatic change and population explosion, United Nations played a vital role in making the human society more secured and tranquil. It has been successful in building a democratic society and brought social and economic development of the people.
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